A 


M AMU AL 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARY  CANDIDATES  AND 
MISSIONARIES,  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  THE 
BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS  OF 


THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 


FOURTH  EDITION. 


NEW  YORK: 

MISSION  HOUSE,  ag 'eCNMR-E  G^REET-. . . 

5  th  A  VO.,  cor.  1 2  th  St.,  N.  Y. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2018  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/manualforuseofmiOOpres 


A  MANUAL. 


THE  BUSINESS  RELATIONS  OF  THE  BOARD 
AND  THE  MISSIONARIES. 

This  pamphlet  has  been  prepared  for  the  use  of  the 
Board  and  the  missionaries,  and  of  applicants  for  ap¬ 
pointment  as  missionaries.  Heretofore,  many  of  the 
matters  herein  contained  were  dealt  with  as  they  oc¬ 
curred,  on  their  merits,  or  in  view  of  precedents.  As  the 
missions  of  the  Board  have  become  much  enlarged,  and 
it  is  hoped  will  become  still  more  extended,  it  is  deemed 
expedient  to  adopt  the  regulations  embodied  in  this 
Manual. 

The  Board  is  not  an  ecclesiastical  body,  and  its  official 
duties  lie  mainly  in  the  line  of  its  expenditure  of  the 
funds  of  the  Church,  committed  to  its  charge  for  the 
spread  of  the  Gospel  ;  but  it  will  always  be  willing,  when 
requested,  to  give  its  counsel  in  regard  to  any  matter  of 
common  interest  to  the  cause  of  missions. 

All  must  recognize  the  spiritual  aspects  of  missionary 
life  and  work  as  those  which  are  mainly  important.  All 
sincere  applicants  for  appointment  as  missionaries  set 
before  their  minds  the  authority,  glory,  and  grace  of 
Christ,  and  the  honor  of  His  name  in'  the  salvation  of 
souls,  as  their  great  aim  and  object.  They  offer  their 


4 


services  in  the  work  of  spreading  the  Gospel,  under  a 
sense  of  their  being  divinely  called  to  it,  and  they  seek 
their  reward  in  our  blessed  Lord’s  approval.  For  His  sake 
they  are  willing  to  make  sacrifices,  to  meet  with  hardship, 
and  to  endure  privations.  For  His  sake  they  consent  to 
suffer  the  want  of  congenial  society  often,  and  they  are 
willing  to  accept  a  life  of  steady,  unnoticed  labor,  expect¬ 
ing  to  continue  therein  until  death,  and  looking  for  rest  in 
the  world  to  come.  In  these  and  similar  gracious  pur¬ 
poses,  endeavors,  and  hoj)es,  they  and  all  the  friends  of 
missions  stand  on  common  ground,  and  are  bound  together 
in  mutual  sympathy.  And  it  must  ever  be  deeply  felt  that 
harmonious  and  pleasant  relations  and  co-operation,  both 
among  missionaries  themselves  and  between  them  and  the 
members  of  the  Board  and  its  executive  officers,  depend 
far  less  on  formal  rules  than  on  their  common  experience 
of  divine  grace — the  grace  which  inspires  forbearance, 
meekness,  and  Christian  love.  It  is  not  in  any  undervalu¬ 
ing  of  these  high  views,  therefore,  that  this  little  Manual 
is  restricted  chiefiy  to  the  business  relations  of  the  Board 
and  the  missionaries. 

Any  cases  not  provided  for  in  the  following  pages  will 
receive  the  consideration  of  the  Board  when  they  occur. 


5 


x^PPOINTMENT  OF  MISSIONARIES. 

Before  appointing  any  person  as  a  missionary,  the  Board 
desires  to  receive  fall  information  as  to  several  matters. 

Personal  Information  Desired. 

I.  In  the  case  of  ministers,  theological  students,  and 
physicians,  a  written  application  for  appointment  should 
be  made,  in  which  the  age  of  the  applicant,  his  health,  his 
facility  of  learning  a  language,  his  expectation  of  going 
out  married  or  single,  his  i)reference,  if  any,  for  a  field  of 
labor,  his  religious  experience,  and  any  circumstances 
which  the  Board  ought  to  know,  and  particularly  the  rea¬ 
sons  which  have  led  him  to  desire  to  engage  in  the  work 
of  missions,  should  be  stated.  Other  points  of  informa¬ 
tion  are  also  requested,  through  Testimonials,  which  are 
specified  in  the  next  section. 

In  the  case  of  unmarried  w'omen,  the  written  applica¬ 
tion  of  each  one  for  appointment  should  state  age,  healtli, 
temperament,  intellectual  and  moral  training,  aptitude  for 
acquiring  language,  the  reasons  for  engaging  in  missionary 
service,  and  at  what  time  a  public  profession  of  religion 
was  made. 

Information  is  desired,  as  to  the  wife  of  a  missionary, 
and  as  to  single  women,  in  each  case,  from  her  pastor  and 
session,  of  her  qualifications  for  her  poiition,  her  piety, 
prudence,  energy,  health,  etc. 

Testimonials. 

II.  The  testimonials  of  theological  students  and  or¬ 
dained  ministers  should  include  letters  from  their  instruct¬ 
ors  in  the  Tlieological  Seminary,  and  should  be  completed 


6 


by  the  recommendation  of  the  Presbytery  in  each  case, 
as  to  qualifications  for  missionary  life  and  work.  Without 
the  recommendation  of  the  Presbytery  the  Board  will  not 
send  any  minister  to  a  foreign  missionary  field.  In  the 
case  of  a  medical  missionary,  satisfactory  professional 
recommendations,  including  those  from  medical  professors 
and  pastor,  are  required.  The  Testimonials  of  laymen 
should  be  furnished  by  the  pastor  and  church  session  in 
each  case,  and  by  other  Christian  friends. 

In  all  cases  a  medical  certificate  is  requested,  which 
should  be  thorough  in  all  respects,  and  should  have  special 
reference  in  each  case  to  the  adaptation  of  health  to  the 
climate  of  the  country  in  which  the  missionary  expects  to 
live. 

It  is  expected  that  these  Testimonials  will  be  full,  dis¬ 
criminating,  and  impartial,  and  will  be  sent  directly  to  the 
Board  by  the  writers.  They  will  be  regarded  as  private 
and  confidential. 

No  unmarried  lady  is  to  be  sent  to  any  field  of  labor, 
without  the  express  declaration  of  the  Standing  Commit¬ 
tee  therein,  that  one  or  more  female  missionaries  are  at 
the  time  needed. 

Service  for  Life. 

III.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  a 
service  for  life,  if  the  Lord  will  ;  except  in  rare  cases 
specified  by  the  applicants  and  agreed  to  by  the  Board, 
and  also  excepting  the  cases  of  teachers  among  the  In¬ 
dian  tribes,  whose  term  of  service  should  not  be  less  than 
three  years. 


7 


Acquaintance  with  Executive  Officers. 

IV.  When  it  is  practicable,  applicants  for  appointment 
as  missionaries  should  become  acquainted  with  the  execu¬ 
tive  officers  of  the  Board. 

After  Appointment  and  Before  Arriving  at  the 
Missionary  Station. 

Time  of  Going  Out. 

I.  The  time  of  setting  out  on  the  journey  is  to  be  set¬ 
tled  by  conference  with  the  executive  officers,  'fimely 
arrangements  should  be  made,  especially  in  the  purchase 
of  such  things  as  are  needed  ;  and  concerning  these,  in¬ 
formation,  as  far  as  possible,  will  be  given  at  the  Mission 
House.  Passports  should  be  secured  in  good  season,  for 
countries  where  they  are  required.  The  appointed  mis¬ 
sionaries  should  hold  themselves  ready  for  the  voyage  or 
journey  at  the  time  agreed  upon.  They  should  also  keep 
the  executive  officers  acquainted  with  their  post-office  ad¬ 
dress. 

Outfit. 

I I.  Toward  the  purchase  of  clothing,  furniture,  and 
books,  the  Board  grants  the  sum  of  $600  to  a  man  and  his 
wife,  when  it  is  needed,  and  is  not  provided  by  special 
gifts  of  churches  or  missionary  associations  ;  if  such  don¬ 
ors  expect  their  gifts  to  be  acknowledged  by  the  Board  as 
donations  to  the  cause  of  missions,  they  will  be  charged 
as  a  part  of  its  outfit  allowance.  It  is  recommended  that 
this  outfit  grant  be  used  with  economy,  and  the  larger  part 
of  it  be  reserved  for  purchases  to  be  made  after  arriving 
at  the  station.  The  sum  allowed  to  a  single  missionary  is 


8 


^200,  and  on  going  to  housekeeping,  $ioo  additional  is 
allowed  on  outfit  account,  payable  by  the  treasurer  of  the 
mission  when  required.  To  stations  among  the  Indian 
tribes  the  Board  grants  the  sum  of  $ioo  to  each  min¬ 
ister,  and  ^50  to  each  other  laborer,  if  needed,  on  outfit 
account. 

“  The  outfit  of  a  missionary  is  regarded  as  the  property 
of  the  Board,  so  far  as  purchased  by  its  funds  ;  and  in  the 
case  of  a  missionary  retiring  from  the  field  within  a  limited 
period,  for  other  cause  than  the  failure  of  health,  it  is  ex¬ 
pected  that  an  equitable  return  will  be  made  to  the  Board 
— due  regard  being  had  to  expenses  incurred  and  services 
rendered.” 

Certain  Expenses  not  Incurred  by  the  Board. 

III.  I’he  Board  can  not  incur  expense  for  the  education 
of  missionaries,  nor  for  the  payment  of  debts,  nor,  indeed, 
for  any  purpose,  except  as  mentioned  herein  ;  and  the 
funds  granted  for  outfit  should  not  be  used  except  for  the 
pur[)Ose  intended,  for  which  they  will  all  be  needed. 

As  a  rule  no  second  outfit  is  allowed. 

Expenses  of  the  Journey. 

IV.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from 
the  home  of  the  missionary  to  his  station,  by  a  direct 
route.  If  this  is  deviated  from  and  involves  increased 
expenses,  these  must  be  paid  by  the  missionary.  The 
Board  also  pays  the  expense  of  freight,  to  missions  out¬ 
side  of  our  country,  to  the  extent  of  two  measured  tons, 
in  the  usual  mode  of  conveyance. 


9 


Personal  Gifts  not  to  be  Reckotied. 

V.  Moneys,  articles  of  clothing,  etc.,  furnished  to  mis¬ 
sionaries  by  personal  friends  are  not  to  be  considered  as 
a  part  of  the  missionary  outfit,  unless  the  donors  expect 
them  to  be  acknowledged  by  the  Board  as  gifts  to  the- 
cause  of  missions,  in  which  case  they  will  be  charged  as 
part  of  the  outfit  allowance. 


After  Arriving  at  the  Field  of  Labor. 

Uniting  with  Presbytery. 

I.  Ministers  should  connect  themselves  with  Presby¬ 
teries,  when  Presbyteries  exist,  as  soon  as  possible  after 
their  arrival,  taking  their  letters  of  dismission  from  Presby¬ 
teries  at  home  with  them  for  this  purpose. 

Presbytery  for  Local  A fairs. 

II.  Many  things  in  the  practical  work  conducted  by 
missionaries  may  be  best  done  by  common  or  united 
counsels  and  labors.  The  Presbytery  forms  an  admirable 
body  for  the  supervision  of  such  common  work,  particu¬ 
larly  as  both  the  foreign  and  native  ministers  and  elders 
can  thereki  meet  on  the  best  terms.  If  the  varied  com¬ 
mon  work  is  conducted  under  the  charge  of  Presbytery, 
the  usual  rules  of  the  body  will,  of  course,  be  followed, 
but  it  may  be  expedient  to  appoint  Committees  for  par¬ 
ticular  parts  of  the  work  ;  such  as  the  schools  and  em¬ 
ployment  of  teachers,  the  printing-press  and  its  publica¬ 
tions,  the  erection  or  repair  of  buildings,  etc. 


lO 


The  Foreign  Ministers  and  Elders  in  Charge  of 
Funds  of  the  Board. 

The  Board  will  regard  the  foreign-  laborers,  who  are 
members  of  Presbytery,  as  responsible  for  the  expendi¬ 
ture  of  the  funds  remitted  by  .the  Treasurer  of  the  Board, 
or  received  in  the  field  for  its  use,  and  will  require  their 
recommendation  of  all  estimates  and  expenses  before  giv¬ 
ing  its  approval  to  them. 

A  Standing  Committee. 

III.  In  cases  not  practicable  under  Presbytery,  as  when 
there  is  not  a  sufficient  number  of  ministers  to  form  a 
Presbytery,  or  when  this  method  of  conducting  their  work 
is  not  deemed  advisable,  then  the  same  laborers  as  in  Pres¬ 
bytery  shall  be  constituted  a  Standing  Committee  to  act 
for  the  Board,  for  the  transaction  of  such  bu.'iness  as  may 
properly  come  before  them. 

Business  Rules. 

I.  This  Standing  Committee  shall  meet  at  least  once  a 
year,  and  be  governed  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  church 
judicatories,  so  far  as  applicable  ;  and  it  shall  keep  regu¬ 
lar  minutes  of  proceedings,  copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent, 
soon  after  each  meeting,  to  the  Board.  A  majority  of 
the  members  present  will  decide  each  question,  and  in 
cases  of  the  expenditure  of  funds  intrusted  by  the  Board 
to  them,  a  two-thirds  vote  is  required.  It  is  proper,  and 
from  their  relations  to  the  Board  becoming,  that  the  views 
of  all  its  missionaries,  as  regards  their  location  and  work, 
shall  be  heard  and  fairly  and  fully  considered.  If  any 


missionary  shall  be  dissatisfied  with  the  action  of  the 
Standing  Committee,  an  appeal  to  the  Board  for  final  de¬ 
cision  can  be  made. 

All  official  letters  of  the  Board  sent  to  its  missions  shall 
be  seen  by  each  missionary. 

Afission  Treasure)'. 

2.  The  Standing  Committee  shall  nominate  a  treasurer 
for  appointment  by  the  Board,  who  shall  carefully  preserve 
all  deeds  of  mission  property  and  other  legal  papers  not 
transmitted  to  the  Board  ;  receive  moneys  from  the  Trea¬ 
surer  of  the  Board,  and  from  other  sources  for  missionary 
purposes  ;  pay  the  salaries  of  the  missionaries  at  the  end 
of  each  month  ;  and  defray  the  regular  expenses  of  the 
missionary  work  as  authorized  in  the  estimates  approved 
by  the  Board,  and  in  no  case  exceeding  them  without  its 
approval. 

He  is  to  keep,  in  official  books  procured  at  mission  ex- 
])ense,  and  to  be  the  property  of  the  Board,  clear  and  correct 
accounts  of  all  receipts  and  payments,  and  to  have  vouch¬ 
ers  of  the  latter  ;  his  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspec¬ 
tion  of  the  other  missionaries,  or  any  one  of  them,  at 
any  time  ;  his  accounts  must  be  audited  by  a  com¬ 
mittee  of  two  members  appointed  each  year  for  this 
purpose  ;  and  a  report  of  all  receipts  and  payments  must 
be  made  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  yearly,  or  more  fre¬ 
quently,  if  desired,  with  a  balance-sheet,  duly  audited  b}' 
the  Standing  Committee,  clearly  exhibiting  the  condition 
of  the  Mission  Treasury. 

All  unexpended  balances  shall  be  placed  to  the  credit  of 
the  Board  at  the  close  of  the  year.  Any  appropriation 


12 


for  general  use  not  required  during  the  year  shall  lapse  at 
its  close  and  be  returned  to  the  Treasury. 

No  funds  of  the  Board  shall  be  loaned  to  outside  par¬ 
ties. 

No  Drafts  to  be  made  luithout  Permission. 

Neither  the  treasurer  nor  any  member  of  a  mission  may 
draw  on  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for  funds  without  first 
receiving  the  permission  of  the  Board,  formally  expressed, 
and  then  no  bill  to  be  drawn  at  less  than  five  days’  sight. 

A nnual  Report — Correspondence. 

3.  The  Standing  Committee  shall  prepare,  at  the  end 
of  the  year,  a  general  report  of  missionary  work,  to  be 
sent  to  the  Board  not  later  than  the  first  week  in  January. 

Each  missionary  is  requested  to  prepare  also  a  narra¬ 
tive  of  personal  labors  during  the  year,  with  any  special 
statements  respecting  missionary  work,  this  narrative  in 
the  form  of  a  letter,  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Board  early  in 
January. 

In  addition  to  these  reports,  each  missionary  is  ex¬ 
pected  to  write  as  frequently  as  may  be  expedient  to  the 
executive  officers,  Christian  friends,  and  the  religious 
press. 

In  all  missions  of  over  two  ministers  a  letter  should  be 
sent  to  the  Mission  House  once  a  month  ;  in  missions  of 
less  than  two  ministers,  once  in  two  months — giving  the 
news  of  the  missionary  work. 

Knowledge  of  the  Language. 

4.  At  the  end  of  the  first  and  second  years  after  the 
arrival  of  a  missionary  in  the  field,  the  Standing  Commit- 


13 


tee  is  requested  to  make  a  report  to  the  Board  in  regard 
to  his  or  her  knowledge  and  skill  in  the  practical  use 
of  the  native  language.  It  is  the  understanding  of  the 
Board  that  the  ability  to  write  and  speak  the  native  lan¬ 
guage  well,  is  an  indispensable  qualification  of  missionary 
service,  without  which  no  one  can  expect  to  continue  in 
the  enjoyment  of  its  support. 

Estimates  of  Expense. 

5.  The  Standing  Committee  shall  prepare  at  the  end  of 
each  year  a  careful  estimate  of  the  probable  necessary 
expenses  of  its  work  for  the  year  ensuing,  specifying  the 
different  objects  in  detail,  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Board 
the  first  week  in  January.  When  there  is  more  than  one 
station  in  a  mission,  each  station  should  prepare  its  esti¬ 
mates,  to  be  submitted  for  examination  and  approval  at 
the  annual  meeting.  The  general  estimates  of  the  mis¬ 
sion  are  to  be  based  on  and  include  these  station  esti¬ 
mates. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should 
be  so  complete  as  to  preclude  special  applications  to 
churches.  Sabbath-schools,  or  other  associations,  for  ob¬ 
jects  not  specified  in  them. 

When  these  estimates  have  been  approved  by  the 
Board,  they  govern  the  expenditure  of  the  year,  and  must 
not  be  exceeded.  If  special  cases  arise,  calling  for  new 
expenditure,  they  should  be  made  matters  of  correspond¬ 
ence  with  the  Board,  excepting  when  funds  to  meet  them 
are  provided  from  other  sources  than  the  Treasury  of  the 
Board  (such  as  donations  of  Christian  friends  at  the  sta¬ 
tion,  or  from  other  sources  referred  to  in  the  next  para- 
graph). 


H 


No  treasurer  is  to  pay  any  sums  on  account  of  the 
Board  not  sanctioned  by  it. 

In  the  Case  of  Work  for  Remuneration. 

6.  The  object  of  missionary  life  must  ever  be  held 
sacred,  that  of  preaching  Christ  and  Him  crucified  ;  but 
if,  without  turning  aside  from  this  object,  missionaries 
should  be  temporarily  led  by  providential  circumstances, 
with  the  consent  of  their  brethren  in  the  mission,  and  the 
approval  of  the  Board,  to  engage  in  work  that  brings  to 
them  pecuniary  remuneration,  the  moneys  so  received 
should  be  turned  over  to  the  treasury  of  the  mission,  and 
be  reported  to  the  Board  ;  in  such  cases  the  missionaries 
will  continue  to  draw  their  usual  salaries  from  the  Board. 

Property  of  the  Board. 

No  property  is  to  be  purchased,  nor  any  building  erected 
for  the  Board  without  its  sanction.  None  of  its  property 
is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt.  All  property 
given  or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once  transferred 
to  it,  or  be  held  in  trust  for  it.  Where  it  can  be  done, 
title  deeds  of  the  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the 
way  required  by  the  Government.  All  repairs  on  build¬ 
ings  shall  be  considered,  and  placed  in  the  general  esti¬ 
mates  ;  but  no  enlargement  or  alteration  involving  expense 
shall  be  made  without  the  concurrence  of  the  Standing 
Committee  and  the  sanction  of  the  Board. 

Salary. 

7.  The  salary  of  a  missionary  varies  in  different  coun¬ 
tries  according  to  the  expense  of  living  ;  it  is  fixed  after 
conference  with  missionaries  in  the  field,  and  it  is,  more- 


15 


over,  subject  to  change  after  sufficient  notice.  The  gen¬ 
eral  idea  on  which  it  is  fixed  is  that  of  giving  only  a  com¬ 
fortable  support  to  the  missionaries  while  they  continue  in 
the'  service  of  the  Hoard,  in  the  missionary  field  and  work. 
Usually  a  house  is  provided,  or  house-rent  paid,  a  salary 
to  a  married  man,  an  allowance  to  each  child  under  eight¬ 
een  years  of  age  ;  two-thirds  of  the  salary  of  a  married 
man  to  one  unmarried  ;  and  to  single  women  such  salary 
as  is  sanctioned  by  the  Board.  The  salary  in  every  case 
begins  on  the  arrival  of  missionaries  at  their  station,  and 
ends  when  they  leave  it  on  their  return  to  this  country, 
or  on  their  connection  with  the  Board  being  terminated. 
For  the  provision  made  for  missionaries  on  visits  to  this 
country,  see  next  section.  To  a  missionary  remaining 
at  his  [)Ost  while  his  wife  returns  to  this  country,  the  salary 
of  an  unmarried  missionary  is  allowed. 

If  a  missionary  be  left  a  widower,  with  children,  and 
keeps  house,  he  shall  draw  the  salary  of  a  married  mis¬ 
sionary. 

No  Pensions. 

8.  No  pensions  are  given  under  any  circumstances  ;  but 
if  missionaries  become  superannuated  or  infirm,  and  re¬ 
main  in  the  field  with  the  Board’s  consent,  the  Board  is 
justified  in  continuing  their  full  salary  by  the  good  influence 
of  their  Christian  example,  counsels,  and  prayers. 

Return  of  Missionaries. 

The  Question  of  Return. 

I.  The  Board  reserves  to  itself  the  right  of  recalling  or 
of  dissolving  its  connection  with  a  missionary,  for  sufficient 


i6 


reasons,  which  are  to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted 
to  the  General  Assembly,  with  the  Minutes  of  the  Board. 
After  the  connection  of  a  missionary  with  the  Board  has 
been  terminated  no  payments  of  money  on  his  or  her  ac¬ 
count  will  be  made,  unless  by  special  agreement. 

The  question  of  return  is  to  be  decided  in  each  instance 
on  its  own  merits,  but,  in  all  cases,  the  approval  of  the 
Standing  Committee  and  the  consent  of  the  Board  should 
be  obtained  before  a  return  is  decided  on— excepting  only 
where  such  a  critical  and  urgent  condition  of  health  exists 
as  does  not  admit  of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of 
the  Standing  Committee  will  be  deemed  sufficient.  In  all 
cases  the  Board  counsels  great  care  in  coming  to  a  de¬ 
cision  to  apply  for  leave  to  return,  inasmucli  as  the  jour¬ 
ney  involves  large  expense  and  great  loss  of  time  to  direct 
missionary  work,  and  also  as  the  influence  of  returned 
missionaries  in  the  Church  when  in  this  country  is  usually 
great  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  years  spent  continu¬ 
ously  in  the  field.  Indeed,  unless  for  the  failure  of  health, 
or  for  special  orderings  of  Providence,  the  Board  can  not 
sanction  the  return  of  any  missionary  until  after  a  period 
of  at  least  ten  or  twelve  years  of  actual  service  in  the  field. 

The  Expense — Home  Allowance. 
n.  When  leave  to  return  is  obtained,  the  Board  defrays  the 
expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct  route  to  the  place 
of  abode  of  the  missionary  in  this  country  ;  makes  a  home 
allowance,  to  commence  on  his  arrival  here,  of  $Soo  to  a 
man  5find  his  wife  ;  $450  to  an  unmarried  man  ;  ;|40o  to 
a  wife,  accompanied  by  her  children,  her  husband  remain¬ 
ing  in  the  field  ;  and  ^400  to  a  single  woman.  These 


1/ 


sums  may  be  supplemented  by  special  grants,  if  need  be. 
No  extras  are  paid.  The  Board  also  defrays  the  traveling 
expenses  here,  on  visits  to  the  churches  for  the  cause  of 
missions,  when  made  at  its  request,  and  not  provided  for 
by  the  churches  receiving  such  visits  ;  and  it  bears  the 
expense  of  returning,  by  the  usual  route,  to  the  mission¬ 
ary  station. 

Length  of  Time. 

III.  The  time  for  remaining  in  this  country  can  not  be 
determined  in  all  cases  alike,  but  the  visit  should  not  ex¬ 
ceed  one  year  from  the  time  of  leaving  the  station.  Due 
reference  should  be  made,  when  practicable,  to  the  best 
time  of  leaving  the  station,  so  as  not  to  exceed  this  limit. 
With  the  consent  of  the  Board,  in  view  of  satisfactory 
reasons  assigned,  the  visit  may  be  prolonged,  but  at  the 
end  of  the  time  agreed  upon,  whether  one  year  or  longer, 
if  the  consent  of  the  Board  is  not  given,  payment  of  salary 
and  any  other  expenses  will  be  discontinued  ;  and  at  the 
end  of  the  second  year  the  connection  of  the  missionary 
with  the  Board  will  be  terminated,  unless  in  very  special 
cases. 

In  the  Case  of  Withdraioal. 

IV.  In  the  event  of  withdrawal  from  missionary  service 
for  reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  besides 
defraying  the  expenses  of  the  journey  to  this  country,  the 
Board  may  make  a  grant  of  funds  for  temporary  use,  in 
cases  of  need  ;  if  longer  assistance  is  required  after  his 
return  and  his  ceasing  to  be  connected  with  - the  Board, 
the  case  of  the  missionary  and  his  family  falls  within  the 
province  of  the  Ministerial  Relief  Fund  of  the  Cleneral 


i8 


Asseniblv,  in  common  with  the  cases  of  his  brethren  in  the 
ministry  in  like  circumstances. 


The  Chii-hre^t  of  Missionaries. 

Grant  Made. 

I.  An  annual  grant  is  made  to  each  child  of  a  mission¬ 
ary  in  the  field,  of  $too,  to  cease  at  the  age  of  eighteen  ; 
the  same  sum  is  allowed  toward  his  support  if  sent  to  this 
countiy,  to  the  same  age.  This  grant  ceases  if  the  mis¬ 
sionary  ceases  to  be  connected  with  the  Board  ;  but  it  is 
continued  until  the  same  age  to  the  children  of  mission¬ 
aries  who  may  have  died  in  the  service. 


Expense  of  Journey. 

'  II.  The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of 
the  children  of  missionaries  to  this  country  ;  but  it  does 
not  engage  to  defray  the'  expense  of  their  return  after  the 
age  of  fourteen  to  the  country  from  which  they  came,  un¬ 
less  they  are  going  out  as  missionaries  themselves,  or  un¬ 
less  in  special  circumstances,  referring  particularly  to  the 
daughters  of  missionaries. 


Children  in  the  Direction  of  their  Parents. 

III.  The  Board  respectfully  counsels  missionaries  that, 
when  practicable,  and  special  reasons  do  not  render  it  in¬ 
expedient,  the  children  should  be  placed  in  the  immediate 
charge  of  the  relatives  and  family  friends  of  their  parents. 
In  all  cases,  parents  will  retain  the  control  of  arrange- 


19 


inents  for  their  children  sent  to  this  country,  and  conduct 
the  correspondence  required  therefor.  But  the  Board  and 
its  executive  officers  will  do  all  in  their  power,  and  with 
sympathy,  to  aid  in  effecting  good  arrangements  in  any 
case. 

fdissiON  House,  23  Centre  6’/.,  Neiv  York. 


I 


4 


hCsiLl': 


#>1 


MANUALa 


OP  THE 


0001^01  of  Porei^n  "^Rjlsslons 


OP  THR 


Presbyterian  Cburci)  in  '\\)e  U,  S.  A. 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND  MISSIONARY 
CANDIDATES. 


Revised  and  Adopted  December  1  6,  I  889. 


New  York: 


63  KIEXH  AVENUE. 


MANUAL 


OF  THE 


000 rd  of  P 


oneign 


issions 


OP  THE 


Presbyterian  Q\)urc\)  in  tl^e  U.  S.  A. 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND  MISSIONARY 
CANDIDATES. 


Revised  and  Adopted  December  1  6,  1  889. 


New  York: 


53  KIEXH  AVENUE. 


CHARTER. 


Charter  Granted  by  the  State  of  New  York,  April  i2Th,  1862. 
(Revised  Statutes,  Chap.  187.) 


AN  ACT  TO  INCORPORATE  THE  BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS  OF  THE 
PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

The  People  of  the  State  of  Nezv  York,  represented  in  Senate  and  As¬ 
sembly,  do  enact  as  follows  : 

Section  i. — Walter  Lowrie,  Gardner  Spring, William  W.  Phillips, 
George  Potts,  William  Bannard,  John  D.  Wells,  Nathan  L.  Rice, 
Robert  L.  Stuart,  Lebbeus  B.  Ward,  Robert  Carter,  John  C.  Low¬ 
rie,  citizens  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  such  others  as  they  may 
associate  with  themselves,  are  hereby  constituted  a  body  corporate 
and  politic  forever,  by  the  name  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  and  conducting  Christian  Missions  among 
the  unevangelized  or  Pagan  nations,  and  the  general  diffusion  of 
Christianity;  and  by  that  najne  they  and  their  successors  and  asso¬ 
ciates  shall  be  capable  of  taking  by  purchase,  grant,  devise,  or  other¬ 
wise,  holding,  conveying,  or  otherwise  disposing  of  any  real  or  per¬ 
sonal  estate  for  the  purposes  of  the  said  corporation,  but  which 
estate  within  this  State  shall  not  at  any  time  exceed  the  annual  in¬ 
come  of  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

Section  2. — The  said  corporation  shall  possess  the  general  pow¬ 
ers,  rights,  and  privileges,  and  be  subject  to  liabilities  and  provi¬ 
sions  contained  in  the  eighteenth  chapter  of  the  first  part  of  the  Re¬ 
vised  Statutes,  so  far  as  the  same  is  applicable,  and  also  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  chapter  three  hundred  and  sixty  of  the  laws  of 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty. 

Section  3. — This  Act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  appointed  by  the 
General  Assembly,  and  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  organ¬ 
izing  and  superintending  the  work  of  disseminating  the 
Gospel  in  heathen  and  unevangelized  lands.  It  is  not  an 
ecclesiastical  body.  An  important  part  of  its  work  is  the 
selecting  and  commissioning  of  suitable  persons  to  labor 
as  missionaries  in  the  foreign  field.  For  such  persons,  as 
well  as  for  the  Board  itself  and  missionaries  already  under 
commission,  the  following  pages  are  intended. 

The  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  work  are  en¬ 
titled  to  the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  affections  of 
all  who  engage  in  it.  Applicants  for  appointment  as  mis¬ 
sionaries  should  set  before  their  minds  the  authority, 
glory  and  grace  of  Christ,  and  the  honor  of  His  name  in 
the  salvation  of  souls  as  their  great  aim.  They  should 
offer  their  services  in  the  work  of  spreading  the  Gospel, 
under  a  sense  of  being  divinely  called  to  it,  and  they 
should  seek  their  reward  in  our  blessed  Lord’s  approval. 
For  His  sake  they  should  be  willing  to  make  sacrifices,  to 
meet  with  hardships  and  to  endure  privations.  For  His 
sake  they  should  consent  to  suffer  the  want  of  congenial 
society  if  necessary,  and  be  willing  to  accept  a  life  of 
steady,  unnoticed  labor,  expecting  to  continue  therein 
until  death,  and  looking  for  rest  and  reward  in  the  world 
to  come.  In  these  and  similar  purposes,  endeavors  and 
hopes,  they  and  all  the  friends  of  missions  stand  together 


6 


in  mutual  sympathy.  And  it  must  ever  be  deeply  felt 
that  harmonious  and  pleasant  relations  and  co-operation, 
both  among  missionaries  themselves  and  between  them 
and  the  members  of  the  Board  and  its  executive  officers, 
depend  far  less  on  formal  rules  than  on  their  common 
experience  of  divine  grace — the  grace  which  inspires  for¬ 
bearance,  meekness  and  Christian  love.  It  is  not  in  any 
undervaluing  of  these  high  views,  therefore,  that  this 
Manual  is  restricted  chiefly  to  the  business  relations  of 
the  Board  and  the  missionaries. 


MANUAL. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  MISSIONARIES. 

1.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are 
expected  to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to 
health,  etc.,  prepared  for  candidates,  and  to  have  the 
medical  blank  provided  filled  up  by  a  competent  physi¬ 
cian.  Also,  in  letter  of  application,  to  state  briefly  their 
religious  experience,  motives  for  desiring  to  engage  in  the 
work  of  foreign  missions,  choice  of  field,  if  any,  with  rea¬ 
sons  for  the  same  ;  whether  they  expect  to  go  married  or 
single,  and  to  furnish  any  other  information  which  the 
Board  ought  to  have,  bearing  on  their  appointment. 

Ordained  lilissioiiaries. 

2.  In  addition  to  this,  those  seeking  appointment  as 
ordained  missionaries  will  be  required  to  furnish  testi¬ 
monials  from  their  college  and  seminary  professors,  or 
something  equivalent,  as  to  their  literary  and  theological 
attainments  ;  also  a  recommendation  from  their  Presby¬ 
tery  as  to  their  standing  and  qualifications  for  missionary 
work.  Without  such  recommendation  of  Presbytery,  no 
ordained  missionary  will  be  commissioned. 

ITIcdical  missionaries. 

3.  Those  desiring  appointment  as  medical  missionaries, 
in  addition  to  the  general  requirements  specified,  must 
furnish  testimonials,  especially  from  the  pastor  or  session 


8 


of  the  church  to  which  they  belong,  as  to  their  Christian 
character,  soundness  in  the  faith,  evangelistic  spirit,  and 
adaptation  to  missionary  work  ;  also  recommendations 
from  competent  persons,  such  as  their  teachers,  as  to  their 
literary  qualifications  ;  and  from  their  medical  professors 
and  others  as  to  their  professional  attainments.  Men, 
other  than  ministers  and  medical  missionaries,  applying 
for  positions,  are  required  to  furnish  similar  testimonials, 
except  the  certificate  of  professional  qualifications. 

Single  Women. 

4.  Single  women,  including  physicians,  ought  in  all 
ordinary  cases  to  make  their  application  for  appointment 
through  the  Women’s  Society  or  Board  within  whose  ter¬ 
ritory  they  reside.  These  organizations  have  a  supple¬ 
mentary  manual  which  harmonizes  with  the  Manual  of 
the  Board  and  covers  points  on  which  information  is  re¬ 
quired.  It  may  be  said  in  brief,  that  such  applicants  are 
expected  to  furnish  the  information  required  in  paragraph 
I,  and  recommendations  as  to  their  Christian  character, 
soundness  in  the  faith,  evangelistic  spirit,  adaptation  to 
missionary  work,  literary  qualifications,  and,  in  the  case 
of  physicians,  professional  attainments. 

Tlie  Wives  of  missionaries. 

5.  The  wives  of  missionaries  are  regarded  as  associate 
missionaries,  uniting  with  their  husbands  in  desire  and 
effort  to  give  the  Gospel  to  the  unevangelized.  It  is  ex¬ 
pected  that,  as  far  as  consistent  with  their  strength  and 
household  duties,  they  will  take  part  in  missionary  work, 
under  the  direction  of  the  mission.  Wives  of  persons 
seeking  appointment,  or  ladies  expecting  to  become  wives 
of  missionaries,  are  required  to  furnish  satisfactory  testi- 


menials  as  to  their  Christian  character  (usually  from  the 
pastor  or  session  of  the  church  with  which  they  are  con¬ 
nected),  and  the  educational  advantages  they  have  en¬ 
joyed  ;  also  to  answer  the  series  of  personal  questions 
referred  to  above,  and  to  have  the  medical  blank  filled  by 
a  competent  physician. 

6.  It  is  expected  that  in  all  cases  testimonials  will  be 
full,  discriminating  and  impartial,  and  that  they  will  be 
sent  directly  to  the  Board  by  those  writing  them.  They 
will  be  regarded  as  private  and  confidential. 

Interview  witli  Offieers. 

7.  The  Board  insists  that  applicants  for  appointment 
shall  personally  meet  one  or  more  of  the  secretaries,  when¬ 
ever  practicable,  so  that  in  addition  to  the  statements  and 
testimonials  furnished  there  may  be  the  advantage  of  a 
personal  interview.  In  the  case  of  single  women  where 
this  may  be  difficult  owing  to  distance,  it  is  required  that 
they  shall  at  least  meet  some  of  the  officers  of  the  Wom¬ 
en’s  Society  or  Board  to  which  they  naturally  belong. 

Term  of  Service.* 

8.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  ser¬ 
vice  FOR  LIFE,  if  the  Lord  will.  Experience,  however, 
has  shown  that  in  all  ordinary  cases  a  furlough  in  the 
homeland  after  successive  years  of  toil  is  a  necessity. 
Such  a  change  not  only  restores  the  exhausted  energies 
of  those  who  have  labored  in  the  trying  climates  of  mis¬ 
sion  fields,  but  it  stimulates  the  Church  at  home  by  bring¬ 
ing  it  into  touch  with  the  laborers  abroad.  Single  women 
after  the  first  seven  years  of  continuous  service  in  the 
mission  field  are  entitled  to  a  furlough  of  one  year  ;  sub¬ 
sequent  terms  of  service  being  eight  years.  Married 


lO 


couples  and  single  men  are  granted  a  furlough  of  one 
year  after  the  first  eight  years  of  continuous  labor  ; 
subsequent  terms  of  service  being  ten  years.  Leave  of 
absence  on  any  other  basis  than  the  above  must  be  by 
vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation  of  the  Mission, 
except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health  does  not  admit 
of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of  the  Mission  will 
be  deemed  sufficient. 

9.  Furloughs  in  all  ordinary  cases  are  for  one  year 
only,  in  addition  to  the  time  required  for  a  direct  journey 
to  and  from  the  field.  As  these  furloughs  will  only  be 
extended  by  the  Board  for  the  most  imperative  reasons, 
great  care  ought  to  be  taken  in  fixing  the  time  of  depart¬ 
ure  from  the  field,  so  that  risks  of  climate  may  not  inter¬ 
fere  with  the  return  at  the  time  designated.  The  date  of 
departure  from  the  field  is  to  be  fixed  by  the  Mission  in 
view  of  the  above  rules. 

10.  As  furloughs,  while  primarily  contemplating  the 
health  of  the  missionary,  have  reference  also  to  the  ad¬ 
vantage  of  the  mission  cause  in  the  church  at  home,  it  is 
expected  that  they  will  be  spent  in  the  United  States. 
Tarrying  in  foreign  countries  will  not  be  allowed  unless 
by  special  consent. 

11.  While  in  the  United  States,  missionaries  may  avail 
themselves  of  all  reasonable  opportunities  to  rouse  the 
zeal  and  interest  of  individuals  and  organizations  in  the 
mission  work,  but  their  efforts  should  be  to  advance  the 
general  work  of  the  Board,  and  not  to  seek  to  raise  funds 
for  special  objects  wfithout  the  consent  of  the  Board. 

12.  With  the  consent  of  the  Board  and  for  satisfactory 
reasons  the  furlough  may  be  extended  ;  but  at  the  end 
of  the  time  agreed  upon,  if  the  consent  of  the  Board  is 


not  given,  payment  of  salary  and  other  expenses  will  be 
discontinued  ;  and  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  the  con¬ 
nection  of  the  missionary  with  the  Board  will  be  termin¬ 
ated,  unless  in  very  special  cases. 

Desiiig'natioii  of  Field. 

13.  The  designation  of  field  is  frequently  made  at  a  time 
subsequent  to  the  date  of  appointment.  In  making  this 
designation  the  preference  of  the  candidate  is  always 
considered.  Other  things  being  equal,  care  is  taken  to 
assign  persons  to  the  field  for  which  they  seem  to  be  best 
fitted,  and  where  they  will  be  likely  to  accomplish  most 
in  the  service  of  Christ. 

Outflt. 

14.  Wherever  possible,  without  a  severe  tax  on  the 
families  of  outgoing  missionaries,  it  is  desirable  that  the 
outfit  be  provided  without  drawing  on  the  Board’s  treas¬ 
ury.  Where  this  cannot  be  done,  the  following  grants 
are  made,  in  whole  or  in  part,  as  may  be  deemed  neces¬ 
sary  by  the  missionaries  under  appointment : 


To  an  unmarried  missionary . 

To  a  man  and  his  wife .  600. 


15.  Should  a  missionary  retire  from  the  field  after  a  ser¬ 
vice  of  three  years  or  less  for  any  other  cause  than  that  of 
failure  of  health,  it  is  expected  that  an  equitable  return  of 
the  outfit  allowance  will  be  made  to  the  Board,  due  regard 
being  had  to  expenses  incurred  and  services  rendered. 

16.  The  outfit  allowance  is  in  no  case  to  be  used  for  the 
PAYMENT  OF  DEBTS,  Or  for  any  purpose  except  proper 
outfit  expenses,  and  is  payable  not  earlier  than  within  two 
months  of  the  time  of  departure  for  the  field.  Unless 


12 


drawn  before  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  it  cannot  be  drawn 
unless  placed  in  the  estimates  of  the  mission  for  the  next 
year. 

17.  Outfit  lists  have  been  prepared  by  the  several  mis¬ 
sions,  copies  of  which  will  be  sent  to  persons  appointed, 
according  to  the  designation  of  field. 

As  a  rule  no  second  outfit  is  allowed. 

The  Journey. 

18.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from 
the  home  of  the  missionary  to  his  station  by  a  direct  route. 
If  that  is  deviated  from  and  involves  increased  outlay,  it 
must  be  met  by  the  missionary.  The  Board  also  pays  the 
expense  of  freight  and  customs  duties  to  missions  outside 
of  the  United  States  to  the  extent  of  four  measured  tons 
and  eight  tons  to  single  and  married  missionaries  respect¬ 
ively  (a  ton  contains  40  cubic  feet).  One  hundred  pounds 
of  baggage  in  excess  of  the  amount  carried  free  by  the 
railroads  is  allowed  each  missionary  from  his  home  to  the 
place  of  embarkation.  The  usual  allowance  on  steamers 
is  250  or  300  pounds.  On  these  points  specific  instruc¬ 
tions  will  be  furnished  after  designation  of  field.  Corre¬ 
spondence  on  this  subject  should  be  had  with  the  Treas¬ 
urer  of  the  Board. 

Passports. 

19.  Passports  are  absolutely  necessary  only  for  mission¬ 
aries  going  to  Persia  or  Syria.  As  exigencies  may  arise 
in  any  foreign  country,  however,  when  a  passport  would 
be  of  service,  all  missionaries  are  advised  to  procure  them. 
A  blank  for  this  purpose  will  be  forwarded  to,  persons 
under  appointment  when  their  field  is  designated. 


13 


Salary. 

20.  The  salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  coun¬ 
tries  according  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  deter¬ 
mined  by  the  Board  on  the  basis  of  correspondence  with 
the  missions.  The  general  idea  on  which  they  are  fixed 
is  that  of  giving  a  comfortable  support  to  the  missionaries 
while  they  continue  in  the  service  of  the  Board  in  the 
mission  field.  Usually  a  house  is  provided,  or  house  rent 
paid  ;  a  salary  to  a  married  man,  with  an  allowance  for 
each  child  under  eighteen  years  of  age  ;  two-thirds  of  the 
salary  of  a  married  man  to  one  unmarried  ;  and  to  single 
women  such  salary  as  may  be  sanctioned  by  the  Board. 

21.  The  salary  in  every  case  begins  on  the  arrival  of 
missionaries  at  their  station,  and  ends  when  they  leave  it 
on  their  return  to  this  country,  or  on  their  connection 
with  the  Board  being  terminated.  Salaries  shall  be  paid 
to  the  missionaries  at  the  end  of  each  month,  so  far  as 
practicable,  and  all  such  accounts  must  be  closed  at  the 
end  of  the  fiscal  year,  April  30th.  For  the  provision  made 
for  missionaries  on  visits  to  this  country,  see  section  on 
Home  Allowance,  (paragraph  65). 

22.  To  a  missionary  remaining  at  his  post  while  his 
wife  returns  to  this  country,  the  salary  of  an  unmarried 
missionary  is  allowed. 

23.  If  a  missionary  be  left  a  widower  with  children  and 
keeps  house,  he  may  draw  the  salary  of  a  married  mis¬ 
sionary,  and  a  widow  similarly  situated  shall  be  entitled 
to  $100  per  annum  in  addition  to  the  usual  salary  paid  to 
single  women. 


14 


REMUNERATION  FOR  OUTSIDE  WORK. 

24.  The  object  of  missionary  life  must  ever  be  held 
sacred — the  preaching  of  Christ  and  Him  crucified;  but  if, 
without  turning  aside  from  this  object,  missionaries  should 
be  temporarily  led  by  providential  circumstances,  with 
the  consent  of  the  mission  and  the  approval  of  the 
Board,  to  engage  in  work  on  the  field  that  yields  them 
pecuniary  remuneration,  the  moneys  so  received  should 
be  turned  over  to  the  treasurer  of  the  mission  and  reported 
to  the  treasurer  of  the  Board.  In  such  cases  missionaries 
will  continue  to  draw  their  usual  salaries  from  the  Board. 

Pen§ioii!$. 

25.  No  PENSIONS  ARE  ALLOWED  UNDER  ANY  CIRCUM¬ 
STANCES  ;  but  if  missionaries,  when  aged  and  infirm,  re¬ 
main  in  the  field  with  the  Board’s  consent,  the  Board  is 
justified  in  continuing  their  salary  because  of  such  service 
as  they  may  be  able  to  render,  and  the  good  influence  of 
their  Christian  example,  counsels,  and  prayers.  All  other 
cases  naturally  fall  within  the  scope  of  the  Board  of  Min- 
isteral  Relief.  (See  paragraph  66). 

ITIedical  E:xpeii§e§. 

26.  At  stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring 
under  commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  to  be  regarded 
as  the  physicians  of  missionary  families,  and  to  render 
service  to  them  without  charge  At  all  other  stations  an 
allowance  for  medical  attendance  will  be  made,  the 
amount  to  be  included  in  the  estimates  and  determined 
by  the  Board. 


15 


KNOWLEDGE  OF  THE  VERNACULAR. 

27.  The  Board  regards  the  ability  to  write,  but  especi¬ 
ally  to  speak  the  native  language,  as  an  indispensable 
qualification  for  missionary  service.  To  aid  in  securing 
this  the  several  missions  are  required,  through  a  competent 
committee,  to  examine  new  missionaries  at  the  close  of 
the  first  and  second  years  of  service  and  at  such  other 
times  as  the  mission  may  deem  wise,  as  to  their  knowledge 
of  the  native  tongue,  and  report  the  result  to  the  Board. 
The  mission  has  no  authority  to  excuse  from  these  ex¬ 
aminations  without  the  consent  of  the  Board.  As  a  rule 
the  Board  will  not  continue  in  commission  those  who 
after  fair  trial  are  unable  to  master  the  language  of  the 
people  among  whom  they  labor. 

THE  PRESBYTERY. 

28.  Ministers  should  connect  themselves  with  Presby¬ 
teries  on  the  field,  as  soon  as  possible  after  their  arrival, 
taking  their  letters  of  dismissal  from  the  Presbyteries  at 
home  with  them  for  this  purpose. 

29.  Many  things  in  the  practical  work  conducted  by 
missionaries  may  be  best  done  by  common  or  united 
counsels  and  labors.  The  Presbytery  forms  an  admirable 
body  for  the  supervision  of  such  common  work,  as  minis¬ 
ters  and  elders,  both  foreign  and  native,  being  members, 
have  equal  rights  and  privileges.  It  is  the  desire  of  the 
Board  to  magnify  the  Presbytery,  and  to  have  such  parts 
of  the  work  committed  to  its  direction  and  control  as  the 
Board  may  deem  wise  from  time  to  time. 


THE  MISSION. 


30.  A  Mission  as  constituted  for  the  transaction  of 
business  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries  under  ap¬ 
pointment  by  the  Board  within  specified  territorial  limits. 
The  women  of  the  Mission  who  are  actively  engaged  in 
mission  work  (the  Mission  to  determine  when  this  condi¬ 
tion  is  met)  are  entitled  to  vote  on  what  is  known  as 
Woman’s  Work.  No  missionary  shall  have  a  right  to  vote 
until  after  one  year  of  service  in  connection  with  the 
Mission. 

Mission  Meetings. 

31.  The  mission  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  (wher¬ 
ever  possible  between  Dec.  ist  and  Feb  ist)  and  be  gov¬ 
erned  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  church  judicatories  so  far 
as  applicable;  and  it  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  its  pro¬ 
ceedings,  copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  soon 
after  each  meeting.  A  majority  of  the  members  present 
shall  decide  each  question,  but  questions  as  to  the  expend¬ 
iture  of  funds  intrusted  by  the  Board  to  them,  shall  re¬ 
quire  a  two-thirds  vote.  It  is  eminently  proper,  from  their 
relations  to  the  Board,  that  the  views  of  all  its  mission¬ 
aries  regarding  their  location  and  work  shall  be  heard  and 
fairly  and  fully  considered.  If  any  missionary  shall  be 
dissatisfied  with  the  action  of  the  Mission,  an  appeal  to 
the  Board  for  final  decision  can  be  made.  Because  of  the 
expense,  only  those  members  of  missionary  families  en¬ 
titled  to  deliberate  or  vote  should  attend  the  Annual 
Meeting,  unless  under  peculiar  circumstances. 

32.  All  official  letters  of  the  Board  sent  to  its  Missions 
shall  be  seen  by  each  missionary. 


17 


Individual  Work. 

33.  The  work  of  individual  missionaries  is,  in  general, 
to  be  under  the  direction  of  the  Mission,  so  that  all  forms 
of  labor  may  have  the  benefit  of  united  counsel  and  pro¬ 
mote  the  interests  of  the  work  as  a  whole.  Tours  of  ex¬ 
ploration,  or  any  unusual  work,  should  be  undertaken 
only  with  the  advice  of  the  Mission. 

iVew  Stations. 

34.  New  stations  can  be  established  only  by  action  of 
the  Board  on  recommendation  of  the  Mission.  The  force 
assigned  to  such  stations  should,  if  possible,  include  one 
missionary  of  experience. 

Literary  Work. 

35.  Literary  work,  such  as  translating,  and  the  prepa¬ 
ration  of  religious  books,  is  important,  but  should  be 
undertaken  only  with  the  consent  or  by  the  appointment 
of  the  Mission,  and  by  persons  adjudged  to  be  most  thor¬ 
oughly  acquainted  with  the  language. 

Reports. 

36.  Each  station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the  mis¬ 
sion  year  a  report  of  the  various  departments  of  its  work, 
and  submit  it  to  the  Mission  at  the  Annual  Meeting. 
These  reports  shall  be  reviewed  by  the  Mission  and  for¬ 
warded  to  the  Board  with  the  Mission’s  judgment  thereon. 

37.  Each  station  shall  write  a  bi-monthly  letter  to  the 
Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence  with  the  Mis¬ 
sion  concerning  the  work  in  its  various  departments,  the 
members  of  the  station  discharging  this  duty  in  turn. 

38.  Each  missionary  is  also  expected  to  prepare  a  brief 


i8 


personal  report  of  his  labors  during  the  year  and  send  the 
same  to  the  Board. 

39.  In  addition  to  these  reports  and  letters,  each  mis¬ 
sionary  is  expected  to  write  as  frequently  as  may  be  ex¬ 
pedient  to  the  executive  officers  of  the  Board,  Christian 
friends  and  the  religious  press. 

Estiinatciii. 

40.  At  the  Annual  Meeting,  the  Mission  shall  prepare  a 
careful  estimate  of  the  probable  necessary  expenses  of  its 
work  for  the  year  beginning  on  the  first  day  of  May  fol¬ 
lowing  the  date  of  meeting.  Where  there  is  more  than 
one  station  in  the  mission,  each  station  shall  prepare  its 
estimates,  to  be  submitted  for  examination  and  approval 
at  the  Annual  Meeting.  These  estimates  are  to  be  made 
in  two  classes,  the  first  to  embrace  such  current  items  as 
are  absolutely  necessary  to  the  continuance  of  the  work, 
such  as  salaries  and  rents,  allowed  during  the  year  pre¬ 
ceding  ;  the  second  class  to  include  all  proposed  expendi¬ 
tures  not  embraced  in  the  first  class.  The  estimates  thus 
prepared  and  forwarded  to  the  Board  will  be  acted  upon 
as  promptly  as  possible,  after  the  rising  of  the  General 
Assembly.  Pending  such  action,  the  Mission  is  author¬ 
ized  to  proceed  with  all  expenditures  included  under  the 
first  4:lass,  and  the  Treasurer  will  remit  accordingly,  but 
may  not  enter  upon  the  expenditures  included  in  the 
second  class  without  authority  from  the  Board. 

41.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  these  estimates 
should  be  so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  to 
churches,  Sabbath-schools,  societies  or  individuals  for 
special  gifts.  If  cases  arise  calling  for  new  outlay  they 
should  be  presented  to  the  Board  with  the  approval  of 
the  Mission. 


19 


42.  Missionaries  are  expected  to  refer  to  the  officers  in 
New  York  all  requests  from  societies,  schools,  or  bands 
for  special  objects,  as  such  questions  are  given  systematic 
attention. 

43.  As  the  Board  must  render  annual  reports  to  the 
Church  of  its  expenditures  on  the  foreign  field,  the  vari¬ 
ous  missions  must  consider  each  year’s  appropriations  as 
available  only  during  the  year  for  which  they  are  made- 

mission  Treasurers. 

44.  The  Mission  shall  elect  a  treasurer  at  its  annual 
meeting  or  when  a  vacancy  occurs,  said  treasurer  to  as¬ 
sume  his  duties  at  the  time  designated  by  the  Mission,  the 
election  to  be  reported  to  the  Board  and  to  be  subject  to 
its  approval.  It  devolves  on  the  Mission  Treasurer  to 
preserve  carefully  all  deeds  of  mission  property  and  other 
legal  papers  not  transmitted  to  the  Board  ;  to  keep  in 
official  books,  procured  at  the  Board’s  expense  and  to  be 
the  property  of  the  Board,  clear  and  correct  accounts  of 
all  receipts  and  payments,  and  to  have  vouchers  for  the 
latter.  His  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any 
member  of  the  Mission  at  any  reasonable  time. 

45.  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board 
for  the  distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his 
Mission,  and  is  responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board 
for  all  funds  forwarded  by  him,  these  funds  to  be  kept  in 
a  bank  or  other  safe  depository  approved  by  the  Mission. 
No  funds  of  the  Board  shall  be  lent  under  any  circum¬ 
stances. 

46.  He  is  also  the  agent  of  the  Board  to  enforce  any 
rules  governing  the  use  of  revenue  derived  from  such 
sources  as  tuition  fees,  medical  fees,  press  earnings  and 


20 


premium  on  exchange.  (See  paragraph  24).  Such  funds 
must  be  paid  to  him,  and  be  by  him  reported  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

47.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  directed  to  remit  to 
each  Mission  Treasurer  the  amount  appropriated  for  his 
Mission  during  the  fiscal  year  of  the  Board,  and  only  that 
amount ;  this  to  be  forwarded  regularly,  and  preferably  in 
monthly  instalments  ;  bills  of  exchange  to  be  negotiated 
by  the  Mission  Treasurers  as  necessities  require. 

48.  The  receipt  of  such  remittances  must  be  officially 
acknowledged  by  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  for  all  such 
funds  he  must  return  an  annual  report  to  the  Board 
through  its  Treasurer,  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of 
not  less  than  two,  appointed  for  such  purpose  by  the 
Mission  at  its  annual  meeting.  They  shall  meet  to  audit 
the  accounts  of  the  Mission  Treasurer  as  soon  as  possible 
after  May  ist  in  each  year. 

49.  In  auditing  the  accounts  the  Committee  of  the 
Mission  must  not  only  examine  the  footings  and  vouchers 
for  each  payment,  but  also  report  that  the  disbursements 
under  appropriations  were  made  in  accordance  with  the 
vote  of  the  Board. 

50.  The  Treasurer  may  require  from  time  to  time  con¬ 
cise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission  treasuries 
with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements  in  American 
gold,  but  the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  Mission  must 
be  rendered  once  each  year. 

51.  The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to 
the  Mission,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but 
the  funds  must  be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with 
the  appropriations  as  made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed 
the  amount  without  special  authority  being  obtained 
(see  Appendix). 


21 


Station  Treasurers. 

52.  Station  Treasurers  are  appointed  by  the  Mission  at 
its  Annual  Meeting.  They  are  the  financial  agents  of  the 
Mission  for  their  several  stations  with  powers  and  respon¬ 
sibilities  in  their  respective  spheres,  similar  to  those  of 
Mission  Treasurers.  They  must  submit  reports  to  the 
Mission  Treasurer,  as  he  does  to  the  Board  Treasurer, 
such  reports  to  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  members  of 
the  station. 

53.  The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  devise  reasonable  rules 
to  secure  from  Station  Treasurers  proper  accounts,  such 
rules  to  be  approved  by  his  Mission,  and  a  copy  sent  to 
the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Purchases  and  Money  Orders. 

54.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make 
purchases  for  the  Missionaries  of  the  Board,  but  all 
charges,  including  freight,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  sal¬ 
ary  of  the  missionary.  The  Treasurer  shall  require  such 
form  of  order  for  goods  as  will  bind  the  missionary,  and 
may  require  the  countersignature  of  a  Mission  or  Station 
Treasurer. 

55.  The  Board’s  Treasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to 
the  field  funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  mission¬ 
aries,  and  in  turn  pay  upon  proper  authority  funds  trans¬ 
ferred  to  him  by  the  missionaries. 

56.  Such  transfers  will  be  made  under  rules  which  he 
may  make,  but  shall  only  be  made  for  actual  value  re¬ 
ceived,  and  shall  not  be  made  by  negotiable  drafts  (pay¬ 
able  through  banks). 

Emergency  Draft§. 

57.  If  necessity  compels,  the  Mission  Treasurer  may 
draw  on  the  Board  Treasurer  at  ten  days’  sight  for  an 


22 


amount  not  to  exceed  the  proportionate  allowance  of  ap¬ 
propriations  for  one  month,  but  in  such  event  a  statement 
must  be  at  once  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of  the_  Board 
setting  forth  the  emergency. 

Treasurer’s  Aiiiiiial  Report. 

58.  As  the  Board  for  the  purposes  of  its  annual  report 
to  the  General  Assembly  closes  its  books  on  April  30th, 
in  each  year,  the  Treasurer  shall  require  from  the  Mission 
Treasurers  such  reports  as  will  enable  him  to  prepare  his 
report. 

59.  At  the  end  of  the  year  (April  30th),  all  unex¬ 
pended  BALANCES  AND  UNUSED  APPROPRIATIONS  revert 
to  the  Treasury  of  the  Board  (see  paragraph  43). 

60.  The  Treasurer  is,  however,  authorized  to  allow 
proper  payments  from  the  balance,  if  any,  for  work  actually 
done  during  the  year,  under  the  appropriations  of  that 
year,  though  the  accounts  are  rendered  after  the  year  ends, 
and  the  Mission  may  apply  to  have  any  unused  appropria¬ 
tions  continued,  in  addition  to  the  appropriations  for  the 
next  year.  But  all  unused  funds  and  unfinished  work 
must  be  reported  at  the  end  of  each  year. 

PROPERTY  OF  THE  BOARD. 

61 .  No  PROPERTY  IS  TO  BE  PURCHASED,  NOR  ANY  BUILD¬ 
ING  ERECTED  OR  RENTED  FOR  THE  BOARD,  WITHOUT  ITS 

,  SANCTION.  None  of  its  property  is  to  be  mortgaged 
OR  ASSIGNED  FOR  ANY  DEBT.  All  property  given  or  pur¬ 
chased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once  transferred  to  it,  or  be 
held  in  trust  for  it.  Where  it  can  be  done,  title  deeds  of 
the  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the  way  required 
by  the  Government  within  whose  territory  the  mission  is 


located  ;  copies  thereof,  with  diagrams,  to  be  sent  to  the 
Treasurer  at  New  York.  ,  All  repairs  on  buildings  shall  be 
included  in  the  general  estimates,  but  no  enlargement  or 
alteration  involving  expense  shall  be  made  without  the 
concurrence  of  the  Mission  and  the  sanction  of  the  Board. 

RETURN  ON  FURLOUGH. 

62.  When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted  the  Board 
defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct 
route  from  his  station  to  the  abode  of  the  missionary 
in  this  country.  One  measured  ton  of  freight  is  allowed 
each  adult  and  one-half  ton  for  each  child,  and  one 
hundred  pounds  of  excess  baggage  on  railroad  lines.  All 
additional  freight  must  be  provided  for  by  the  mission¬ 
aries  themselves. 

63.  Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made 
on  the  most  economical  basis  consistent  with  comfort  and 
safety,  and  wherever  possible  by  the  Mission  Treasurer 
through  accredited  agents  of  the  Board. 

64.  Missionaries  in  returning  home  shall  bring  a  state¬ 
ment  of  account  from  the  Mission  Treasurer  or  Station 
Treasurer  ;  such  statement  to  cover  the  salary  and  other 
accounts,  and  funds  furnished  for  traveling  expenses. 
They  shall  immediately  on  arrival  at  New  York  report  at 
the  Mission  House  ;  but  if  they  arrive  at  any  other  port 
shall  at  once  send  to  the  Treasurer  a  full  statement  of 
traveling  expenses,  also  home  address. 

lloiiic  Allowance. 

65.  The  Board  grants  a  home  allowance  of  $800  per 
annum  to  a  husband  and  wife,  $450  to  an  unmarried 
man,  $400  to  a  wife,  her  husband  remaining  in  the  field, 


24 


and  $450  to  a  single  woman.  These  sums  may  be  sup¬ 
plemented  by  special  grants  in  case  of  urgent  need.  No 
extras  are  paid.  The  allowance  begins  on  arrival  in  the 
United  States. 

66.  In  the  event  of  withdrawal  from  missionary 
SERVICE  for  reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  in 
addition  to  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  journey  to  this 
country,  the  Board  may  make  a  grant  of  funds  to  meet 
present  exigencies-  in  cases  of  special  need.  If  further 
assistance  is  required  after  his  return  and  his  ceasing  to 
be  connected  with  the  Board,  the  case  of  the  ordained 
missionary  and  his  family  falls  within  the  province  of  the 
Ministerial  Relief  Fund  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  com¬ 
mon  with  the  cases  of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  in  this 
country  in  like  circumstances. 

67.  The  General  Assembly  in  1885  extended  the  priv¬ 
ilege  of  the  Relief  Fund  to  “women  who  have  given  them¬ 
selves  to  the  missionary  work,’’  on  the  same  condition  as 
to  ministers,  and  in  1889  extended  the  same  privilege  to 
“  Lay  missionaries  commissioned  by  the  Foreign  Board.’’ 

68.  The  Board  defrays  the  traveling  expenses  of  mis¬ 
sionaries  visiting  ecclesiastical  bodies  or  Churches  in  this 
country  at  its  request,  when  the  expenses  are  not  other¬ 
wise  paid. 

RETURN  TO  THE  MISSION  FIELD. 

69.  In  returning  to  the  field  after  furlough,  the  same 
rule  applies  as  in  coming  to  this  country.  The  Board 
pays  the  traveling  expenses  from  the  home  to  the  field  of 
labor  by  the  usual  direct  route,  the  allowance  for  freight 

being  one  measured  ton  for  each  adult  and  one-half  ton  u 

for  each  child,  and  one  hundred  pounds  of  excess  bag¬ 
gage  on  railroad  lines. 


RIGHT  TO  RECALL. 


70.  The  Board  reserves  to  itself  the  right  of  recalling 
missionaries  or  of  revoking  their  appointment  for  sufficient 
reasons,  which  are  to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted 
to  the  General  Assembly,  with  the  minutes  of  the  Board. 
After  the  connection  of  missionaries  with  the  Board  has 
been  terminated,  no  payments  of  money  on  their  ac¬ 
count  will  be  made,  unless  by  special  agreement. 

CHILDREN  OF  MISSIONARIES. 

71.  An  allowance  of  $100  per  annum  is  made  for  each 
child  under  eighteen  years  of  age.  This  grant  ceases  if 
the  missionary  ceases  to  be  connected  with  the  Board, 
but  is  continued  within  the  same  age  limit  to  the  children 
of  a  missionary  who  may  have  died  in  the  service. 

72.  The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of 
the  children  of  missionaries  to  this  country;  but  it  does 
not  engage  to  meet  the  expense  of  their  return  after  the 
age  of  fourteen  to  the  country  from  which  they  came, 
unless  they  go  out  as  missionaries  under  appointment  by 
the  Board. 

73.  The  Board  respectfully  counsels  missionaries  that, 
when  practicable  and  expedient,  their  children  in  this 
country  should  be  placed  in  the  immediate  charge  of  rela¬ 
tives  or  friends.  In  all  cases  parents  will  retain  the  control 
of  arrangements  for  their  children  sent  to  this  country, 
and  conduct  the  necessary  correspondence.  But  the  Board 
and  its  executive  officers  will  cheerfully  do  all  in  their 
power  to  aid  in  effecting  good  arrangements  in  any  case. 


APPENDIX. 


T 


Action  of  tlie  Board  of  Foreign  ]tIis§ions,  taken 

July  5,  1§92. 

1.  Any  Mission  or  station  is  at  liberty  to  make  neces¬ 
sary  transfers  in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the 
Board,  within  any  one  class,  such  as  evangelistic  or  edu¬ 
cational. 

2.  When  necessary,  transfers  from  one  class  to  another 
may  also  be  made  within  three  months  after  the  appro¬ 
priations  are  received,  if  unanimously  approved  by  the 
Mission. 

3.  After  that  time  such  transfers  (from  class  to  class) 
are  to  be  made  by  the  authority  of  the  Board,  unless  in 
cases  of  emergency,  in  which  cases  the  amount  is  not  to 
exceed  two  hundred  dollars,  and  it  is  to  be  reported  to 
the  Board  without  delay.  This  provision  for  transfers 
from  class  to  class  does  not  include  appropriations  for 
new  property.  Class  VlII. 

4.  In  view  of  the  occurrence  of  such  changes  in  the 
appropriations  as  are  provided  for  above,  the  Board  will 
expect  from  the  Treasurer  of  the  Mission  a  final  and  com¬ 
plete  statement  of  the  newly  distributed  appropriations, 
according  to  the  method  of  classification  and  statement 
followed  in  the  Estimate  blanks  ;  this  final  statement  to 
be  directed  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  and  to  reach 
him  not  later  than  November  first. 


INDEX 


Accounts —  Paragraph 

Short .  ...  50 

Annual .  50 

A  PI-OINTMENTS .  I 

Applic.\tions .  I 

Ordained .  2 

Medical .  3 

Single  Women .  4 

Wives  of  Missionaries .  5 

Appropriations .  43 

Lapse  at  end  of  year .  43 

To  be  sent  regularly .  47 

Limited  to  amount  voted .  47 

Unfinished  work .  60 

Application  to  continue .  60 

Assignment  to  Field .  13 

Audit .  48 

Duties  of  Auditors .  49 

Board . | 

Introduction . V  8 

Functions  of .  .......) 

Buildings— See  “  Property  ” .  61 

Candidates — 

See  Applications.” .  i 

Interview  with  officers .  7 

Children — 

Allowance  of .  71 

Journey  to  and  from  field .  72 

Care  in  U.  S .  73 

Clearance  of  Account.s — 

Returning  Missionaries .  64 

Designation  of  Field .  13 

Emergency  Drafts .  57 

Estimates — 

General  Rules .  40 

Avoid  Special  AppJcation .  41 

Available  only  during  year  ....  43 

Field — 

Designation  of .  13 

Freight — 

Going  to  field .  18 

Returning  from  field .  62 

Return  to  field .  69 

B'unds — 

Emergency  Drafts .  57 

Mission  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Board .  45 

General  control  in  hands  of 

Mission  .  51 

Not  to  be  loaned .  45 

Furlough — 

After  seven  or  eight  years .  8 

Limited  to  one  year .  9 

Ex'ension .  12 

To  be  spent  in  U.  S .  10 


Furlough — •  Paragraph 

Route  to  U.  S.  direct  .  62 

Freight  Allowance .  62 

Expenses . 62,  63 

Bring  Account .  64 

Report  at  New  York .  64 

Home  Allowance— 

Amount  Paid .  65,  66 

Special  Grant  .  66 

Individual  Work .  33 

Interview  with  Officers .  7 

Journey — 

Expenses  Paid  by  Board .  18 

Route,  Freight,  &c .  18 

Excess  Baggage .  18 

Correspondence  with  Treasurer  18 

Literary  Work .  35 

Language— 

E.xaminations  at  end  of  ist  and 

2d  Year .  27 

Letters  and  Correspondence — 

Letters  from  Missionaries .  39 

*■  ‘‘  Stations .  37 

“  Bi-Monthly .  37 

“  from  Board  to  be  read 

by  all .  32 

Money  Order.s .  53 

Not  by  Drafts .  56 

Medical  Missionaries — 

Applications .  3 

Mission  Physicians .  26 

Medical  Attendance  and  Al¬ 
lowance  .  26 

M  ISSION — 

Consists  of .  30 

Vote  in .  30 

Advisory  Members .  30 

Mission  Meetings — 

W'hen  held .  31 

Majority  Vote .  31 

Two-thirds  Vote  on  Finances..  31 

Appeal  from  Vote .  31 

Attendance  at .  31 

All  to  be  Heard .  31 

iM ISSION  Treasurer — 

Election  of .  44 

Custodian  of  Property  and 

Funds .  44 

Accunts,  &c .  44 

Agent  of  Board .  45 

”  to  Enforce  Rules .  45 

”  to  Collect  Revenues  ...  46 

Acknowledge  Funds,  Accounts.  48 

Audit  and  make  Rules .  53 

New  Stations .  34 


28 


OfI'ICial  Letters —  Paragrafth 

To  be  read  by  all .  32 

Outfit — 

Allowance .  14 

Equitable  return .  15 

Use  of .  16 

Must  be  drawn  within  year  ....  16 

Lists .  17 

No  second  outfit .  17 

Outside  Work — 

Remuneration .  24 

Passports .  19 

Pensions .  25 

Laymen .  67 

Ministerial  Relief . 2S1 

Ministerial  Relief  for  women  . .  67 

Presbytery  . . .  28 

Testimonials  from  Applicants. .  28 

Missionaries  advised  to  join  ...  28 

Supervision  by .  29 

Property — 

No  purchase  without  sanction 

of  Board .  61 

No  Mortgage .  ....  61 

To  be  in  name  of  Board .  61 

Rent  and  Repairs .  61 

Purchases — 

Orders,  lien  on  salary .  54 

Form  may  be  required .  .54 

Recall — 

Right  of  Board  .  70 

Relief  Fund .  66 

For  laymen .  67 

For  women .  67 

No  pensions .  25 

RePort.s — 

Mission .  .....  36 


Reports —  Paragraph 

Station . 36 

Annual .  36 

Personal .  38 

Mission  Treasurers . 50,  58 

Station  Letters .  37 

General  Letters .  39 

Return  — 

Return  to  field  after  furlough. .  69 

From  field  direct .  lo 

SaL.ARIES .  20 

On  field .  20 

Begins .  21 

Payable  Monthly .  21 

Wife  in  U.  S .  22 

Widower  .  23 

Special  Objects .  42,  ii 

Station  Treasurer — 

Elected  at  Annual  Meeting  ... .  52 

Powers,  &c .  52 

Rules  governing .  53 

Term  of  Service .  8 

Te.stimonials  — 

Medical .  3, 

Ordained .  2 

Single  women .  4 

Wives  of  mi.ssionaries .  5 

To  be  full .  6 

Traveling  Expenses — 

To  field .  18 

From  field  . . .  62 

Return  to  field .  6g 

Visiting  Churches .  68 

Treasurer’s  Reports  — 

Required  from  Mission  Treas¬ 
urer .  58 

Unfinished  Work .  60 


/ 

r 


AANQAL 


OF  THE 


goAi^D  OF  Forgign  /Missions 


/■ 


OF  THE 


Presbyterian  Cburcb  In  +be  U.  S.  A.  W 

'a 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND  MISSIONARY 

CANDIDATES. 


^’  Revised  and  Adopted  by  the  Board,  and  Approved  by  the 
General  Assembly,  1894. 


'.V#' 


AANtlAL 


OF  THE 


OF  Foroign  Aissions 

[of  the 

Presbyterian  0l[)urcl;)  in  +be  U.S.A. 

FOR  THE  USE  OF  [MISSIONARIES  AND  MISSIONARY 

CANDIDATES. 


Revised  and  Adopted  by  the  Board,  and  Approved  by  the 
General  Assembly,  1894. 


NEW  YORK: 
S3  Fifth  Avenue. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  appointed  by  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Assembly,  and  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  organizing 
and  superintending  the  work  of  disseminating  the  Gospel 
in  heathen  and  unevangelized  lands.  It  is  not  an  ecclesias¬ 
tical  body.  An  important  part  of  its  work  is  the  selecting 
and  commissioning  of  suitable  persons  to  labor  as  mission¬ 
aries  in  the  foreign  field.  For  such  persons,  as  well  as  for 
the  Board  itself  and  missionaries  already  under  commission, 
the  following  pages  are  intended. 

The  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  work  are  entitled 
to  the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  affections  of  all 
who  engage  in  it.  Applicants  for  appointment  as  mission¬ 
aries  should  set  before  their  minds  the  authority,  glory  and 
grace  of  Christ,  and  the  honor  of  His  name  in  the  salvation 
of  souls  as  their  great  aim.  They  should  offer  their  serv¬ 
ices  in  the  work  of  spreading  the  Gospel,  under  a  sense  of 
being  divinely  called  to  it,  and  they  should  seek  their  re¬ 
ward  in  our  blessed  Lord’s  approval.  For  His  sake  they 
should  be  willing  to  make  sacrifices,  to  meet  with  hardships 
and  to  endure  privations.  For  His  sake  they  should  con¬ 
sent  to  suffer  the  want  of  congenial  society  if  necessary, 
and  be  willing  to  accept  a  life  of  steady,  unnoticed  labor, 


4 


expecting  to  continue  therein  until  death,  and  looking  for 
rest  and  reward  in  the  world  to  come.  In  these  and  similar 
purposes,  endeavors  and  hopes,  they  and  all  the  friends  of 
missions,  stand  together  in  mutual  sympathy.  And  it  must 
ever  be  deeply  felt  that  harmonious  and  pleasant  relations 
and  co-operation,  both  among  missionaries  themselves  and 
between  them  and  the  members  of  the  Board  and  its  execu¬ 
tive  officers,  depend  far  less  on  formal  rules  than  on  their 
common  experience  of  divine  grace — the  grace  which  in¬ 
spires  forbearance,  meekness  and  Christian  love.  It  is  not 
in  any  undervaluing  of  these  high  views,  therefore,  that  this 
Manual  is  restricted  chiefly  to  the  business  relations  of  the 
Board  and  the  missionaries. 


CHARTER. 

Chari  er  Granted  by  the  State  of  New  York,  April  i2TH,  1862. 
(Laws  of  r862,  Chap.  187.) 


AN  .\CT  TO  INCORPORATE  THE  BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS  OF  THE 
PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


Passed  April  i2th,  1862 — Chapter  187. 


The  People  of  the  State  of  N'ew  York,  represented  in  Senate  and 
Assembly,  do  enact  as  follows  : 

Section  i. — ^Walter  Lowrie,  Gardner  Spring,  William  W.  Phil¬ 
lips  George  Potts,  William  Barnard,  John  D.  Wells,  Nathan  L. 
Rice,  Robert  L.  Stuart,  Lebbeus  B.  Ward,  Robert  Carter,  John 
C.  Lowrie,  citizens  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  such  others 
as  they  may  associate  with  themselves,  are  hereby  constituted  a 
body  corporate  and  politic  forever,  by  the  name  of  the  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United 
States  of  America,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  and  conduct¬ 
ing  Christian  Missions  among  the  unevangelized  or  Pagan 
nations,  and  the  general  diffusion  of  Christianity  ;  and  by  that 
name  they  and  their  successors  and  associates  shall  be  capable 
of  taking  by  purchase,  grant,  devise,  or  otherwise,  holding,  con¬ 
veying,  or  otherwise  disposing  of  any  real  or  personal  estate  for 
the  purposes  of  the  said  corporation,  but  which  estate  within 
this  State  shall  not  at  any  time  exceed  the  annual  income  of 
twenty  thousand  dollars. 

Section  2. — The  said  corporation  shall  possess  the  general 
powers,  rights  and  privileges,  and  be  subject  to  liabilities  and 
provisions  contained  in  the  eighteenth  chapter  of  the  first  part 
of  the  Revised  Statutes,  so  far  as  the  same  is  applicable,  and 
also  subject  to  the  provisions  of  chapter  three  hundred  and  sixty 
of  the  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty. 

Section  3. — This  Act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


6 


LAWS  OF  1894,  CHAPTER  326. 

An  act  to  amend  chapter  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven  of 
THE  laws  of  eighteen  HUNDRED  AND  SIXTY-TWO,  ENTITLED 
“an  ACT  TO  INCORPORATE  THE  BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS  OF 
THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA,” 
AND  TO  REGULATE  THE  NUMBER  OF  TRUSTEES. 


Became  a  Law,  April  19,  1894,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Governor  ;  passed,  three-fifths  being  present.  • 


The  People  of  the  State  of  New  York,  represented  in  Sejiate  and 
Assernbly,  do  enact  as  follows  : 

Section  i. — Section  three  of  chapter  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
seven  of  the  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two,  entitled 
“An  act  to  Incorporate  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United  States  of  America,”  is  hereby 
amended  to  read  as  follows  : 

Section  3. — “  The  management  and  disposition  of  the  affairs 
“  and  property  of  the  said  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
“  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  shall  be 
“vested  in  twenty-one  Trustees,  who  shall  be  appointed  from 
“  time  to  time  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
“  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  for  such  terms  as  the 
“  Assembly  may  determine.  But  the  number  of  such  Trustees 
“  may  be  increased  or  decreased  at  any  time  by  the  said  General 
“  Assembly,  and  in  case  of  an  increase  the  additional  Trustees 
“  shall  be  appointed  by  such  General  Assembly  of  the  Presby- 
“  terian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  ;  provided, 
“  however,  that  the  members  of  the  Board,  as  at  present  consti- 
“  tuted,  shall  continue  to  hold  office  until  their  successors  have 
“  been  appointed  by  the  General  Assembly.  Not  less  than 
“  eleven  members  of  the  Board  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for 
“  the  purpose  of  electing  officers,  making  by-laws,  or  for  holding 
“  any  special  meeting  ;  but  for  all  other  purposes,  and  at  stated 
“  meetings,  five  shall  be  a  quorum.” 

Section  2. — This  Act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


MANUAL. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  MISSIONARIES. 
General  Requirements. 

I.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are  ex¬ 
pected  to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to  health, 
Christian  experience,  etc.,  provided  for  candidates,  and  to 
undergo  a  medical  examination  by  the  family  physician, 
and,  when  deemed  necessary,  by  a  physician  designated  by 
the  Board.  Also  in  a  letter  of  application  to  state  briefly  : 
their  religious  history ;  motives  for  desiring  to  engage  in  the 
work  of  foreign  missions  ;  choice  of  field,  if  any,  with  rea¬ 
sons  for  the  same ;  experience  in  active  Christian  service  ; 
whether  they  expect  to  go  married  or  single  ;  and  to  furnish 
any  other  information  which  the  Board  ought  to  hav^e, 
bearing  upon  their  appointment.^' 

It  is  most  desirable  that  those  appointed  as  missionaries 
should  have  the  same  general  qualifications  w'hich  make  a 
Christian  worker  useful  and  successful  at  home ;  that  they 
should  have  been  approved  as  winners  of  souls,  and  that 
they  should  possess  deep  piety  of  life  and  spiritual  power. 
Names  should  be  furnished  of  those  who  can  speak  of  the 
candidates’  qualifications  in  these  regards. 

Ordained  Missiouaries. 

2.  In  addition  to  this,  those  seeking  appointment  as  or¬ 
dained  missionaries  will  be  required  to  furnish  testimonials 
from  their  college  and  seminary  professors,  or  something 


8 


equivalent,  as  to  their  literary  and  theological  attainments; 
also  a  recommendation  from  their  Presbytery  as  to  their 
standing  and  qualifications  for  missionary  work.  Without 
such  recommendation  of  Presbytery,  no  ordained  mission¬ 
ary  will  be  commissioned.  It  is  expected  that  such  candi¬ 
dates  should  have  had  some  experience  in  personal  evan¬ 
gelistic  effort. 

Medical  Missionaries. 

3.  Those  desiring  appointment  as  medical  missionaries 
(both  men  and  women),  in  addition  to  the  general  require¬ 
ments  and  qualifications  specified  in  §  i,  must  furnish* 
testimonials,  especially  from  the  pastor  or  session  of  the 
church  to  which  they  belong,  as  to  their  Christian 
character,  soundness  in  the  faith  and  adaptation  to 
missionary  work;  also  recommendations  from  competent 
persons,  such  as  their  teachers,  as  to  their  literary  qualifi¬ 
cations,  and  from  their  medical  professors  and  others  as 
to  their  professional  attainments. 

Unordained  men,  other  than  medical  missionaries, 
applying  for  appointment,  are  required  to  furnish  similar 
testimonials,  except  the  certificate  of  professional  quali¬ 
fications  ;  especially  letters  bearing  upon  their  qualifications 
for  the  form  of  missionary  work  proposed. 

Single  Women. 

4.  Single  women,  including  physicians,  ought  in  all  ordi¬ 
nary  cases  to  make  their  application  for  appointment 
through  the  Women’s  Society  or  Board  within  whose 
territory  they  reside.  Such  applicants  are  expected  to 
furnish  the  information  required  in  §  i,  and  recommenda- 


9 


tions  as  to  their  literary  qualifications,  Christian  character, 
soundness  in  the  faith,  practical  experience  in  Christian 
work,  aptness  to  teach  the  Bible,  and  adaptation  to  the 
form  of  missionary  work  contemplated. 

The  Wives  of  Missionaries. 

5.  The  wives  of  missionaries  are  regarded  as  associate 
missionaries,  uniting  with  their  husbands  in  desire  and 
effort  to  give  the  Gospel  to  the  unevangelized.  It  is  ex¬ 
pected  that,  so  far  as  is  consistent  with  their  strength  and 
household  duties,  they  will  learn  the  language  and  take 
part  in  missionary  work.  Wives  of  men  seeking  appoint¬ 
ment,  or  women  expecting  to  become  wives  of  missionaries, 
are  expected  in  a  personal  letter  to  give  some  account  of 
their  religious  experience  and  their  interest  in  the  cause  of 
foreign  missions;  also  to  furnish  satisfactory  testimonials 
as  to  their  Christian  character  (usually  from  the  pastor  or 
session  of  the  church  with  which  they  are  connected),  their 
experience  in  Christian  work,  and  the  educational  advan¬ 
tages  they  have  enjoyed  ;  also  to  answer  the  series  of  per¬ 
sonal  questions  and  to  undergo  the  medical  examination 
provided  for  in  §  i. 

Testimonials. 

6.  Justice  and  kindness  alike  require  that  in  all  cases  testi¬ 
monials  be  full,  discriminating  and  impartial.  They  should 
be  sent  directly  to  the  Board  by  those  writing  them,  and 
will  be  regarded  as  private  and  confidential. 

Interview  with  Officers. 

7.  It  is  required  that  applicants  for  appointment  shall 
personally  meet  one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries  whenever 


lO 


possible,  so  that  in  addition  to  the  statements  and  testi¬ 
monials  furnished  there  may  be  the  advantage  of  a  personal 
interview.  It  is  believed  that  this  will  furnish  an  additional 
bond  of  sympathy  and  mutual  interest.  In  the  case  of 
single  women  it  is  required  that  they  shall  meet  some  of 
the  officers  of  the  Women’s  Society  or  Board  to  which  they 
naturally  belong,  and,  whenever  possible,  one  or  more  of  the 
Secretaries. 

Designation  of  Field. 

8.  Designation  of  field  is  frequently  made  at  a  time  sub¬ 
sequent  to  the  time  of  appointment.  In  making  this  desig¬ 
nation  the  preference  of  the  candidate  is  always  considered. 
So  far  as  practicable,  care  is  taken  to  assign  persons  to  the 
field  for  which  they  seem  to  be  best  fitted,  and  where  they 
will  be  likely  to  accomplish  most  in  the  service  of  Christ. 
Assignment  is  usually  to  a  Mission,  but  may  be  to  a  Station 
or  to  a  specific  work,  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission. 
New  missionaries  are  expected  to  comply  with  all  the  reg¬ 
ulations  of  the  Mission  and  Station  to  which  they  may  be 
assigned. 

Outfit. 

9.  Wherever  possible,  without  a  severe  tax  on  the  fami- 
ilies  of  outgoing  missionaries,  it  is  desirable  that  the  outfit 
be  provided  without  drawing  on  the  Board’s  treasury. 
Where  this  cannot  be  done,  the  following  grants  are  made, 
in  whole  or  in  part,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the 
missionaries  under  appointment ; 

To  an  unmarried  missionary  .  .  .  $250 

To  a  man  and  his  wife  ....  500 


except  where,  by  vote  of  the  Mission  and  approval  of  the 
Board,  smaller  grants  may  be  agreed  upon. 

The  outfit  allowance  is  to  be  used  only  for  proper  ex¬ 
penses,  and  is  payable  within  three  months  of  the  tijne  of 
departure  to  the  field,  and  not  after  the  end  of  the  fiscal 
year,  unless  placed  in  the  estimates  of  the  Mission  for  the 
next  year. 

Outfit  lists,  indicating  articles  most  needed  on  the  field, 
have  been  prepared  by  the  several  Missions,  copies  of  which 
will  be  sent  to  the  persons  appointed,  according  to  the  des¬ 
ignation  of  field. 

As  a  rule  no  second  outfit  is  allowed. 

3Iedical  Outfit. 

10.  There  will  be  provided  for  a  m.edical  missionary, 
whenever  necessary,  to  supplement  the  outfit  existing  at  the 
Station  to  which  he  may  be  assigned,  an  allowance  not  to 
exceed  $150,  for  the  purchase  of  a  surgical  outfit.  On  with¬ 
drawal  of  missionary  physicians  from  connection  with  the 
Board,  all  such  outfits  shall  be  reported  to  the  Board  and 
turned  over  to  the  Station  Treasurers  to  be  held  subject  to 
the  Board’s  instructions. 

Return  of  Outfit. 

11.  Should  a  missionary  retire  from  the  field  after  a  serv¬ 
ice  of  three  years  or  less,  for  any  other  cause  than  that  of 
failure  of  health,  it  is  expected  that  an  equitable  return  of 
the  outfit  allowance  will  be  made  to  the  Board,  due  regard 
being  had  to  the  expenses  incurred  and  services  rendered. 
All  furniture  purchased  with  the  outfit  allowance  will  be  re¬ 
garded  as  the  property  of  the  Board. 


1  2 


The  Journey. 

12.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from  the 
home  of  the  missionary  to  his  Station  by  a  direct  route. 
Should  any  missionary  wish  to  deviate  from  this  direct 
route  and  there  be  no  reason  to  the  contrary,  he  shall  re¬ 
ceive  a  sum  equal  to  the  expense  of  the  direct  journey  as 
estimated  by  the  Board  at  the  time.  The  Board  pays  freight 
and  customs  duties  to  Missions  outside  of  the  United  States 
to  the  extent  determined  by  the  Board  for  each  Mission  after 
correspondence  with  the  same.  Each  missionary  is  allowed 
loo  pounds  of  baggage  in  excess  of  the  amount  carried  free 
by  the  railroads,  from  his  home  to  the  place  of  embarkation. 
The  usual  allowance  on  steamers  is  250  or  300  pounds.  On 
these  points  specific  instructions  will  be  furnished  after  des¬ 
ignation  of  field. 

Passports. 

13.  Passports  are  absolutely  necessary  only  for  mission¬ 
aries  going  to  Persia  or  Syria.  As  exigencies  may  arise  in 
any  foreign  country,  however,  when  a  passport  would  be  of 
service,  all  missionaries  are  advised  to  procure  them.  A 
blank  for  this  purpose  will  be  forwarded  to  persons  under 
appointment  when  their  field  is  designated. 

MISSIONARIES  AND  THEIR  WORK. 

Salary. 

14.  The  salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  countries 
according  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  determined 
by  the  Board  after  correspondence  with  the  Missions. 
The  general  idea  on  which  they  are  fixed  is  that  of  giving  a 
comfortable  support  to  the  missionaries  while  they  continue 
under  commission  of  the  Board  on  the  Mission  field. 


13 


Usually  a  house  is  provided  or  house  rent  paid,  a  salary  to 
a  married  man,  with  an  allowance  for  each  child  under 
eighteen  years  of  age,  two-thirds  of  the  salary  of  a  married 
man  to  one  unmarried,  and  to  a  single  woman  one  half  of 
the  salary  of  a  married  missionary.  To  a  missionary  re¬ 
maining  at  his  post  while  his  wife  returns  to  this  country, 
the  salary  of  an  unmarried  missionary  is  allowed. 

15.  The  salary  begins  on  the  arrival  of  missionaries 
within  the  bounds  of  their  Mission,  and  ends  when  they 
leave  it  on  their  return  to  this  country,  or  on  the  ter¬ 
mination  of  their  connection  with  the  Board.  Salaries 
shall  be  paid  to  the  missionaries  at  the  end  of  each  month, 
so  far  as  practicable,  and  all  such  accounts  must  be  closed 
at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  April  30th. 

16.  In  the  case  of  a  missionary  left  a  widower  with  chil¬ 
dren  and  keeping  house,  and  of  a  widow  similarly  situated, 
the  salary  shall  be  specially  arranged  in  view  of  all  the  cir¬ 
cumstances. 

Term  of  Service* 

17.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  SERV¬ 
ICE  FOR  LIFE,  if  the  Lord  will.  Occasional  furloughs, 
however,  are  in  complete  accord  with  such  service.  The 
change  afforded  tends  to  preserve  or  restore  the  health  and 
energies  of  the  missionaries,  and  their  presence  in  the 
churches  at  home  increases  interest  in  Mission  work. 
Missionaries  are  entitled  to  a  furlough  after  each  term  of 
eight  years’  continuous  service  in  the  Mission  field  ;  but  in 
the  case  of  single  women  their  first  furlough  shall  be  after  a 
term  of  seven  years,  the  furlough  in  each  case  to  begin  at 


14 


the  suitable  time  of  year  (see  §  i8)  after  the  expiration  of 
the  full  term  of  service.  Any  other  leave  of  absence  should 
be  by  vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation  of  the  Mission, 
except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health  does  not  admit 
of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of  the  Mission  will  be 
deemed  sufficient;  the  action  to  be  promptly  reported  to 
the  Board  with  medical  certificate.  In  Missions  where 
exceptional  conditions  of  climate  render  a  shorter  term  of 
service  necessary,  the  length  of  such  term  shall  be  deter¬ 
mined  by  the  Board  after  correspondence  with  the  Mission. 

Furloughs. 

18.  Furloughs  in  all  ordinary  cases  are  tor  one  year  only; 
in  addition  to  the  time  required  for  a  direct  journey  to  and 
from  the  field.  As  these  furloughs  should  be  extended  by 
the  Board  only  for  imperative  reasons,  great  care  ought  to 
be  taken  in  fixing  the  time  of  departure  from  the  field,  so 
that  risks  of  climate  may  not  interfere  with  the  return  at  the 
expiration  of  the  year.  The  approximate  date  of  departure 
from  the  field  should  be  fixed  at  regular  meeting  by  the 
Mission  and  reported  to  the  Board.  If  it  cannot  be  fixed 
at  a  regular  meeting,  it  should  be  arranged  by  circular 
letter  or  by  the  Executive  Commiittee.  (See  §  41.)  In 
Missions  where  exceptional  conditions  of  climate  render 
a  longer  furlough  necessary,  the  length  of  such  furlough 
shall  be  determined  by  the  Board  after  correspondence 
with  the  Mission. 

Place  of  Furlough. 

19.  As  furloughs,  while  primarily  contemplating  the 
health  of  the  missionary,  have  reference  also  to  the  advan- 


15 


tage  of  the  mission  cause  in  the  Church  at  home,  it  is 
desirable  that  they  be  spent  in  the  United  States.  Any 
missionary  wishing  to  spend  part  of  the  furlough  in  foreign 
countries  is  expected  to  correspond  with  the  Board  with 
reference  to  the  time  to  be  so  spent  and  the  date  at  which 
the  home  allowance  shall  begin.  (See  §§  i8,  23.) 

Traveling-  on  Fiirlougli. 

20.  When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted,  the  Board 
defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct 
route  from  his  station  to  the  home  of  the  missionary  in 
this  country.  The  alternative  proposition  of  §  12,  regard¬ 
ing  journey  to  the  field,  is  available  for  the  home  journey 
as  well.  (See  §§  18,  19,  23.)  One  measured  ton  of 
freight,  without  customs  duties,  is  allowed  each  adult  and 
one-half  ton  for  each  child,  and  one  hundred  pounds  of 
excess  baggage  on  railroad  lines. 

In  returning  to  the  field  after  furlough  the  same  rules 
apply  as  in  coming  to  this  country. 

21.  Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made 
on  the  most  economical  basis  consistent  with  comfort  and 
safety,  and  wherever  possible  by  the  Mission  Treasurer 
through  accredited  agents  of  the  Board. 

22.  Missionaries  in  returning  home  should  bring  a  state¬ 
ment  of  accounts  from  the  Mission  Treasurer  or  Station 
Treasurer,  such  statement  to  cover  the  salary  account  and 
other  accounts,  and  funds  furnished  for  traveling  expenses. 
As  soon  as  possible  after  arriving  in  New  York  they  should 
report  at  the  Mission  House.  Should  they  arrive  at  any 
other  port,  they  should  at  once  send  to  the  Treasurer  a 
full  statement  of  traveling  expenses;  also  home  address. 


i6 


Home  Allovvauce. 

23.  The  allowance  while  at  home  shall  be  $900  per 
annum  to  a  husband  and  wife,  and  S450  to  an  unmarried 
man,  to  a  wife,  her  husband  remaining  on  the  field,  or  to  a 
single  woman.  These  sums  may  be  supplemented  in  cases 
of  special  need.  The  home  allowance  begins  on  arrival  in 
the  United  States. 

Work  at  Home. 

24.  It  is  expected  that  missionaries  while  in  the  United 
States  will  avail  themselves  of  all  reasonable  opportunities 
to  arouse  the  zeal  and  interest  of  individuals  and  organiza¬ 
tions  in  the  mission  work.  The  interests  of  the  work  as  a 
whole,  however,  require  that  no  effort  should  be  made  to 
secure  funds  for  any  object  not  approved  by  the  Board. 
(See  §  48.) 

The  Board  defrays  the  traveling  expenses  of  mission¬ 
aries  visiting  ecclesiastical  bodies  or  churches  in  this  coun¬ 
try  at  its  request,  when  the  expenses  are  not  otherwise  paid. 

Extension  of  Furlough. 

25.  For  satisfactory  reasons  the  furlough  may  be  ex¬ 
tended,  but  at  the  end  of  the  time  agreed  upon,  if  the  con¬ 
sent  of  the  Board  is  not  given,  payment  of  salary  and  other 
expenses  will  be  discontinued,  and  at  the  end  of  the  second 
year  the  connection  of  the  missionary  with  the  Board  will 
be  terminated,  unless  in  special  cases.  (See  §  18.) 

Vacations  on  the  Field. 

26.  Such  brief  vacations  on  the  field  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  best  interests  of  the  mission  force  are  to  be  deter- 


17 


mined  both  as  to  time  and  length  by  the  Mission,  on  the 
basis  of  plans  submitted  by  the  Missions  and  approved  by 
the  Board. 

Medical  Expenses. 

27.  At  Stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring 
under  commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  regarded  as  the 
physicians  of  the  missionary  families  connected  with  the 
Board,  to  render  service  to  them  without  charge.  At  all 
other  Stations  an  allowance  for  medical  attendance  will  be 
made,  the  amount  to  be  included  in  the  estimates  as  a 
Station  appropriation.  When  in  exceptional  cases  this 
amount  is  necessarily  exceeded,  an  application  in  regular 
form  for  special  appropriation  may  be  made  to  the  Board. 

Knowledge  of  the  Vernacnlar. 

28.  The  ability  to  read,  but  especially  to  speak  the 
native  language,  is  an  indispensable  qualification  for  mis¬ 
sionary  service.  To  aid  in  securing  this  each  Mission 
is  required,  through  competent  committees,  to  examine 
all  new  missionaries  at  the  close  of  the  first  and  second 
years  of  service,  and  at  such  other  times  as  the  Mis¬ 
sion  may  deem  wise,  as  to  their  knowledge  of  the  native 
tongue,  and  to  report  the  result  to  the  Board.  (See 
§§  36,  39.)  As  a  rule  those  who,  after  fair  trial,  are  unable 
to  master  the  language  of  the  people  among  whom  they 
labor,'will  not  be  continued  in  commission. 

Kemiineratioii  for  Outside  Work. 

29.  The  missionary  while  in  connection  with  the  Board 
will  give  his  time  and  strength  to  the  work  of  foreign 


i8 


missions  under  the  general  direction  of  the  Mission,  and  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Manual.  If,  with 
the  express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  he  shall 
temporarily  undertake  work  not  under  the  care  of  the 
Board,  any  sum  of  money  paid  for  such  work  shall  be 
turned  into  the  treasury  of  the  Mission  and  reported  to 
the  Board,  except  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission  and 
the  explicit  consent  of  the  Board  to  the  contrary.  Where 
the  regular  work  is  a  source  of  revenue,  such  as  medical 
fees,  etc.,  the  amount  received  shall  be  similarly  reported. 
(See  §  45.) 

Pensions. 

30.  No  pensions  are  allowed  under  any  circumstances  ; 
but  if  missionaries  when  aged  and  infirm  remain  in  the 
field  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  their 
salaries  shall  be  continued  because  of  such  service  as  they 
may  be  able  to  render  and  the  good  influence  of  their 
Christian  example,  counsels  and  prayers.  All  other  cases 
naturally  fall  within  the  scope  of  the  Board  of  Ministerial 
Relief.  (See  §§  31.  32.) 

Withdrawal  from  Service. 

31.  In  the  event  of  withdrawal  from  missionary  service 
for  reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  it  will  defray 
the  expenses  of  the  journey  to  this  country,  provided  said 
journey  be  made  within  a  year  from  the  date  of  with¬ 
drawal,  and  may  make  a  grant  of  funds  to  meet  present  exi¬ 
gences  in  cases  of  special  need.  If  further  assistance  is 
required  after  his  return  and  his  ceasing  to  be  connected 
with  the  Board,  the  case  of  the  ordained  missionary  and 


19 


his  family  falls  within  the  province  of  the  Ministerial  Relief 
Fund  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  common  with  the  cases 
of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  in  this  country  in  like  cir¬ 
cumstances. 

32.  The  General  Assembly  in  1885  extended  the  privi¬ 
lege  of  the  Relief  Fund  to  “  women  who  have  given  them¬ 
selves  to  the  missionary  work,”  on  the  same  condition  as 
to  ministers,  and  in  1889  extended  the  same  privilege  to 
“  lay  missionaries  commissioned  by  the  Foreign  Board.” 

Children  of  Missionaries. 

33.  An  allowance  of  Sioo  is  made  for  each  child  under 
eighteen  years  of  age.  When  both  parents  or  one  parent, 
the  other  being  deceased,  are  on  the  field  and  the  children 
in  the  United  States,  this  allowance  is  increased  to  $150. 
This  grant  ceases  when  the  missionary  ceases  to  be  con¬ 
nected  with  the  Board,  but  is  continued  within  the  same 
age  limits  to  the  children  of  a  missionary  who  may  have 
died  in  the  service. 

34.  The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the 
children  of  missionaries  to  this  country  under  the  age  of 
eighteen ;  but  it  does  not  engage  to  meet  the  expense  of 
their  return  after  the  age  of  sixteen  to  the  country  from 
which  they  came  unless  they  go  out  as  missionaries  under 
appointment  by  the  Board. 

35.  The  Board  respectfully  counsels  missionaries  that 
when  practicable  and  expedient,  their  children  should  be 
placed  in  the  immediate  charge  of  relatives  or  friends,  in 
order  that  the  Homes  at  Wooster,  Ohio,  provided  through 
the  generosity  of  Christian  friends,  may  be  available  for  those 


20 


who  need  them  most.  These  Homes  are  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  a  Board  of  Managers,  responsible  to  the  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions.  Children  are  admitted  by  a  vote  of  the 
Managers,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  at  a  cost  of  $150 
per  annum,  for  boarding  and  home.  This  amount  is  paid 
through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  In 
any  case,  the  Board  does  not  assume  any  responsibility  for 
missionaries’  children  beyond  doing  everything  in  its  power 
to  aid  the  parents  in  making  satisfactory  arrangements. 

Right  to  Recall. 

36.  The  Board  reserves  the  right  of  recalling  missionaries 
or  of  revoking  their  appointment  for  sufficient  reasons, 
which  are  to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted  to  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Assembly,  with  the  minutes  of  the  Board.  When  the 
usefulness  of  any  missionary  is  open  to  serious  question  on 
the  field  in  which  he  has  been  laboring,  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  Mission  to  make  proper  investigation  and  to  report 
its  judgment  to  the  Board.  (See  §  28.)  After  the  con¬ 
nection  of  missionaries  with  the  Board  has  been  terminated, 
no  payments  of  money  on  their  account  will  be  made  unless 
by  special  agreement. 

THE  PRESBYTERY. 

37.  When  the  Presbyteries  on  the  field  are  organically 
connected  with  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United 
States  of  America,  ministers  should  unite  with  them  as 
soon  as  possible  after  their  arrival,  taking  their  letters 
of  dismissal  from  the  Presbyteries  at  home  with  them 
for  this  purpose. 


38.  The  Presbytery  forms  an  admirable  body  for  the 
supervision  of  common  work,  as  ministers  and  elders,  both 
foreign  and  native,  being  members,  have  equal  rights  and 
privileges.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  to  magnify  the 
Presbytery,  and  to  have  such  parts  of  the  work  committed 
to  its  direction  and  control  as  the  Mission,  with  the  ap¬ 
proval  of  the  Board,  may  deem  wise  from  time  to  time, 
looking  to  the  speedy  establishment  of  a  self-supporting 
and  self-propagating  native  Church. 

THE  MISSION. 

Mission. 

39.  In  general  a  Mission  consists  of  all  foreign  mission¬ 
aries  under  appointment  by  the  Board  within  specified 
territorial  limits.  For  the  transaction  of  business  the  men 
are  regarded  as  constituting  the  administrative  force  of  the 
Mission.  The  women  of  the  Mission,  however,  who 
are  actively  engaged  in  Mission  work  (the  Mission  to 
determine  when  this  condition  is  met)  are  entitled  to  vote 
on  what  is  known  as  Woman's  Work.  Each  Mission  has 
authority,  also,  should  it  so  desire,  to  extend  the  right  of 
voting  on  all  questions  to  the  women  of  the  Mission.  No 
missionary  shall  have  a  right  to  vote  until  after  one  year’s 
service  in  connection  with  the  Mission,  and  until  he  shall 
have  passed  the  language  examinations  appointed  for 
the  first  year.  (^See  §  28.) 

Powers  of  the  Mission. 

40.  The  Mission  has  the  general  care  and  supervision  of 
all  work  within  its  limits.  All  questions  of  policy,  method 
and  expenditure  are  subject  to  its  judgment,  and  all  requests 


22 


requiring  the  action  of  the  Board  should  be  accompanied 
by  the  action  of  the  Mission  upon  them.  Tours  of  explora¬ 
tion  or  any  unusual  work  should  be  undertaken  only  with 
the  advice  of  the  Mission. 

The  Mission  assigns  and  in  general  supervises  the  work  of 
individual  missionaries,  to  the  end  that  all  forms  of  labor 
may  have  the  benefit  of  united  counsel  and  may  promote  the 
interests  of  the  work  as  a  whole.  It  is  proper,  of  course,  that 
the  views  of  all  missionaries  regarding  their  location  and 
work  should  be  heard  and  fully  considered,  and  if  any  mis¬ 
sionary  shall  be  dissatisfied  with  the  action  of  the  Mission, 
an  appeal  to  the  Board  for  final  decision  can  be  made. 

Executive  Committee. 

41.  Any  Mission  may  at  its  annual  meeting  appoint  an  Ex¬ 
ecutive  Committee,  ad  interim,  to  have  authority  to  indorse 
as  approved  any  request  to  the  Board.  All  actions  sub¬ 
mitted  to  this  Committee  must  have  the  approval  of  the 
proper  Station  or  Stations.  (See  §§  48,  50.) 

Mission  Meetings. 

42.  The  Mission  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  and  be 
governed  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  church  judicatories,  so 
far  as  applicable,  and  it  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  its 
proceedings,  copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board 
soon  after  each  meeting.  On  questions  involving  requests 
for  appropriations,  the  expenditure  of  funds  and  the  loca¬ 
tion,  transfer  or  retirement  of  missionaries,  a  two-thirds 
vote  shall  be  required.  In  all  other  cases  a  majority  shall 
decide.  The  traveling  expenses  to  Mission  meetings  shall 
be  met  (unless  under  peculiar  circumstances)  only  for  those 


who  are  voting  members,  and  those  who  hav^e  not  com¬ 
pleted  their  first  year  of  service.  (See  §  39.) 

Literary  Work. 

43.  Literary  work,  such  as  translating  and  the  preparation 
of  religious  and  educational  books,  should  be  undertaken 
only  with  the  consent  or  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission, 
and  by  persons  adjudged  to  be  most  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  the  language.  All  translations  of  the  Scriptures  are  to 
be  governed  by  the  action  of  the  Board  (April  16,  1894)  : 

Inasmuch  as  the  rules  of  both  the  American  Bible  Society 
and  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  authorize  only 
such  deviations  from  the  iexhis  receptiis  as  are  sanctioned 
by  the  English  or  the  American  Revision  Committees  of 
1881,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  these  limitations  and  exceptions  be 
applied  to  all  translations  made  under  the  authority  of  the 
Board;  any  specific  questions  which  may  arise  on  minor 
points  to  be  submitted  to  the  Committee  on  Versions  of  the 
American  Bible  Society. 

Estimates. 

44.  At  the  annual  meeting  the  Mission  shall  prepare  a 
careful  estimate  of  the  probable  necessary  expenses  of  its 
work  for  the  year  beginning  on  the  ist  of  May  following  the 
date  of  annual  meeting.  Where  there  is  more  than  one  Sta¬ 
tion  in  a  Mission,  each  Station  shall  prepare  its  estimates 
to  be  submitted  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Mission  for 
detailed  consideration  and  recommendation,  as  the  Board 
requires  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  on  all  the  estimates  of 
each  Station.  It  is  specie lly  desired  that  in  recommending 
appropriations  for  new  work,  such  as  the  sending  out  of 


24 


new  missionaries,  the  purchase  of  property,  erection  of 
buildings,  etc.,  the  Mission  shall  indicate  the  order  of  their 
importance.  The  estimates  are  to  be  made  in  two  classes: 
the  first  to  embrace  such  current  items  as  are  absolutely 
necessary  to  the  continuance  of  the  work,  such  as  salaries 
and  rents,  allowed  during  the  year  preceding;  the  second 
class,  all  proposed  expenditures  not  embraced  in  the  first 
class.  When  the  estimate  for  any  item  in  the  first  class  is 
increased,  the  increase  should  be  placed  in  the  second  class 
and  only  counted  available  when  the  additional  appropria¬ 
tion  has  been  made. 

The  estimates  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in 
charge  of  the  correspondence,  and  will  be  acted  upon  by 
the  Board  as  promptly  as  possible.  Pending  such  action 
the  Mission  is  authorized  to  proceed  with  all  expenditures 
included  under  the  first  class,  and  the  Treasurer  will  remit 
accordingly,  but  may  not  enter  upon  the  expenditures  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  second  class  without  authority  from  the  Board. 

In  making  these  estimates  the  Mission  will  follow  the 
classification  of  expenditures  as  arranged  by  the  Board  so 
as  to  facilitate  their  prompt  consideration,  and  will  use  the 
estimate  sheets  provided  by  the  Board. 

Each  Station  in  preparing  its  estimates  shall  consult  with 
the  proper  agents  of  the  native  Church  so  as  to  secure  its 
proper  share  in,  and  responsibility  for,  the  support  of  all 
evangelistic  and  educational  work.  The  amount  given  by 
the  native  Church  and  the  amount  of  help  asked  from  the 
Board  shall  be  clearly  stated. 

45.  In  case  any  work  is  partially  supported  by  receipts 
upon  the  field,  the  estimated  receipts  shall  be  carefully 


25 


stated,  and  also  the  estimated  expenses,  and  only  that 
amount  shall  be  asked  which  is  needed  to  meet  the  esti¬ 
mated  deficit.  Should  the  actual  receipts  fall  below  the 
estimated  receipts,  the  Board  will  grant  at  the  close  of 
the  year  whatever  is  needed  to  meet  the  obligations 
authorized  ;  the  Mission  or  Station  Treasurers  to  report 
promptly  any  need  thus  arising.  Should  the  actual  re¬ 
ceipts  exceed  the  estimated  receipts,  the  gain  shall 
accrue  to  the  Treasury  of  the  Board. 

46.  The  appropriations  made  by  the  Board  will  always  be 
in  the  currency  of  the  country  for  which  they  are  made, 
save  in  the  matter  of  missionaries’  salaries  and  children’s 
allowances  and  items  of  expenditure  in  this  country  ;  and 
the  probable  value  of  the  same  in  United  States  currency, 
commonly  added,  is  simply  an  estimate,  by  which  the  Mis¬ 
sions  and  Mission  Treasurers  are  in  no  wise  to  be  guided. 

47.  As  the  Board  must  render  annual  reports  to  the 
Church  of  its  expenditures  on  the  foreign  field,  the  various 
Missions  must  consider  each  year’s  appropriations  as  avail¬ 
able  only  during  the  year  for  which  they  are  made. 

Liberty  of  Transfer. 

48.  Any  Mission  or  Station  is  at  liberty  to  make  necessary 
transfers  in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the  Board, 
within  any  one  class,  except  within  the  following:  “Mis¬ 
sionaries  not  on  Field,”  “  New  Missionaries,”  and  “  New 
Property.”  When  necessary,  transfers  from  one  class  to 
another  may  also  be  made  within  six  months  after  the  ap¬ 
propriations  are  received,  if  approved  by  the  Mission  or 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Mission.  This  provision 
for  transfers  from  class  to  class  does  not  apply  to  classes 


26 


“Missionaries  on  Field,”  “Missionaries  not  on  Field,” 
“New  Missionaries,”  and  “New  Property.” 

In  view  of  the  occurrence  of  such  changes  in  the  appro¬ 
priations  as  are  provided  for  above,  the  Board  will  expect 
from  the  Treasurer  of  the  Mission  or  Station  a  final  and  com¬ 
plete  statement  of  the  newly-distributed  appropriations, 
according  to  the  method  of  classification  and  statement 
followed  in  the  estimate  blanks;  this  final  statement  to  be 
directed  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  and  to  reach  him 
not  later  than  March  ist. 

Special  Appeals. 

49.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should 
be  so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from  the  field  to 
churches.  Sabbath-schools,  societies  or  individuals  for  spe¬ 
cial  gifts.  Such  applications  involve  unjust  discriminations 
in  favor  of  some  Missions  and  missionaries,  subordinate  the 
judgment  of  the  Mission  to  private  judgment,  interfere  with 
the  regular  income  of  the  Board,  and  if  right  for  one  are 
right  for  all,  and  so  militate  against  the  purpose  of  the 
Church  in  the  establishment  of  the  Board.  It  is  hoped  that 
each  missionary  will  aid  in  raising  the  large  amount  required 
for  the  work  formally  recommended  by  the  Missions  and 
approved  by  the  Board. 

Missionaries  are  requested  to  refer  to  the  Secretaries  in 
New  York  all  requests  for  special  objects,  as  such  questions 
are  given  systematic  attention. 

Special  Appropriations. 

50.  After  the  estimates  are  sent  to  the  Board,  special  re¬ 
quests  for  grants  cannot  be  entertained  except  in  extraordi- 


21 


nary  circumstances.  When  such  cases  arise  during  the  year 
calling  for  extra  appropriations,  they  should  be  submitted  to 
the  Mission,  either  at  a  Mission  meeting  or  by  circular  letter, 
— [The  approval  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  any  Mission 
will  be  adequate  when  such  a  committee  exists.  (See  §41)  |  — 
and  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspon¬ 
dence,  with  the  Mission’s  recommendation.  The  blanks 
furnished  for  this  purpose  by  the  Board  should  be  used. 

Supreme  Aim  of  'Work. 

51.  The  great  end  of  missionary  life  and  service  is  the 
preaching  of  Christ  crucified.  All  forms  of  work  must  be 
subordinate  to  this  end,  and  all  methods  of  missionary 
effort,  medical,  educational,  industrial,  etc.,  will  be  sanc¬ 
tioned  and  supported  by  the  Board  only  as  they  contribute 
to  a  wider  and  more  effective  proclamation  of  the  Gospel, 
and  give  promise  of  vital  missionary  results. 

Property. 

52.  No  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  sold,  nor  any  build¬ 
ing  erected  for  the  Board,  without  its  sanction.  None 
of  its  property  is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt. 
All  property  given  or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once 
transferred  to  it,  or  be  held  in  trust  for  it.  Title  deeds  of 
the  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the  way  required 
by  the  government  within  whose  territory  the  Mission  is 
located;  copies  thereof,  with  diagrams  of  land  and  build¬ 
ings,  to  be  sent  to  the  Treasurer  at  New  York.  All  repairs 
on  buildings  shall  be  included  in  the  general  estimates,  and 
no  enlargement  or  alteration  inv^olving  expense  shall  be 
made  without  the  concurrence  of  the  Mission  or  the  Prop. 


28 


erty  Committee,  and,  if  amounting  to  more  than  $100,  the 
sanction  of  the  Board. 

Property  Committee. 

53.  Each  Mission  shall,  at  its  annual  meeting,  appoint  a 
Property  Committee,  without  whose  approval,  in  addition 
to  the  Board’s  appropriation,  no  plans  shall  be  adopted  nor 
any  land  purchased,  and  who  shall  have  general  supervision 
of  the  erection  of  all  buildings.  Copies  of  all  plans  ap¬ 
proved  by  this  committee  shall  be  forwarded  as  soon  as 
possible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Sale  and  Rent. 

54.  Property  not  in  use  and  not  likely  to  be  needed  for 
missionary  purposes  should  be  disposed  of  promptly,  or  as 
soon  as  a  fair  price  can  be  obtained.  Sales  are  to  be  au¬ 
thorized  by  the  Missions  or  Property  Committees  on  terms 
approved  by  them  and  confirmed,  in  cases  of  real  estate,  by 
the  Board.  The  proceeds  of  such  sales  should  be  credited 
to  the  Board  and  reported  at  once.  Where  property  un¬ 
used  by  the  Mission  cannot  be  sold,  it  should  be  rented  as 
advantageously  as  possible  and  the  proceeds  reported  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Printing  Pres.ses. 

55.  No  printing  establishment  or  press  shall  be  erected 
without  the  express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  Board,  and 
no  printing  establishment  of  the  Board  shall  be  used  for 
private  work  or  for  any  missionary  publications  except 
under  authorization  of  the  Mission  ;  and  letters,  tracts,  or 
appeals  printed  at  these  establishments  at  the  expense  of 
the  Board,  with  a  view  to  their  being  sent  to  individuals  or 


29 


communities  in  the  United-  States,  must  have  the  authori¬ 
zation  of  the  Board. 

Statiou. 

56.  A  Station  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries  ap¬ 
pointed  by  the  Board  within  certain  limits  prescribed  by 
the  Mission;  its  voting  members  to  be  determined  by  the 
Mission  in  conformity  with  the  principles  of  §  39.  Each 
Station  shall  have  control  of  the  missionary  work  within 
its  field,  under  the  direction  of  the  Mission.  New  Stations 
can  be  established  only  by  action  of  the  Board,  on  recom¬ 
mendation  of  the  Mission.  The  force  assigned  to  such 
Stations  should,  if  possible,  include  one  missionary  of 
experience. 

Mission  and  Station  Secretaries. 

57.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall  choose  for  itself 
a  Secretary,  to  be  changed  as  seldom  as  possible,  the 
names  to  be  reported  to  the  Board,  whose  duties  shall  be 
to  receive  and  keep  files  of  all  official  correspondence  ad¬ 
dressed  to  Missions  and  Stations,  to  receive  and  distribute 
all  report  forms  and  see  that  they  and  all  minutes  and 
reports  provided  for  in  the  Manual  are  in  proper  form  and 
season  returned  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  corre¬ 
spondence,  to  see  that  all  communications  addressed  to 
Missions  and  Stations  have  proper  reply,  and  to  perform 
such  other  functions  as  shall  be  assigned  by  the  Missions. 
The  above  does  not  apply  to  correspondence  between  the 
Board  and  Mission  and  Station  Treasurers.  (See  §§  48, 
52.  53.  65.) 


3° 


58.  Care  should  be  taken  that  all  official  letters  of  the 
Board  sent  to  the  Missions  be  seen  by  each  missionary. 

Reports. 

59.  Each  Station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the  Mission 
year,  reports,  both  statistical  and  general,  of  the  various 
departments  of  its  work,  and  submit  them  to  the  Mission 
at  the  annual  meeting.  Each  missionary  also  shall  prepare 
a  brief  personal  report  of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year, 
to  be  submitted  to  the  Mission.  All  these  reports  should 
be  reviewed  by  the  Mission  and  forwarded  without  delay 
to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the 
Mission’s  judgment  thereon. 

Letters. 

60.  It  is  expected  that  each  Station  shall  write  a  bi¬ 
monthly  letter  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  corre¬ 
spondence  with  the  Mission,  concerning  the  work  in  its  vari¬ 
ous  departments,  the  members  of  the  Station  discharging 
this  duty  in  turn. 

61.  It  is  desirable  that  individual  missionaries  and  the 
Secretaries  of  the  Board  should  correspond  as  fully  and 
frequently  as  may  be  expedient,  for  mutual  helpfulness  in 
the  prosecution  of  the  work. 

62.  All  correspondence  with  the  officers  of  the  Board 
should  be  on  uniform  paper  furnished  by  the  Board,  the 
writing  to  be  on  one  side  only.  Matters  pertaining  to  the 
respective  departments  of  Secretaries  or  Treasurer  should 

be  forwarded  on  separate  sheets  and  ordinarily  under  sepa¬ 
rate  covers. 


TREASUREES. 


Mission  Treasurer. 

63.  The  Mission  shall  elect  a  Treasurer  at  its  annual 
meeting  or  when  a  vacancy  occurs,  said  Treasurer  to 
assume  his  duties  at  the  time  designated  by  the  Mission  ; 
the  election  to  be  reported  to  the  Board,  and  to  be  subject 
to  its  approval.  It  devolv^es  on  the  Mission  Treasurer 
to  preserve  carefully  all  deeds  of  Mission  property  and 
other  legal  papers  not  transmitted  to  the  Board  (in 
Stations  where  this  is  not  convenient  the  Mission  may 
assign  this  duty  to  the  Station  Treasurer;;  to  keep  in  official 
books,  procured  at  the  Board’s  expense  and  to  be  the  property 
of  the  Board,  clear  and  correct  accounts  of  all  receipts  and 
payments,  and  to  have  vouchers  for  the  latter,  and  to  keep 
files  of  all  official  correspondence  properly  belonging  to  his 
department. (See  §  57.)  His  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspec¬ 
tion  of  any  member  of  the  Mission  at  any  reasonable  timm. 

64.  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board  for 
the  distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mis¬ 
sion,  and  is  responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for 
all  funds  forwarded  by  him,  these  funds  to  be  kept  in  a 
bank  or  other  safe  depository  approved  by  the  Mission. 
No  funds  of  the  Board  shall  be  loaned  under  any  circum¬ 
stances. 

65.  He  is  also  the  agent  of*the  Board  to  enforce  any 
rules  governing  the  use  of  revenue  derived  from  such 
sources  as  tuition  fees,  medical  fees,  press  earnings  and 
premium  on  exchange,  etc.  (See  §§  29,  45,  46,  54.)  Such 
funds  must  be  paid  to  him,  and  be  by  him  reported  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Board. 


32 


66.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  directed  to  remit  to 
each  Mission  Treasurer  the  amount  appropriated  for  his 
Mission  during  the  fiscal  year  of  the  Board,  and  only  that 
amount:  this  to  be  forwarded  regularly,  and  preferably  in 
monthly  instalments  ;  bills  of  exchange  to  be  negotiated  by 
the  Mission  Treasurers  as  necessities  require. 

67.  The  receipt  of  such  remittances  are  to  be  officially 
acknowledged  by  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  for  all  such 
funds  he  must  return  an  annual  report  to  the  Board 
through  its  Treasurer,  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  not 
less  than  two,  appointed  for  such  purpose  by  the  Mission  at 
its  annual  meeting.  This  committee  shall  meet  to  audit  the 
accounts  of  the  Mission  Treasurer  as  soon  as  possible  after 
May  1st  in  each  year. 

68.  In  auditing  the  accounts  the  committee  of  the 
Mission  are  expected  not  only  to  examine  the  footings  and 
vouchers  for  each  payment,  but  also  to  report  whether  the 
disbursements  under  appropriations  were  made  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  vote  of  the  Board. 

69.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time  to 
time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission 
treasuries  with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements  in 
American  gold,  but  the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  Mis¬ 
sion  must  be  rendered  once  each  year. 

70.  The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to  the 
Mission,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but  the  funds 
must  be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  appro¬ 
priations  as  made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed  the 
amount  without  specfel  authority  being  obtained.  (See 
§§  47,  48.) 


33 


Station  Treasurers. 

71.  Station  Treasurers  shall  be  annually  appointed  by 
each  Station,  and  the  name  reported  to  the  Board.  They  are 
the  financial  agents  of  the  Mission  for  their  several  Stations, 
with  powers  and  responsibilities  in  their  respective  spheres, 
similar  to  those  of  Mission  Treasurers.  They  must  submit 
reports  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  as  he  does  to  the  Board 
Treasurer,  such  reports  to  be  open  to  the  inspection  of 
members  of  the  Station,  and  to  be  duly  audited  by  a  com¬ 
mittee  of  the  Station.  (See  §§  48,  63.) 

72.  The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  devise  reasonable  rules 
to  secure  from  Station  Treasurers  proper  accounts,  such 
rules  to  be  approved  by  his  Mission,  and  a  copy  sent  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Purchases  and  Money  Orders. 

73.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make 
purchases  for  the  missionaries  of  the  Board,  but  all  charges, 
including  freight,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  salary  of  the 
missionary.  The  Treasurer  shall  require  such  form  of 
order  for  goods  as  will  bind  the  missionary,  and  may 
require  the  countersignature  of  a  Mission  or  Station 
Treasurer.  These  purchases  are  for  the  Mission  work  and 
for  the  missionaries’  personal  needs,  and  do  not  include 
purchases  for  others  not  directly  associated  with  the 
Missions. 

74.  The  Board’s  Treasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to 
the  field,  funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  mission¬ 
aries,  and  in  turn  pay  upon  authority  funds  transferred  to 
him  by  the  missionaries. 


34 


Such  transfers  will  be  made  under  rules  which  he  may 
make,  but  shall  only  be  made  for  actual  value  received,  and 
shall  not  be  made  by  negotiable  drafts  (payable  through 
banks). 

Emergency  Drafts. 

75.  If  necessity  compels,  the  Mission  Treasurer  may  draw 
on  the  Board’s  Treasurer  at  ten  days’  sight  for  an  amount 
not  to  exceed  the  proportionate  allowance  of  appropria¬ 
tions  for  one  month  but  in  such  event  a  statement  must  be 
at  once  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  setting 
forth  the  emergency. 

Treasurer’s  Annual  Report. 

76.  As  the  Board  for  the  purposes  of  its  Annual  Report 
to  the  General  Assembly  closes  its  books  on  April  30th,  in 
each  year,  the  Treasurer  shall  require  from  the  Mission 
Treasurers  such  reports  as  will  enable  him  to  prepare  his 
report. 

77.  At  the  end  of  the  year  (April  30th),  all  unexpended 
balances  and  unused  appropriations  revert  to  the  Treasury 
of  the  Board.  (See  §§  15,  47,  48.) 

The  Treasurer  is,  however,  authorized  to  allow  proper 
payments  from  the  balance,  if  any,  for  work  actually  done 
during  the  year,  under  the  appropriations  of  that  year, 
though  the  accounts  are  rendered  after  the  year  ends;  and 
the  Mission  may  apply  to  have  any  unused  appropriations 
continued,  in  addition  to  the  appropriations  for  the  next 
year.  But  all  unused  funds  and  unfinished  work  must  be 
reported  at  the  end  of  each  year. 


35 


INDEX. 


Paragraph. 

Accounts — 

Short .  6q 

Annual .  69 

Of  returning  Missionaries. .. .  22 

Aim  of  Work,  Supreme .  51 

Appointments — 

General  Requirements .  1 

Revocation  of .  36 

Applications — 

Ordained .  2 

Medical .  3 

Laymen .  3 

Single  Women .  4 

Wives  of  Missionaries .  5 

Appropriations — 

Application  to  continue .  77 

In  currency  of  the  country. . .  46 

Lapse  at  end  of  year . 47  ;  77 

Limited  to  amount  voted .  66 

Request  for,  to  be  accompa¬ 
nied  by  Mission  action  .42;  44;  50 

Test  of .  51 

To  be  sent  regularly .  66 

Transfer  of .  48 

Special .  50 

Unfinished  work .  77 

Available  only  during  year...  47 

Assignment  to  Field .  8 

Audit— 

Duties  of  Auditors . 68  ;  71 

Baggage — 

Allowance  of .  12 

Board — 

Introduction . I  „ 

Function  of . f  3 

Right  to  recall  Missionaries..  36 
Bills  of  Exchange — 

To  be  negotiated  as  necessi¬ 
ties  require .  66 

Buildings — See  Property. 
Candidates— See  Applications. 

Interview  with  officers .  7 

Charter — Pages  5,  6. 

Children— 


Allowances  of .  33 

Journey  to  and  from  field ... .  34 

Care  of,  in  United  States .  35 

Account  of,  to  be  closed  at 

end  of  fiscal  year . .  15 

Freight  allowance .  20 

Designation  of  Field _ _  8 

Drafts — Emergency .  74 

Estimates — 

General  Rules .  44 


Where  work,  partially  sup- 


Paragraph. 


ported  by  receipts  from 

field .  45 

To  be  in  currency  of  country  46 
Deficit  in,  in  certain  cases... .  45 

Share  of  native  church .  44 

Executive  Committee. ... 41  ;  48;  50 

Fieid — Designation  of .  8 

Freight — 

Going  to  field .  12 

Returning  from  field .  20 

Return  to  field .  20 

Funds — 

Emergency  drafts .  75 

Mission  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Board .  64 

Station  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Mission. .  71 

General  control  of,  in  hands 

of  Mission .  70 

Not  to  be  loaned .  64 

Receipt  of,  to  be  acknowl¬ 
edged .  67 

Bills  of  Exchange  to  be  nego¬ 
tiated  as  necessities  require  66 
Mission  Treasurer,  responsi¬ 
ble  for .  64 

Furloughs — 

After  seven  or  eight  years...  17 

Duration  of .  18 

Extension  of .  25 

To  be  spent  in  U.  S .  19 

Route  to  be  to  U.  S.  direct...  20 
Freight  and  baggage  allow¬ 
ance  .  20 


Missionaries  on,  to  bring  ac¬ 
count .  22 

Missionaries  on,  report  at 

New  York .  22 

Missionaries  on,  report 

Home  Address .  22 

Home  Allowance — 

Amount  Paid .  23 

Special  Grant  .  23 

Individual  Work.  .  . . 29;  40 

Interview  with  Officers .  7 

Introduction . Page  3 

Journey — 

Expenses  Paid  by  Board .  12 

:  Route,  Freight,  &c .  12 

I  Excess  Baggage .  12 

j  Literary  Work  .  43 

I  Language — 

Knowledge  of  the  Vernacular  28 

I  Examinations  at  end  of  ist 

1  and  2d  Year,,,..,,.,,..!,,,  ?8 


36 


Paragraph. 

Letters  and  Correspondence — 

Form  and  address .  62 

From  Missionaries .  61 

“  Stations  Bi-Monthly...  60 
“  Board  to  be  read  by  all  58 

Medical  Expenses .  27 

Medical  Missionaries — 

Applications .  3 

Mission  Physicians .  27 

Medical  Attendance  and  Al¬ 
lowance  .  27 

Receipts  for  Work  on  Field. .  29 

Testimonials  Required .  3 

Outfit .  10 

Mission — 

Defined  .  39 

Vote  in .  39 

Powers  of .  40 

To  hear  views  of  missiona¬ 
ries  as  to  location  and  work  40 

To  Appoint  Treasurer  .  63 

“  “  Secretary .  57 

To  Report  name  of  Secretary 

to  Board .  57 

To  appoint  Property  Com¬ 
mittee .  53 

May  appoint  Executive  Com¬ 
mittee .  41 

Has  general  control  of  funds 
with  certain  restrictions.. 47  ;  70 
To  review  reports  from  Sta¬ 
tions  or  individuals  and  for¬ 
ward  to  Board .  59 

Power  to  transfer  appropria¬ 
tions  defined .  48 

To  make  estimates .  44 

To  fix  time  of  departure  on 

furlough .  18 

Approval  of  requests  for  ap¬ 
propriations  necessary.  ..41 ;  50 
Mission  Meetings — 

When  held .  42 

Minutes  to  be  kept  and  copy 

sent  to  Board . 42;  57 

Majority  Vote  to  decide .  42 

Two-thirds  Vote  required  on 

questions  of  finance .  42 

Who  to  attend .  42 

All  to  be  heard .  40 

Appeal  to  Board  from .  40 

Making  estimates .  44 

“  “  in  cases  of 


partial  support .  45 

Mission  Treasurer — 

Election  of  .  63 

Custodian  of  Property  and 

Funds .  63 

Duties  of .  63 

Accounts  of .  63 

Agent  of  Board  for  distribu¬ 
tion  of  Funds .  64 


To  enforce  Rules. .65  ;  72 


Paragraph. 


To  collect  Revenues .  65 

To  negotiate  Bills  of  Ex¬ 
change  as  necessities  re¬ 
quire .  66 

To  acknowledge  remittances.  67 
To  make  annual  report  to 

Board .  67 

To  make  statements  of  treas¬ 
ury  when  required .  69 

To  make  rules  for  Station 

T  reasurers .  72 

To  report  in  certain  cases. ...  45 

“  “  transfer  of  appro¬ 
priations .  48 

Money  Orders — 

Not  by  drafts . . 74 

New  Stations — 

How  established .  56 

Okficial  Letters— 

P'orm  and  address .  62 

To  be  read  by  all .  58 

Duty  of  Secretaries .  57 

Outfit — 

Allowance .  9 

Equitable  return .  11 

Furniture  purchased  on,  be¬ 
longs  to  Board .  1 1 

Lists  of,  for  various  Fields..  9 

Medical .  9 

Must  be  drawn  within  year. .  9 

No  second  outfit .  9 

Use  of .  9 

Outside  Work — 

Remuneration  for .  29 

Must  have  express  sanction . .  29 

Passports .  13 

Pen'^ions —  30 

Laymen .  32 

Ministerial  relief .  31 

“  “  for  women..  32 

Presbytery— 

Testimonials  from  applicants  2 
Missionaries  advised  to  join.  37 

Supervision  by .  38 

On  the  Field . 37  ;  38 

Property — 

Not  to  be  purchased  or  sold 
without  sanction  of  the 

Board .  52 

No  building  to  be  erected 

without  same  sanction .  52 

Not  to  be  mortgaged  or  as¬ 
signed  for  debt  .  52 

To  be  in  name  of  Board  or 

in  trust  for  it .  52 

Deeds  of,  to  be  recorded...  .  52 

Copies  of  deeds,  and  dia¬ 
grams  of  land  and  build¬ 
ings  to  be  sent  to  Treasurer 

of  the  Board .  52 

Repairs .  52 

Committee,  Powers  of,  <&c. . .  53 


37 


Paragraph, 


Not  in  use,  to  be  sold  or 

rented .  54 

Proceeds  to  be  reported  at 

once .  54 

Building  plans,  copies  to  be 

sent  to  Board .  53 

Purchasing  Orders — 

Lien  on  salary .  73 

Form  may  be  required .  73 

Only  for  Mission  work  or 
missionaries  personally. .. .  73 

Printing  Presses — 

Rules  for  erection  and  car¬ 
rying  on  of .  55 

Recall — 

Right  of  Board  to .  36 

Relief  Fund — 

For  Laymen  and  Women ... .  32 

“  Ordained  Missionaries. ..  31 

No  Pensions .  30 

Repori  s — 

Mission .  59 

Station .  59 

Personal .  59 

Mission  Treasurers,  45  ;  63  ; 

. 65  ;  67  ;  69  ;  76 

Mission  Treasurer’s  Special. .  69 

Station  Treasurers . 48  ;  71 

Station  letters .  60 

General  letters .  61 

Of  emergency  drafts .  75 

Of  proceeds  of  sale  or  rental 

of  property .  54 

Of  transfer  of  appropria¬ 
tions .  48 

Annual  of  Board .  76 

“  “  Treasurer  of  Board  76 

Return — 

From  field,  direct .  20 

To  field  after  furlough .  20 

Freight,  baggage,  &c  ,  on. . .  20 

On  arrival,  report  to  Mission 

House .  22 

On  arrival,  report  to  Home 

Address .  22 

Salaries — 

On  Field .  14 

Begin .  15 

Payable  Monthly .  15 

WifeinU.  S .  14 

Widow  or  widower .  16 

Account  to  be  closed  at  end 

of  fiscal  year .  15 

Self-Support . 38  ;  44 

Special  Objects — 

Requests  for,  to  be  referred 

to  Board .  49  . 

Appeals  to  public  for,  not 

desirable .  49 

No  effort  to  be  made  to  se¬ 
cure  funds  for  any  object 
not  approved  by  Board. ...  24 


Paragraph. 


Stations — 

Definition  of .  56 

Powers  of .  56 

To  appoint  Treasurer,  and 

report  to  Board .  71 

To  appoint  Secretary,  and 

report  to  Board .  57 

New,  how  established .  56 

Reports  of .  59 

Bi-Monthly  letter  from .  60 

Power  to  Transfer  Appropri¬ 
ations  .  48 

To  Prepare  Estimates .  44 

“  Consult  Native  Church. . .  44 

Station  Secretary— 

To  be  chosen  .  57 

Duties  of .  57 

Name  of,  to  be  reported  to 

Board .  57 

Station  Treasurer — 

To  be  appointed  annually..  71 
Name  of,  to  be  reported  to 

Board .  71 

Power  of .  71 

Rules  governing .  72 

Reports  of  . 48  ;  71 

Term  of  Service .  17 

Furloughs .  17 

Leave  of  Absence .  17 

TeS  riMONIALS — 

General .  i 

Ordained  Missionaries .  2 

Medical .  3 

Single  women,  including  phy¬ 
sicians  .  4 

Wives  of  Missionaries .  5 

To  be  full,  private  and  confi¬ 
dential  .  6 

Unordained  men  other  than 

medical .  3 

Transfer  of  Appropriations...,  48 
Translations — 

To  be  undertaken  only  with 

consent  of  Mission .  43 

Of  Scriptures,  Rule  for .  43 

Treasurers — See  Mission,  and 
Station  Treasurers. 

Treasurer  Reports — 

Required  from  Mission  Treas¬ 


urer.  .  .45  ;  48  ;  63  ;  65 ;  67  ;  69  ;  76 
Required  from  Station  Treas¬ 


urer . 48 ;  71 

Required  from  Board  Treas¬ 
urer . 76 

Unfinished  Work .  77 

Vacations  on  the  Field .  26 

Work  at  Home — 

Traveling  expenses  of .  24 

Withdrawal  from  Service — 

Allowances  on . 31  ;  32 


4 


MANUAL 

OF  THE 

BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS 

OF  THE 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND  MISSIONARY 

CANDIDATES 


REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE' BOARD,  AND  APPROVED 
BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


NEW  YORK 


1' 

i 

,  I 


MANUAL 


OF  THE 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions 


OF  THE 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 
IN  THE  U.  S.  A. 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND  MISSIONARY 

CANDIDATES 


REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD,  AND 
APPROVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


Presbyterian  Building 

NEW  YORK 

1904 


3r* 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  appointed  by  the  General 
Assembly,  and  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  organizing  and  super¬ 
intending  the  work  of  disseminating  the  Gospel  in  heathen  and 
unevangelized  lands.  It  is  not  an  ecclesiastical  body.  An  im¬ 
portant  part  of  its  work  is  the  selecting  and  commissioning  of 
suitable  persons  to  labor  as  missionaries  in  the  foreign  field. 
For  such  persons,  as  well  as  for  the  Board  itself  and  missionaries 
already  under  commission,  the  following  pages  are  intended. 

This  Manual  is  not  a  contract  and  the  Board  reserves  the  right 
to  modify  or  change  it  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board  at  any 
time  may  seem  wise. 

The  Manual  does  not  embrace  general  questions  of  missionary 
policy  and  administration.  These  are  treated  in  other  publications 
of  the  Board  and  at  the  annual  conferences  with  new  missionaries. 

Experience  has  shown  that  confusion  and  misunderstanding 
may  arise  from  neglect  of  the  Manual  and  missionaries  are 
earnestly  advised  to  familiarize  themselves  with  it  thoroughly, 
and  to  keep  a  copy  of  it  at  hand  for  constant  reference. 

The  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  work  are  entitled  to 
the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  affections  of  all  who  en¬ 
gage  in  it.  Applicants  for  appointment  as  missionaries  should 
set  before  their  minds  the  authority,  glory  and  grace  of  Christ, 
and  the  honor  of  His  name  in  the  salvation  of  souls  as  their 
great  aim.  They  should  offer  their  services  in  the  work  of  spread¬ 
ing  the  Gospel,  under  a  sense  of  being  divinely  called  to  it,  and 
they  should  seek  their  reward  in  our  blessed  Lord’s  approval. 
For  His  sake  they  should  be  willing  to  make  sacrifices,  to  meet 
with  hardships  and  to  endure  privations.  For  His  sake  they 
should  consent  to  suffer  the  want  of  congenial  society  if  neces¬ 
sary,  and  be  willing  to  accept  a  life  of  steady,  unnoticed  labor. 


3 


expecting  to  continue  therein  until  death,  and  looking  for  rest 
and  reward  in  the  world  to  come.  In  these  and  similar  purposes, 
endeavors  and  hopes,  they  and  all  the  friends  of  missions,  stand 
together  in  mutual  sympathy.  And  it  must  ever  be  deeply  felt 
that  harmonious  and  pleasant  relations  and  co-operation,  both 
among  missionaries  themselves  and  between  them  and  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Board  and  its  executive  officers,  depend  far  less  on 
formal  rules  than  on  their  common  experience  of  divine  grace — 
the  grace  which  inspires  forbearance,  meekness  and  Christian 
love.  It  is  not  in  any  undervaluing  of  these  high  views,  there¬ 
fore,  that  this  Manual  is  restricted  chiefly  to  the  business  relations 
of  the  Board  and  the  missionaries. 


4 


MANUAL. 


APPOINTME.NT  OF  MISSIONARIES. 
General  Requirements. 

1.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are  expected 
to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to  health,  Christian 
experience,  etc.,  provided  for  candidates,  and  to  undergo  a  medi¬ 
cal  examination  by  the  family  physician,  and,  when  deemed  neces¬ 
sary,  by  a  physician  designated  by  the  Board.  Also  in  a  letter  of 
application  to  state  briefly:  their  religious  history;  motives  for 
desiring  to  engage  in  the  work  of  foreign  missions ;  choice  of 
field,  if  any,  with  reasons  for  the  same ;  experience  in  active 
Christian  service;  whether  they  expect  to  go  married  or  single; 
and  to  furnish  any  other  information  which  the  Board  ought  to 
have,  bearing  upon  their  appointment. 

It  is  most  desirable  that  those  appointed  as  missionaries  should 
have  the  same  general  qualifications  which  make  a  Christian 
worker  useful  and  successful  at  home ;  that  they  should  have 
been  approved  as  winners  of  souls,  and  that  they  should  possess 
deep  piety  of  life  and  spiritual  power.  Names  should  be  furnished 
of  those  who  can  speak  of  the  candidate’s  qualifications  in  these 
regards. 

The  Board  will  not  commission  men  with  children,  save  in  ex¬ 
ceptional  circumstances. 

Ordained  Missionaries. 

2.  In  addition  to  this,  those  seeking  appointment  as  ordained 
missionaries  will  be  required  to  furnish  testimonials  from  their 
college  and  seminary  professors,  or  something  equivalent,  as  to 
their  literary  and  theological  attainments;  also  recommendations 
from  their  Presbyteries  as  to  their  standing  and  qualifications 
for  missionary  work.  Without  such  recommendation  of  Presby¬ 
tery,  no  ordained  missionary  will  be  commissioned.  It  is  ex- 


5 


pected  that  such  candidates  should  have  had  some  experience  in 
personal  evangelistic  efdort. 

Medical  Missionaries. 

3.  Those  desiring  appointment  as  medical  missionaries  (both 
men  and  women),  in  addition  to  the  general  requirements  and 
qualifications  specified  in  §  i,  must  furnish  testimonials,  es¬ 
pecially  from  the  pastor  or  session  of  the  church  to  which  they 
belong,  as  to  their  Christian  character,  soundness  in  the  faith 
and  adaptation  to  missionary  work;  also  recommendations  from 
competent  persons,  such  as  their  teachers,  as  to  their  literary 
qualifications,  and  from  their  medical  professors  and  others  as 
to  their  professional  attainments. 

Unordained  men,  other  than  medical  missionaries,  applying 
for  appointment,  are  required  to  furnish  similar  testimonials, 
except  the  certificate  of  professional  qualifications;  especially  let¬ 
ters  bearing  upon  their  qualifications  for  the  form  of  jnissionary 
work  proposed. 

Single  Women. 

4.  Single  women,  including  physicians,  ought  in  all  ordinary 
cases  to  make  their  application  for  appointment  through  the 
Women’s  Society  or  Board  within  whose  territory  they  reside. 
Such  applicants  are  expected  to  furnish  the  information  required 
in  §  I,  and  recommendations  as  to  their  literary  qualifications, 
Christian  character,  soundness  in  the  faith,  practical  experience 
in  Christian  work,  aptness  to  teach  the  Bible,  and  adaptation  to  the 
form  of  missionary  work  contemplated. 

Single  women  who  are  candidates  for  appointment  as  mis¬ 
sionaries  are  informed  that  it  is  earnestly  recommended : 

1.  That  they  will  not  marry  within  the  circle  of  the  Board’s 
Missions  in  less  than  three  years  from  the  date  of  their  arrival 
on  the  field ;  and  that  they  will  not  marry  outside  the  Board’s 
Missions  in  less  than  five  years  from  said  date. 

2.  That  single  women  who  are  appointed  as  medical  mission¬ 
aries  will  not  marry,  either  within  or  outside  the  Board’s  Mis¬ 
sions,  in  less  than  five  years,  from  the  date  of  their  arrival  on 
the  field. 


6 


The  Wives  of  Missionaries. 

S-  The  wives  of  missionaries  are  regarded  as  associate  mission¬ 
aries,  uniting  with  their  husbands  in  desire  and  effort  to  give 
the  Gospel  to  the  unevangelized.  It  is  expected  that,  so  far  as  is 
consistent  with  their  strength  and  household  duties,  they  will 
learn  the  language  and  talfe  part  in  missionary  work.  Wives 
of  men  seeking  appointment,  or  women  expecting  to  become 
wives  of  missionaries,  are  expected  in  a  personal  letter  to  give 
some  account  of  their  religious  experience  and  their  interest 
in  the  cause  of  foreign  missions ;  also  to  furnish  satisfactory  tes¬ 
timonials  as  to  their  Christian  character  (usually  from  the  pas¬ 
tor  or  session  of  the  church  with  which  they  are  connected),  their 
experience  in  Christian  work,  and  the  educational  advantages 
they  have  enjoyed;  also  to  answer  the  series  of  personal  ques¬ 
tions  and  .to  undergo  the  medical  examination  provided  for  in 
§  I. 

Testimonials. 

6.  Justice  and  kindness  alike'  require  that  in  all  cases  testi¬ 
monials  be  full,  discriminating  and  impartial.  They  should  be 
sent  directly  to  the  Board  by  those  writing  them,  and  if  desired 
will  be  regarded  as  private  and  confidential. 

Interview  with  Officers. 

7.  It  is  required  that  applicants  for  appointment  shall  per¬ 
sonally  meet  one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries  whenever  possible, 
so  that  in  addition  to  the  statements  and  testimonials  furnished 
there  may  be  the  advantage  of  a  personal  interview.  It  is  be¬ 
lieved  that  this  will  furnish  an  additional  bond  of  sympathy  and 
mutual  interest.  In  the  case  of  single  women  it  is  required  that 
they  shall  meet  some  of  the  officers  of  the  Women’s  Society  or 
Board  to  which  they  naturally  belong  and  whenever  possible, 
one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries. 

A  conference  for  new  missionaries  is  held  annually  at  the 
rooms  of  the  Board,  and  unless  specially  excused  all  new  mis¬ 
sionaries  under  appointment  are  expected  to  be  present. 


7 


Designation  of  Field. 

8.  Designation  of  field  is  frequently  made  at  a  time  subsequent 
to  the  time  of  appointment.  In  making  this  designation  the 
preference  of  the  candidate  is  always  considered.  So  far  as  prac¬ 
ticable,  care  is  taken  to  assign  persons  to  the  field  for  which  they 
seem  to  be  best  fitted,  and  where  they  will  be  likely  to  accomplish 
most  in  the  service  of  Christ.  Assignment  is  usually  to  a  Mis¬ 
sion,  but  may  be  to  a  Station  or  to  a  specific  work.  New  mis¬ 
sionaries  are  expected  to  comply  with  all  the  regulations  of  the 
Mission  and  Station  to  which  they  may  be  assigned. 

Outfit. 

9.  Wherever  possible,  without  a  severe  tax  on  the  families  of 
outgoing  missionaries,  it  is  desirable  that  the  outfit  be  provided 
without  drawing  on  the  Board’s  treasury.  Where  this  cannot 
be  done,  the  following  grants  are  made,  in  whole  or  in  part,  as 
may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  missionaries  under  appointment : 

To  an  unmarried  missionary  . . $200 

To  a  man  and  his  wife . $4oo 

except  where,  by  vote  of  the  Mission  and  approval  of  the  Board, 
smaller  grants  may  be  agreed  upon. 

The  outfit  allowance  is  to  be  used  only  for  proper  expenses, 
and  is  payable  within  three  months  of  the  time  of  departure  to 
the  field,  and  not  after  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  unless  other¬ 
wise  specially  arranged. 

Outfit  lists,  indicating  articles  most  needed  on  the  field,  have 
been  prepared  by  the  several  Missions,  copies  of  which  will  be 
sent  to  the  persons  appointed,  according  to  the  designation  of 
field. 

As  a  rule  no  second  outfit  is  allowed. 

Medical  Outfit. 

10.  There  will  be  provided  for  a  medical  missionary,  whenever 
necessary  an  allowance  not  to  exceed  $150,  for  the  purchase  of  a 
surgical  outfit.  On  withdrawal  of  missionary  physici.ans  from 
connection  with  the  Board,  all  such  outfits  shall  be  reported  to 
the  Board  and  turned  over  to  the  Station  Treasurers  to  be  held 
subject  to  the  Board’s  instructions. 


8 


On  the  removal  of  a  medical  missionary  from  one  Station  to 
another  the  medical  outfit  shall  remain  for  the  successor,  unless 
the  medic;^!  work  is  to  be  closed  or  unless  there  is  no  outfit  at 
the  Station  to  which  removal  is  made. 

Return  of  Outfit. 

1 1.  Should  a  missionary  retire  from  the  field  after  a  service 
of  three  years  or  less,  for  any  other  cause  than  that  of  failure 
of  health,  it  is  expected  that  an  equitable  return  of  the  outfit 
allowance  will  be  made  to  the  Board,  due  regard  being  had  to 
the  expenses  incurred  and  services  rendered.  All  furniture  pur¬ 
chased  with  the  outfit  allowance  will  be  regarded  as  the  property 
of  the  Board. 

The  Journey. 

12.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from  the  home 
of  the  missionary  to  his  Station  by  a  direct  route.  Should  any 
missionary  wish  to  deviate  from  this  direct  route  and  there  be 
no  reason  to  the  contrary,  he  shall  receive  a  sum  equal  to  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  the  direct  journey  as  estimated  by  the  Board  at  the 
time.  The  expense  is  based  upon  the  shortest  and  least  ex¬ 
pensive  route,  and  is  not  intended  to  include  items  of  emergency 
beyond  those  incident  to  delays  from  disarranged  service.  In 
case  of  deviation  from  the  direct  route  or  delays,  the  additional 
expense  of  which  is  assumed  by  the  missionary,  the  time  thus 
consumed  will  be  taken  into  consideration  in  fixing  the  date  at 
which  home  allowance  shall  begin. 

The  Board  pays  freight  and  customs  duties  to  Missions  out¬ 
side  of  the  United  States  within  reasonable  limits  and  not  on 
more  than  is  included  in  the  regular  freight  and  baggage  allow¬ 
ance.  The  freight  allowance  for  new  missionaries  is  two  meas¬ 
ured  tons  for  a  single  missionary,  and  four  tons  for  a  married 
missionary,  except  as  may  be  determined  by  special  action  of  the 
Board. 

Each  missionary  is  allowed  lOO  pounds  of  baggage  in  excess  of 
the  amount  carried  free  by  the  railroads,  from  his  home  to  the 
place  of  embarkation.  The  usual  allowance  on  steamers  is  250 
or  300  pounds.  On  these  points  specific  instructions  will  be  fur- 


9 


nished  after  designation  of  field.  A  Travel  Manual  is  provided, 
containing  further  instructions  as  to  travel. 

Passports. 

13.  Passports  are  not  absolutely  necessary  for  all  countries. 
As  exigencies  may  arise  in  any  foreign  country,  however,  when 
a  passport  would  be  of  service,  all  missionaries  are  instructed  to 
procure  them.  A  blank  for  this  purpose  will  be  forwarded  to 
persons  under  appointment  when  their  field  is  designated. 

MISSIONARIES  AND  THEIR  WORK. 
Salary. 

14.  The  salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  countries 
according  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  determined  by  the 
Board  after  correspondence  with  the  Missions.  The  general  idea 
on  which  they  are  fixed  is  that  of  giving  a  comfortable  support 
to  the  missionaries  while  they  continue  under  commission  of  the 
Board  on  the  Mission  field.  Usually  a  house  is  provided  or  house 
rent  paid,  a  salary  to  a  married  man,  with  an  allowance  for  each 
child  under  eighteen  years  of  age,  one-half  of  the  salary  of  a 
married  man  to  one  unmarried,  (with  exceptions  in  some  Mis¬ 
sions  where  the  necessities  of  a  comfortable  support  require  more) 
and  to  a  single  woman  one-half  of  the  salary  of  a  married  mis¬ 
sionary.  To  a  missionary  remaining  at  his  post  while  his  wife 
returns  to  this  country,  the  salary  of  an  unmarried  missionary  is 
allowed. 

In  case  of  a  married  missionary  or  child  the  full  salary  or 
allowance  shall  be  continued  to  the  end  of  the  month,  but  in  the 
case  of  an  unmarried  missionary,  either  man  or  woman,  the 
salary  shall  cease  with  death. 

15.  The  salary  begins  as  a  rule  on  the  arrival  of  missionaries 
at  their  Stations,  and  ends  when  they  leave  their  Stations  on  their 
return  to  this  country,  or  on  the  termination  of  their  connection 
with  the  Board.  Salaries  shall  be  paid  to  the  missionaries  at  the 
end  of  each  month,  so  far  as  practicable,  and  all  such  accounts 
must  be  closed  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  April  30th. 


10 


16.  In  the  case  of  a  missionary  left  a  widower  with  children 
and  keeping  house,  and  of  a  widow  similarly  situated,  the  salary 
shall  be  specially  arranged  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances. 

Term  of  Service  and  Furloughs. 

17.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  service  for 
LIFE,  if  the  Lord  will.  Occasional  furloughs,  however,  are  in 
complete  accord  with  such  service.  The  change  afforded  tends  to 
preserve  or  restore  the  health  and  energies  of  the  missionaries, 
and  their  presence  in  the  churches  at  home  increases  interest 
in  Mission  work. 

A  few  familiar  and  well-established  principles  should  be  kept 
in  mind : 

First — Missionaries  live  and  work  amid  conditions  which  are 
not  only  trying  to  health,  but  which  involve  peculiar  nervous 
strain.  It  is  therefore  not  only  desirable,  but  necessary,  that  they 
should  have  occasional  furloughs  in  the  United  States  for  pur¬ 
poses  of  physical  recuperation,  mental  change  and  spiritual 
reinvigoration. 

Second — The  frequency  with  which  said  furloughs  should  be 
taken  varies  with  the  degree  of  isolation,  the  healthfulness  of  the 
climate  and  the  vigor  of  the  missionary,  there  being  wide  differ¬ 
ences  in  these  respects  which  make  any  rigid  and  uniform  term 
of  doubtful  expediency. 

Third — While  the  Board  can  establish  the  approximate  term 
of  service  for  the  country,  there  is  force  in  the  suggestion  which 
has  come  from  the  field,  that  the  Mission  itself  can  best 
determine  the  precise  limits  for  the  individual  missionary,  as  it 
is  more  conversant  with  the  physical  condition  of  the  individual 
and  with  the  work  which  will  be  affected  by  his  departure. 

Fourth — The  vastness  of  the  field  and  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  the  laborers,  the  urgent  importance  of  every  avail¬ 
able  missionary  being  at  his  post,  the  serious  interference  with 
the  w'ork  which  furloughs  necessitate,  and  the  additional  bur¬ 
dens  which  they  lay  upon  already  overworked  colleagues,  as  well 
as  their  costliness,  and  the  criticism,  however  unwarranted,  which 
they  frequently  cause  in  this  country,  render  it  desirable  that  the 
furloughs  should  be  limited  to  the  reasonable  necessities  of  each 


II 


case.  It  is  believed  that  increased  facilities  for  intercommunica¬ 
tion,  and  the  extension  of  the  conveniences  of  civilization,  make 
the  lot  of  the  missionary  more  tolerable  than  it  was  a  generation 
ago,  and  that  in  these  circumstances  it  is  not  unreasonable  to 
expect  that  the  tendency  should  be  toward  a  lengthened  rather 
than  toward  a  shortened  term  of  service. 

For  the  Mexico  Mission  in  ordinary  cases,  missionaries  after 
a  period  of  at  least  ten  years’  continuous  service  on  the  field, 
may,  with  the  consent  of  the  Mission,  return  to  the  United  States 
on  furlough,  the  same  principle  to  hold  good  in  the  case  of  sin¬ 
gle  women. 

For  the  Guatemala,  Colombia  (except  Barranquilla),  Chili, 
Southern  Brazil  Missions,  the  term  shall  be  at  least  nine  years; 
for  Peking,  East  and  West  Shantung,  Korea,  Syria,  Eastern 
and  Western  Japan,  Canton,  Central  China,  Hainan,  Lodiana, 
Eurrukhabad,  Western  India,  East  and  West  Persia  and  Central 
Brazil  the  term  shall  be  at  least  eight  years.  For  the  Siam,  Laos 
and  Philippine  Missions,  and  the  Barranquilla  Station  of  the 
Colombia  Mission,  at  least  six  years,  and  for  the  West  Africa 
Mission,  at  least  four  years. 

A  missionary  is  not  to  assume  that  he  is  to  take  a  furlough  at 
the  expiration  of  the  minimum  term  of  service  for  his  Mission, 
irrespective  of  his  physical  condition  and  the  needs  of  the  work, 
but  if  he  completes  tliat  term  of  service  in  the  possession  of  good 
health  he  is  to  remain  for  a  longer  period,  the  Mission  deter¬ 
mining  the  question  as  to  whether  he  shall  return  to  the  United 
States  and  at  what  time,  the  rule  and  expectation  being  that  the 
term  of  service  shall-  approximate  a  longer  period.  Inasmuch  as 
the  Board  makes  exceptions  in  the  case  of  missionaries  whose 
health  requires  it,  it  is  felt  that  no  hardship  is  involved  in  thus 
lengthening  the  general  term.  The  hope  is  also  expressed  that 
special  care  will  be  taken  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  Para¬ 
graph  i8  of  the  Manual,  and  that  when  risks  of  climate  interfere 
with  the  return  at  the  exact  termination  of  the  term  of  years 
determined  upon  in  accordance  with  the  above  principles,  there 
will  be  thoughtful  consideration  whether  the  requisite  relief  can 
not  be  obtained  by  shortening  rather  than  lengthening  the  fur¬ 
lough. 


12 


The  Board  would  impress  upon  the  Missions  the  importance  of 
their  inserting  provision  for  anticipated  furloughs  in  their  an¬ 
nual  estimates.  As  special  appropriations  cannot  be  made  except 
in  cases  of  health  emergency,  a  failure  to  incorporate  travelling 
expenses  in  the  estimates  will  ordinarily  be  considered  an  ade¬ 
quate  reason  for  deferring  a  furlough  till  the  following  year. 

The  following  special  rules  for  particular  Missions  shall  apply 
to  the  Missions  designated: 

In  the  case  of  the  Persia,  Central  China,  Japan,  Canton  and 
Hainan  Missions,  when  the  missionaries  are  able  to  leave  their 
stations  in  July, and  leave  the  United  States  for  return  to  the  field 
in  August,  they  shall  be  allowed  to  leave  in  the  July  preceding 
the  fall  in  which  their  term  of  service  would  expire,  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  preceding  principles  as  to  the  minimum  number 
of  years  and  the  required  judgment  of  the  Mission.  When  they 
must  leave  the  field  earlier  than  July,  they  shall  be  allowed  to  do 
so  as  late  as  is  prudent  in  the  spring  or  summer  succeeding  the 
fall  in  which  their  term  of  service  would  expire,  in  accordance 
with  the  preceding  principles  as  to  the  minimum  number  of  years 
and  the  required  judgment  of  the  Mission,  and  the  length  of  the 
furlough  in  such  cases  shall  be  extended  so  as  to  enable  them  to 
do  this  and  return  in  the  proper  season  of  the  year  at  the  expir¬ 
ation  of  the  furlough,  the  furlough  in  such  cases,  however, 
not  to  exceed  at  the  most  fifteen  months. 

For  the  three  India  Missions,  that  the  time  for  leaving  the 
field  on  regular  furlough  in  these  missions  be  about  the  first  of 
April  following  the  completion  of  the  full  term  of  service  (as 
determined  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing  principles),  and  that 
the  time  for  leaving  the  United  States  in  returning  to  India  after 
the  furlough  be  about  the  middle  of  September  of  the  following 
year,  the  date  of  the  departure  from  the  field  to  be  fixed  by  the 
Mission  in  accordance  with  Paragraph  i8  of  the  Manual. 

For  Mexico,  Guatemala  and  Colombia  (save  Barranquilla), 
that  an  option  be  given  as  between  a  furlough  of  one  year  after 
a  service  of  not  less  than  ten  years  in  the  case  of  Mexico  and  nine 
years  in  the  case  of  Guatemala  and  Colombia,  or  of  six  months 
after  a  service  of  not  less  than  five  years,  the  usual  home  allow- 


( 


13 


ance  to  be  paid,  but  in  case  of  the  six  months’  furlough,  one-half 
of  the  travelling  allowance  shall  be  made. 

In  cases  where  a  missionary  shall  have  been  on  the  field  longer 
than  the  usual  term,  and  his  wife  for  a  period  shorter  than  the 
term,  or  vice  versa,  it  shall  be  allowable  to  fix  the  minimum  term 
of  service  at  a  medium  or  average  point  for  the  two. 

The  Board  cannot  assume  the  responsibility  of  bringing  mis¬ 
sionary  families  home  to  the  United  States  on  account  of  the 
health  of  children.  Its  responsibilities  in  the  matter  of  travelling 
expenses  are  defined  in  the  Manual.  It  provides  for  the  regular 
furlough  of  missionaries.  Manual,  Paragraphs  17-18,  for  their 
return  on  account  of  their  own  health  when  required.  Paragraph 
17,  and  when  they  withdraw  from  the  work.  Paragraph  31.  It 
provides  for  the  travelling  expenses  of  children  to  and  from  the 
field,  as  specified  in  Paragraph  34;  beyond  this  the  Board  feels 
that  it  is  not  proper  to  go  in  the  use  of  Mission  funds  in  pro¬ 
viding  furloughs  and  travelling  expenses  on  account  of  health, 
or  in  the  cases  of  children. 

The  Board  will  interpret  and  apply  these  principles  in  a  just 
and  reasonable  way. 

Any  other  leave  of  absence  than  the  furlough  thus  provided 
for  should  be  by  vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation  of  the 
Mission,  except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health  does  not 
admit  of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of  the  Mission  will 
be  deemed  sufficient ;  the  action  to  be  promptly  reported  to  the 
Board  with  medical  certificate.  The  Board  has  adopted  and 
furnished  the  Missions  with  a  form  of  certificate,  and  the  recep¬ 
tion  and  approval  of  these  certificates,  together  with  the  judg¬ 
ment  of  the  Mission  thereon  must  precede  the  settlement  of  the 
travelling  account  of  a  missionary  returning  to  the  United  States, 
when  no  provision  has  been  made  for  such  return  in  the  annual 
appropriations.  Where  a  consultation  of  the  medical  missionaries 
of  a  mission  is  practicable,  it  shall  only  be  on  the  recommendation 
of  such  a  conference  that  missionaries  shall  be  ordered  home  on 
account  of  health. 

18.  Furloughs  except  as  specified  above  are  for  one  year  only, 
in  addition  to  the  time  required  for  a  direct  journey  to  and  from 
the  field.  As  these  furloughs  should  be  extended  by  the  Board 

i4 


only  for  imperative  reasons,  great  care  ought  to  be  taken  in  fixing 
the  time  of  departure  from  the  field,  so  that  risks  of  climate  may 
not  interfere  with  the  return  at  the  expiration  of  the  year.  The 
approximate  date  of  departure  from  the  field  should  be  fixed  at 
regular  meeting  by  the  Mission  and  reported  to  the  Board.  If 
it  cannot  be  fixed  at  a  regular  meeting,  it  should  be  arranged  by 
circular  letter  or  by  the  Executive  Committee.  (See  §  4i.) 

Place  of  Furlough. 

19.  As  furloughs,  while  primarily  contemplating  the  health  of 
the  missionary,  have  reference  also  to  the  advantage  of  the  mis¬ 
sion  cause  in  the  Church  at  home,  it  is  desirable  that  they  be 
spent  in  the  United  States.  Any  missionary  wishing  to  spend 
part  of  the  furlough  in  foreign  countries  is  expected  to  corres¬ 
pond  with  the  Board  with  reference  to  the  time  to  be  so  spent 
and  the  date  at  which  the  home  allowance  shall  begin.  (See  §§ 
18,  23.) 

As  the  Board  pays  the  travel  expense  to  the  home  of  the  mis¬ 
sionary,  it  is  necessary  that  the  domicile  be  stated  when  render¬ 
ing  the  travel  account  and  that  the  journey  thereto  be  according 
to  the  provision  of  Paragraph  12. 

Travelling  on  Furlough. 

20.  When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted,  the  Board  defrays 
the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct  route  from  his 
station  to  the  home  of  the  missionary  in  this  country.  The  al¬ 
ternative  proposition  of  §  12,  regarding  journey  to  the  field,  is 
available  for  the  home  journey  as  well.  (See  §§  18,  19,  23.)  One 
measured  ton  of  freight,  without  customs  duties,  is  allowed  each 
adult  and  one-half  ton  for  each  child,  and  one  hundred  pounds  of 
excess  baggage  on  railroad  lines. 

In  returning  to  the  field  after  furlough  the  same  rules  apply 
as  in  coming  to  this  country. 

21.  Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made  on  the 
most  economical  basis  consistent  with  comfort  and  safety,  and 
wherever  possible  by  the  Mission  Treasurer  through  accredited 
agents  of  the  Board.  Missionaries  should  obtain  from  the  Mis- 


15 


sion  Treasurer  copies  of  the  Travel  Manual  with  full  detailed 
instructions. 

22.  Missionaries  in  returning  home  should  bring  a  statement 
of  accounts  from  the  Mission  Treasurer  or  Station  Treasurer, 
such  statement  to  cover  the  salary  account  and  other  accounts, 
and  funds  furnished  for  travelling  expenses.  As  soon  as  possible 
after  arriving  in  New  York  they  should  report  at  the  Mission 
House.  'Should  they  arrive  at  any  other  port,  they  should  at  once 
send  to  the  Treasurer  a  full  statement  of  travelling  expenses; 
also  home  address. 

Home  Allowance. 

23.  The  allowance  while  at  home  shall  be  $900  per  annum  to 
a  husband  and  wife,  and  $450  to  an  unmarried  man,  to  a  wife, 
her  husband  remaining  on  the  field,  or  to  a  single  woman.  These 
sums  may  be  supplemented  in  cases  of  special  need. 

The  home  allowance  begins  when  the  payment  of  travelling 
expenses  from  the  field  ceases,  and  ends  when  the  payment  of 
travelling  expenses  to  the  field  begins ;  or  whenever  the  alterna¬ 
tive  offered  in  the  second  sentence  of  Paragraph  12  is  accepted, 
the  home  allowance  shall  begin  at  the  time  the  missionary  would 
have  reached  his  home  in  this  country  by  a  direct  route.  And 
the  same  principle  shall  be  applied  when  the  journey  is  toward 
the  field. 

The  home  allowance  of  widows  and  widowers  with  children 
shall  be  presumptively  that  of  unmarried  missionaries,  with  the 
understanding  that  these  amounts  may  be  supplemented  if  this 
is  found  to  be  necessary. 

Home  allowance  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  for  one 
year,  except  as  serious  physical  disability,  certified  to  by  a  com¬ 
petent  physician,  may  call  for  a  longer  period,  or  in  case  of  mis¬ 
sionaries  connected  with  Missions  where  the  Board  has  provided 
ai  longer  period  of  furlough  as  in  Paragraph  18. 

Work  at  Home. 

24.  It  is  expected  that  missionaries  while  in  the  United  States 
will  avail  themselves  of  all  reasonable  opportunities  to  arouse  the 
zeal  and  interest  of  individuals  and  organizations  in  the  mission 

16 


work.  The  interests  of  the  work  as  a  whole,  however,  require 
that  no  effort  should  be  made  to  secure  funds  for  any  object  not 
approved  by  the  Board.  (See  §48.) 

The  Board  defrays  the  travelling  expenses  of  missionaries  vis¬ 
iting  ecclesiastical  bodies  or  churches  in  this  country  at  its  re¬ 
quest,  when  the  expenses  are  not  otherwise  paid. 

Extension  of  Furlough. 

25.  For  satisfactory  reasons  the  furlough  may  be  extended, 
but  at  the  end  of  the  time  agreed  upon,  if  the  consent  of  the 
Board  is  not  given,  payment  of  salary  and  other  expenses  will  be 
discontinued,  and  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  the  connection  of 
the  missionary  with  the  Board  will  be  terminated,  unless  in  spe¬ 
cial  cases.  (See  §  18.) 

Vacations  on  the  Field. 

26.  Such  brief  vacations  on  the  field  as  may  be  necessary  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  mission  force  are  to  be  determined  both 
as  to  time  and  length  by  the  Missions,  on  the  basis  of  plans  sub¬ 
mitted  by  the  Missions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

The  Board  provides  sanitariums  in  some  Missions  where  cli¬ 
matic  and  other  conditions  render  them  necessary  to  health,  but 
it  deems  it  inexpedient  to  pay  travelling  expenses  to  or  from  such 
sanitariums  save  in  cases  of  special  urgency,  to  be  determined 
after  correspondence  with  the  Board  touching  the  merits  of  each 
case. 

Medical  Expenses. 

27.  At  Stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring  under 
commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  regarded  as  the  physicians 
of  the  missionary  families  connected  with  the  Board,  to  render 
service  to  them  without  charge,  and  the  Board  does  not  engage 
to  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  seeking  medical  aid 
elsewhere.  Where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  or  other  physi¬ 
cian,  the  Board  will  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  reach¬ 
ing  or  obtaining  the  nearest  competent  physician  or  surgeon.  At 
Stations  where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  of  the  Board  an 
allowance  for  medical  attendance  will  be  made,  the  amount  to 


17 


be  Included  in  the  estimates  as  a  Station  appropriation.  When 
in  exceptional  cases  this  amount  is  necessarily  exceeded,  an  appli¬ 
cation  in  regular  form  for  special  appropriation  may  be  made  to 
the  Board.  No  medical  allowance  can  be  made  for  missionaries 
on  furlough  in  the  United  States,  except  in  circumstances  of 
extraordinary  necessity. 

Knowledge  of  the  Vernacular. 

28.  The  ability  to  read,  but  especially  to  speak  the  native  lan¬ 
guage,  is  an  indispensable  qualification  for  missionary  service. 
To  aid  in  securing  this  each  Mission  is  required,  through  com¬ 
petent  committees,  to  examine  all  new  missionaries  at  the  close 
of  the  first  and  second  years  of  service,  and  at  such  other  times 
as  the  Mission  may  deem  wise,  as  to  their  knowledge  of  the  native 
tongue,  and  to  report  the  result  to  the  Board.  (See  §§36,  39.) 
As  a  rule  those  who,  after  fair  trial,  are  unable  to  master  the  lan¬ 
guage  of  the  people  among  whom  they  labor,  will  not  be  con¬ 
tinued  in  commission. 

Personal  teachers  will  be  provided  for  all  missionaries  for  a 
period  not  exceeding  three  years,  with  the  understanding — 

1.  That  if  the  requisite  examinations  are  passed  before  this, 
and  a  teacher  is  not  needed,  his  employment  ceases. 

2.  That  as  a  rule,  and  save  with  Mission  approval  for  the  ex¬ 
ception,  one  teacher  shall  suffice  for  a  man  and  wife.  That  in 
Missions  where  a  subsequent  or  “high  efficiency”  examination  is 
provided,  teachers  shall  be  supplied  for  those  who  undertake 
this. 

3.  In  other  Missions,  where  it  is  deemed  advisable  by  the  Mis¬ 
sion  that  language  study  should  continue  beyond  the  three 
years  above  provided  for,  personal  teachers  shall  be  supplied,  one 
for  each  two  missionaries  pursuing  such  studies,  where  combina¬ 
tion  is  possible. 

4.  In  no  case  shall  personal  teachers  be  provided  for  more 
than  five  years,  without  special  authority  from  the  Board. 

5.  Writers  or  copyists  may  be  provided  for  missionaries  em¬ 
ployed  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission  in  literary  work,  where 
such  are  needed. 

In  Missions  where  it  is  necessary  to  learn  a  second  language 

18 


the  above  rules  shall  apply  afresh  in  the  case  of  the  second  lan¬ 
guage  and  the  employment  of  a  teacher  therefor. 

Remuneration  for  Outside  Work. 

29.  The  missionary  while  in  connection  with  the  Board  will 
give  his  time  and  strength  to  the  work  of  foreign  missions  under 
the  general  direction  of  the  Mission,  and  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  Manual.  If,  with  the  express  sanction  of  the 
Mission  and  the  Board,  he  shall  temporarily  undertake  work  not 
under  the  care  of  the  Board,  any  sum  of  money  paid  for  such 
work  shall  be  turned  into  the  treasury  of  the  Mission  and  re¬ 
ported  to  the  Board,  except  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission  and 
the  explicit  consent  of  the  Board  to  the  contrary.  Where  the 
regular  work  is  a  source  of  revenue,  such  as  medical  fees,  etc., 
the  amount  received  shall  be  similarly  reported.  (See  §45.) 

Pensions. 

30.  No  pensions  are  allowed  under  any  circumstances ;  but 
if  missionaries  when  aged  and  infirm  remain  in  the  field  with  the 
approval  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  their  salaries  shall  be 
continued  because  of  such  service  as  they  may  be  able  to  render 
and  the  good  influence  of  their  Christian  example,  counsels  and 
prayers.  All  other  cases  naturally  fall  within  the  scope  of  the 
Board  of  Ministerial  Relief.  (See  §§31,  32.) 

Withdrawal  from  Service. 

31.  In  the  event  of  withdrawal  from  missionary  service  for 
reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  it  will  defray  the 
expenses  of  the  journey  to  this  country,  provided  said  journey 
be  made  within  a  year  from  the  date  of  withdrawal,  and  may 
make  a  grant  of  funds  to  meet  present  exigences  in  cases  of 
special  need.  If  further  assistance  is  required  after  his  return 
and  his  ceasing  to  be  connected  with  the  Board,  the  case  of  the 
ordained  missionary  and  his  family  falls  within  the  province  of 
the  Ministerial  Relief  Fund  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  com¬ 
mon  with  the  cases  of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  in  this  country 
in  like  circumstances. 

32.  The  General  Assembly  in  1885  extended  the  privilege  of 

19 


the  Relief  Fund  to  “women  who  have  given  themselves  to  the 
missionary  work,”  on  the  same  condition  as  to  ministers,  and  in 
1889  extended  the  same  privilege  to  “lay  missionaries  commis¬ 
sioned  by  the  Foreign  Board.” 

Children  of  Missionaries. 

33.  An  allowance  of  $100  is  made  for  each  child  under  eighteen 
years  of  age.  When  both  parents  or  one  parent,  the  other  being 
deceased,  are  on  the  field  and  the  children  in  the  United  States, 
this  allowance  is  increased  to  $150.  This  grant  ceases  when  the 
missionary  ceases  to  be  connected  with  the  Board,  but  is  con¬ 
tinued  within  the  same  age  limits  to  the  children  of  a  mission¬ 
ary  who  may  have  died  in  the  service.  The  Board  can  not  pro¬ 
vide  children’s  allowance  in  case  of  the  adopted  children  of  mis¬ 
sionaries.  In  the  case  of-  all  missionaries  appointed  or  commis¬ 
sioned  since  1897  the  amount  of  children’s  allowance  to  be  paid  to 
any  one  missionary  family  shall  not  exceed  $500. 

34.  The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the  chil¬ 
dren  of  missionaries  to  this  country  under  the  age  of  eighteen, 
provided  that  the  number  of  single  trips  of  any  child  between  this 
country  and  the  foreign  field  for  which  the  Board  shall  be  re¬ 
sponsible  shall  not  exceed  four ;  but  it  does  not  engage  to  meet 
the  expense  of  their  return  after  the  age  of  sixteen  to  the  coun¬ 
try  from  which  they  came  unless  they  go  out  as  missionaries 
under  appointment  by  the  Board. 

35.  The  Board  counsels  missionaries  that  when  practicable  and 
expedient,  their  children  should  be  placed  in  the  immediate 
charge  of  relatives  or  friends,  in  order  that  the  Homes  at  Woos¬ 
ter,  Ohio,  provided  through  the  generosity  of  Christian  friends, 
may  be  available  for  those  who  need  them  most.  These  Homes 
are  under  the  direction  of  a  Board  of  Managers,  responsible  to 
the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Children  are  admitted  by  a 
vote  of  the  Managers,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  at  a  cost 
of  $175  per  annum,  for  boarding  and  home.  This  amount  is 
paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 
In  any  case,  the  Board  does  not  assume  any  re.sponsibility  for 
missionaries’  children  beyond  doing  evei'ything  in  its  power  to 
aid  the  parents  in  making  satisfactory  arrangements. 


20 


When  a  missionary  is  on  furlough,  whose  children  have  been 
receiving  $150  each,  on  account  of  their  being  in  this  country  and 
the  parents  being  on  the  field,  the  extra  allowance  of  $50  for 
each  child,  provided  by  Paragraph  33,  shall  cease,  this  amount 
being  payable  only  when  parents  are  on  the  field  and  the  children 
in  this  country.  On  furlough  the  allowance  is  $100  for  each  child. 

Right  to  Recall. 

36.  The  Board  reserves  the  right  of  recalling  missionaries  or 
of  revoking  their  appointment  for  sufficient  reasons,  which  are 
to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly, 
with  the  minutes  of  the  Board.  When  the  usefulness  of  any 
missionary  is  open  to  serious  question  on  the  field  in  which  he 
has  been  laboring,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Mission  to  make 
proper  investigation  and  to  report  its  judgment  to  the  Board. 
(See  §28.)  After  the  connection  of  missionaries  with  the  Board 
has  been  terminated,  no  payments  of  money  on  their  account  will 
be  made  unless  by  special  agreement. 

THE  PRESBYTERY. 

37.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  to  magnify  the  Presbytery, 
and  to  have  such  parts  of  the  work  committed  to  its  direction 
and  control  as  the  Mission,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board, 
may  deem  wise  from  time  to  time,  looking  to  the  speedy  estab¬ 
lishment  of  a  self-supporting  and  self-propagating  native  Church. 

The  Board  can  not  provide  travelling  or  other  expenses 
for  natives  or  missionaries  in  connection  with  the  ecclesiastical 
meetings  of  the  native  churches,  e.  g.,  Presbytery  and  Synod. 

38.  With  reference  to  the  relations  of  the  Missions  and  native 
Churches  and  Presbyteries  attention  is  called  to  the  action  of  the 
General  Assembly,  Minutes  of  1898,  page  73. 

“That  in  the  Judgment  of  the  Assembly  the  best  results  of 
Mission  Work  in  Brazil  and  other  foreign  fields  will  be  attained 
only  when  right  lines  of  distinction  are  observed  between  the 
functions  of  the  native  Churches  and  the  functions  of  the  for¬ 
eign  Missions ;  the  Missions  contributing  to  the  establishment  of 
the  native  'Churches  and  looking  forward  to  passing  on  into  the 
regions  beyond  when  their  work  is  done,  and  the  native  Churches 


21 


growing  up  with  an  independent  identity  from  the  beginning, 
administering  their  own  contributions  and  resources  unentangled 
with  any  responsibility  for  the  administration  of  the  Missions  or 
of  the  funds  committed  to  the  Missions.” 

THE  MISSION. 

Mission. 

39.  In  general  a  Mission  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries 
under  appointment  by  the  Board  within  specified  territorial  limits. 
For  the  transaction  of  business  the  men  are  regarded  as  consti¬ 
tuting  the  administrative  force  of  the  Mission.  The  women  of 
the  Mission,  however,  who  are  actively  engaged  in  Mission  work 
(the  Mission  to  determine  when  this  condition  is  met),  are 
entitled  to  vote  on  what  is  known  as  Woman’s  Work.  Each  Mis¬ 
sion  has  authority,  also,  should  it  so  desire,  to  extend  the  right 
of  voting  on  all  questions  to  the  women  of  the  Mission.  No 
missionary  shall  have  a  right  to  vote  until  after  one  year’s  service 
in  connection  with  the  Mission,  and  until  he  shall  have  passed 
the  language  examinations  appointed  for  the  first  year.  (See 
§28.) 

The  wives  of  missionaries  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
Paragraphs  28  and  39  of  the  Manual,  withholding  from  mission¬ 
aries  the  right  to  vote  until  they  have  passed  the  language  ex¬ 
aminations  for  the  first  year. 

Powers  of  the  Mission. 

40.  The  Mission  has  the  general  care  and  supervision  of  all 
work  within  its  limits.  All  questions  of  policy,  method  and  ex¬ 
penditure  are  subject  to  its  judgment,  and  all  requests  requir¬ 
ing  the  action  of  the  Board  should  be  accompanied  by  the  action 
of  the  Mission  upon  them.  Tours  of  exploration  or  any  un¬ 
usual  work  should  be  undertaken  only  with  the  advice  of  the 
Mission. 

The  Mission  assigns  and  in  general  supervises  the  work  of  in¬ 
dividual  missionaries,  to  the  end  that  all  forms  of  labor  may 
have  the  benefit  of  united  counsel  and  may  promote  the  inter¬ 
ests  of  the  work  as  a  whole.  It  is  proper,  of  course,  that  the 
views  of  all  missionaries  regarding  their  location  and  work  should 


22 


be  heard  and  fully  considered,  and  if  any  missionary  shall  be 
dissatisfied  with  the  action  of  the  Mission,  an  appeal  to  the  Board 
for  final  decision  can  be  made. 

Executive  Committee. 

41.  Any  Mission  may  at  its  annual  meeting  appoint  an  Ex¬ 
ecutive  Committee,  ad  interim,  to  have  authority  to  indorse  as 
approved  any  request  to  the  Board.  All  actions  submitted  to  this 
Committee  must  have  the  approval  of  the  proper  Station  or 
Stations.  (See  §§ 48,  50.) 

Any  Mission  may  commit  to  its  Executive  Committee,  if  it 
desires,  the  discharge  of  any  of  the  functions  and  duties  of  the 
Mission  as  defined  in  the  Manual. 

Mission  Meetings. 

42.  The  Mission  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  and  be  gov¬ 
erned  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  church  judicatories,  so  far  as 
applicable,  and  it  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  its  proceedings, 
copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  soon  after  each  meet¬ 
ing.  On  questions  involving  requests  for  appropriations,  the  ex¬ 
penditure  of  funds  and  the  location,  transfer  or  retirement  of 
missionaries,  a  two-thirds  vote  shall  be  required.  In  all  other 
cases  a  majority  shall  decide.  The  travelling  expenses  to  Mis¬ 
sion  meetings  shall  be  met  (unless  under  peculiar  circumstances) 
only  for  those  who  are  voting  members,  and  those  who  have  not 
completed  their  first  year  of  service.  (See  §39.) 

Missions  and  missionaries  in  transmitting  matters  requiring 
Board  action  are  requested  to  transmit  them  in  strictly  business 
communications,  distinct  from  matters  of  general  missionary  in¬ 
terest.  After  each  Mission  meeting  the  Secretary  of  the  Mission 
shall  make  a  separate  list  of  such  acts  of  the  Mission  meeting  as 
may  require  Board  action,  and  transmit  them  as  promptly  as  pos¬ 
sible  to  the  Board  in  a  separate  communication. 

Literary  Work. 

43.  Literary  work,  such  as  translating  and  the  preparation  of 
religious  and  educational  books,  should  be  undertaken  only  with 
the  consent  or  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission,  and  by  per- 


23 


sons  adjudged  to  be  most  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  lan¬ 
guage.  All  translations  of  the  Scriptures  are  to  be  governed  by 
the  action  of  the  Board  (April  i6,  iSqA)  : 

“Inasmuch  as  the  rules  of  both  the  American  Bible  Society  and 
the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  authorize  only  such  devia¬ 
tions  from  the  textus  reccptus  as  are  sanctioned  by  the  English 
or  the  American  Revision  Committees  of  i88i,  it  was 

“Resolved,  That  these  limitations  and  exceptions  be  applied 
to  all  translations  made  under  the  authority  of  the  Board;  any 
specific  questions  which  may  arise  on  minor  points  to  be  submit¬ 
ted  to  the  Committee  on  Versions  of  the  American  Bible  So¬ 
ciety.” 

Estimates. 

44.  At  the  annual  meeting  the  Mission  shall  prepare  a  careful 
estimate  of  the  probable  necessary  expenses  of  its  work  for  the 
year  beginning  on  the  ist  of  May  following  the  date  of  annual 
meeting.  Where  there  is  more  than  one  Station  in  a  Mission, 
each  Station  shall  prepare  its  estimates  to  be  submitted  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Mission  for  detailed  consideration  and 
recommendation,  as  the  Board  requires  the  judgment  of  the  Mis¬ 
sion  on  all  the  estimates  of  each  Station.  It  is  specially  desired 
that  in  recommending  appropriations  for  new  work,  such  as  the 
sending  out  of  new  missionaries,  the  purchase  of  property,  erec¬ 
tion  of  Iruildings,  etc.,  the  Mission  shall  indicate  the  order  of 
their  importance. 

The  estimates  should  indicate  first  what  is  needed  for 
the  work  of  the  ensuing  year,  the  amount  not  to  exceed  the 
grant  of  the  year  preceding  that  for  which  the  estimate  is  made, 
and  secondly,  if  more  is  required,  how  the  Mission  would  spend 
the  desired  increase. 

The  estimates  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in  charge 
of  the  correspondence,  and  will  be  acted  upon  by  the  Board  as 
promptly  as  possible.  Pending  such  action  the  Mission  is  au¬ 
thorized  to  proceed  with  all  expenditures  included  under  the  first 
class,  and  the  Treasurer  will  remit  accordingly,  but  may  not 
enter  upon  the  expenditures  included  in  the  second  class  without 
authority  from  the  Board. 


24 


In  making  these  estimates  the  Mission  will  follow  the  classifi¬ 
cation  of  expenditures  as  arranged  by  the  Board  so  as  to  facilitate 
their  prompt  consideration,  and  will  use  the  estimate  sheets  pro¬ 
vided  by  the  Board. 

Each  Station  in  preparing  its  estimates  shall  consult  with  the 
proper  agents  of  the  native  Church  so  as  to  secure  its  proper 
share  in,  and  responsibility  for,  the  support  of  all  evangelistic 
and  educational  work.  The  amount  given  by  the  native  Church 
and  the  amount  of  help  asked  from  the  Board  shall  be  clearly 
stated. 

45.  In  case  any  work  is  partially  supported  by  receipts  upon 
the  field,  the  estimated  receipts  shall  be  carefully  stated,  and  also 
the  estimated  expenses,  and  only  that  amount  shall  be  asked 
which  is  needed  to  meet  the  e.stimated  deficit.  Should  the  actual 
receipts  fall  below  the  estimated  receipts,  the  Board  will  grant  at 
the  close  of  the  year  whatever  is  needed  to  meet  the  obligations 
authorized;  the  Mission  or  Station  Treasurers  to  report  promptly 
any  need  thus  arising.  Should  the  actual  receipts  exceed  the  es¬ 
timated  receipts,  the  gain  shall  accrue  to  the  Treasury  of  the 
Board. 

46.  The  appropriations  made  by  the  Board  will  always  be  in 
the  currency  of  the  country  for  which  they  are  made,  save  in 
the  matter  of  missionaries’  salaries  and  children’s  allowances  and 
items  of  expenditure  in  this  country. 

47.  As  the  Board  must  render  annual  reports  to  the  Church 
of  its  expenditures  bn  the  foreign  field,  the  various  Missions  must 
consider  each  year’s  appropriations  as  available  only  during  the 
year  for  which  they  are  made. 

Liberty  of  Transfer. 

48.  Any  Mission  or  Station  is  at  liberty  to  make  necessary 
transfers  in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the  Board, 
within  any  one  class,  except  within  the  following;  “Missionaries 
not  on  Field,”  “New  Missionaries,”  and  “New  Property.”  When 
necessary,  transfers  from  one  class  to  another  may  also  be  made 
until  January  31,  if  approved  by  the  Mission  or  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Mission.  This  provision  for  transfers  from 
class  to  class  does  not  apply  to  classes  “Missionaries  on  Field,” 


25 


“Missionaries  not  on  Field/'  “New  Missionaries,”  and  “New 
Property.” 

In  view  of  the  occurrence  of  such  changes  in  the  appropria¬ 
tions  as  are  provided  for  above,  the  Board  will  expect  from  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Mission  or  Station  a  final  and  complete  state¬ 
ment  of  the  newly-distributed  appropriations,  according  to  the 
method  of  classification  and  statement  followed  in  the  es¬ 
timate  blanks;  this  final  statement  to  be  directed  to  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Board,  and  to  reach  him  not  later  than  March  31st,  and 
as  much  earlier  as  may  be  practicable. 

In  adjusting  the  appropriations  to  the  necessities  of  the  work 
on  the  field  the  only  items  which  the  Board  exempts  from  re¬ 
duction  or  transfer  are  those  in  Classes  I,  II,  III  and  VIII,  and 
such  specific  items  in  other  classes  as  may  be  exempted  by  a 
special  action  of  the  Board.  All  other  appropriations  are  within 
the  rules  of  the  Manual,  subject  to  such  readjustment  by  the 
Missions  as  the  exigencies  of  the  field  situation  may  require. 
It  is  of  course  expected  that  the  Mission  will  take  into  due  con¬ 
sideration  any  association  of  particular  objects  with  special  givers 
in  this  country,  and  it  will  not  needlessly  disturb  such  relations. 
But  if  in  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  the  interests  of  the  work 
are  seriously  involved,  the  Board  will  support  the  Mission  in 
assigning  to  such  objects  their  proportionate  share  of  any  reduc¬ 
tion,  and  the  Board  will  take  up  with  the  givers  at  home  any  diffi¬ 
culties  which  may  arise. 

4 

Special  Appeals. 

49.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should  be 
so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from  the  field  to  churches, 
Sabbath-schools,  societies  or  individuals  for  special  gifts.  Such 
applications  involve  unjust  discriminations  in  favor  of  some 
Missions  and  missionaries,  subordinate  the  judgment  of  the  Mis¬ 
sion  to  private  judgment,  interfere  with  the  regular  income  of 
the  Board,  and  if  right  for  one  are  right  for  all,  and  so  militate 
against  the  purpose  of  the  Church  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Board.  It  is  expected  that  each  missionary  will  aid  in  raising 
the  large  amount  required  for  the  work  formally  recommended 
by  the  Missions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 


26 


Missionaries  are  requested  to  refer  to  the  Secretaries  in  New 
York  all  requests  for  special  objects,  as  such  questions  are  given 
systematic  attention. 

Special  Appropriations. 

so.  After  the  estimates  are  sent  to  the  Board,  special  requests 
for  grants  cannot  be  entertained  except  in  extraordinary  cir¬ 
cumstances.  When  such  cases  arise  during  the  year  calling  for 
extra  appropriations,  they  should  be  submitted  to  the  Mission, 
either  at  a  Mission  meeting  or  by  circular  letter, —  [The  approval 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  any  Mission  will  be  adequate 
when  such  a  committee  exists.  (See  §4i)] — and  forwarded  to 
the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the  Mis¬ 
sion’s  recommendation.  The  blanks  furnished  for  this  purpose 
by  the  Board  should  be  used. 

Supreme  Aim  of  Work. 

51.  The  great  end  of  missionary  life  and  service  is  the  preach¬ 
ing  of  Christ  crucified.  All  forms  of  work  must  be  subordinate 
to  this  end,  and  all  methods  of  missionary  effort,  medical,  educa¬ 
tional,  industrial,  etc.,  will  be  sanctioned  and  supported  by  the 
Board  only  as  they  contribute  to  a  wider  and  more  effective 
proclamation  of  the  Gospel,  and  give  promise  of  vital  mission¬ 
ary  results. 

Property. 

52.  No  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  sold,  nor  any  building 
erected  for  the  Board,  without  its  sanction.  None  of  its  property 
is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt.  All  property  given 
or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once  transferred  to  it,  or  be 
held  in  trust  for  it. 

Gifts  on  the  field  or  from  sources  outside  of  the  Board’s 
Treasury  for  the  erection  of  buildings  on  the  property  of  the 
Board,  or  for  enlarging  or  improving  buildings  already  in  use, 
or  for  acquiring  new  property,  should  be  reported  to  the  Board, 
and  before  these  gifts  are  expended  full  plans  of  the  improve¬ 
ments  contemplated  should  be  submitted  to  the  Board  for  its 
approval. 


27 


'  Title  deeds  of  all  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the  way 
required  by  the  government  within  whose  territory  the  Mission 
is  located;  copies  thereof,  w'ith  diagrams  of  land  and  buildings, 
to  be  sent  to  the  Treasurer  at  New  York.  All  repairs  on  build¬ 
ings  shall  be  included  in  the  general  estimates,  and  no  enlarge¬ 
ment  or  alteration  involving  expense  shall  be  made  without  the 
concurrence  of  the  Mission  or  the  Property  Committee,  and,  if 
amounting  to  more  than  $ioo,  the  sanction  of  the  Board. 

Missionaries  who  expend  funds  belonging  to  the  Board,  or  who 
in  any  way  involve  the  Board  in  property  or  financial  obligations, 
without  its  consent,  will  be  held  personally  responsible  for  the 
amount. 

Property  Committee. 

53.  Each  Mission  shall,  at  its  annual  meeting,  appoint  a  Prop¬ 
erty  Committee,  without  whose  approval,  in  addition  to  the 
Board’s  appropriation,  no  plans  shall  be  adopted  nor  any  land 
purchased,  and  who  shall  have  general  supervision  of  the  erec¬ 
tion  of  all  buildings.  Copies  of  all  plans  approved  by  this  com¬ 
mittee  shall  be  forwarded  as  soon-  as  possible  to  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Board. 

Sale  and  Rent. 

-  54.  Property  not  in  use  and  not  likely  to  be  needed  for  mis¬ 
sionary  purposes  should  be  disposed  of  promptly,  or  as  soon  as 
a  fair  price  can  be  obtained.  Sales  are  to  be  authorized  by  the 
Missions  or  Property  Committees  on  terms  approved  by  them 
and  confimied,  in  cases  of  real  estate,  by  the  Board.  The  pro¬ 
ceeds  of  such  sales  should  be  credited  to  the  Board  and  reported 
at  once.  Where  property  unused  by  the  Mission  cannot  be  sold, 
it  should  be  rented  as  advantageously  as  possible  and  the  pro¬ 
ceeds  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  in  such  cases  the 
character  of  the  tenant  and  the  proposed  use  of  the  property  to 
be  carefully  considered. 

Printing  Presses. 

55.  'No  printing  establishment  or  press  shall  be  erected  with¬ 
out  the  express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  Board,  and  no  print¬ 
ing  establishment  of  the  Board  shall  be  used  for  private  work 


28 


or  for  any  missionary  publications  except  under  authorization 
of  the  Mission ;  and  letters,  tracts,  or  appeals  printed  at  these 
establishments  at  the  expense  of  the  Board,  with  a  view  to  their 
being  sent  to  individuals  or  communities  in  the  United  States, 
must  have  the  authorization  of  the  Board.  The  Board  has 
adopted  special  regulations  governing  the  operation  of  all  Mis¬ 
sion  Printing  Presses. 

Station. 

56.  A  Station  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries  appointed 
by  the  Board  within  certain  limits  prescribed  by  the  Mission ; 
its  voting  members  to  be  determined  by  the  Mission  in  con¬ 
formity  with  the  principles  of  §  39.  Each  Station  shall  have  con¬ 
trol  of  the  missionary  work  within  its  field,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Mission.  New  Stations  can  be  established  only  by  action  of 
the  Board,  on  recommendation  of  the  Mission.  The  force  as¬ 
signed  to  such  Stations  should,  if  possible,  include  one  mission¬ 
ary  of  experience. 

Mission  and  Station  Secretaries. 

57.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall  choose  for  itself  a 
Secretary,  to  be  changed  as  seldom  as  possible,  the  names  to  be 
reported  to  the  Board,  whose  duties  shall  be  to  receive  and  keep 
files  of  all  official  correspondence  addressed  to  Missions  and  Sta¬ 
tions,  to  receive  and  distribute  all  report  forms  and  see  that  they 
and  all  minutes  and  reports  provided  for  in  the  Manual  are  in 
proper  form  and  season  returned  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of 
the  correspondence,  to  see  that  all  communications  addressed  to 
Missions  and  Stations  have  proper  reply,  to  forward  the  state¬ 
ment  called  for  in  Paragraph  42,  and  to  perform  such  other  func¬ 
tions  as  shall  be  assigned  by  the  Missions.  The  above  does  not 
apply  to  correspondence  between  the  Board  and  Mission  and  Sta¬ 
tion  Treasurers.  (See  §§48,  52,  53,  65.) 

58.  Care  .should  be  taken  that  all  official  letters  of  the  Board 
sent  to  the  Missions  be  seen  by  each  missionary. 

R.eports. 

59.  Each  Station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the  Mission  year, 
reports,  both  statistical  and  general,  of  the  various  departments 


29 


of  its  work,  and  submit  them  to  the  Mission  at  the  annual  meet¬ 
ing.  Each  missionary  also  shall  prepare  a  brief  personal  report 
of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year,  to  be  submitted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion.  All  these  reports  should  be  reviewed  by  the  Mission  and 
forwarded  without  delay  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  cor¬ 
respondence,  with  the  Mission’s  judgment  thereon. 

Letters. 

60.  It  is  expected  that  each  Station  shall  write  a  bi-monthly 
letter  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence  with  the 
Mission,  concerning  the  work  in  its  various  departments,  the 
members  of  the  Station  discharging  this  duty  in  turn. 

61.  It  is  desirable  that  individual  missionaries  and  the  Secre¬ 
taries  of  the  Board  should  correspond  as  fully  and  frequently 
as  may  be  expedient,  for  mutual  helpfulness  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  work. 

62.  All  correspondence  with  the  officers  of  the  Board  should 
be  on  uniform  paper  furnished  by  the  Board,  the  writing  to  be 
on  one  side  only.  Matters  pertaining  to  the  respective  depart¬ 
ments  of  Secretaries  or  Treasurer  should  be  forwarded  on  sep¬ 
arate  sheets  and  ordinarily  under  separate  covers. 


TREASUKE.RS. 

Mission  Treasurer. 

63.  The  Mission  shall  elect  a  Treasurer  at  its  annual  meeting 
or  when  a  vacancy  occurs,  said  Treasurer  to  assume  his  duties  at 
the  time  designated  by  tbe  Mission ;  the  election  to  be  reported  to 
the  Board,  and  to  be  subject  to  its  approval.  It  devolves  on  the 
Mission  Treasurer  to  preserve  carefully  all  deeds  of  Mission 
property  and  other  legal  papers  not  transmitted  to  the  Board 
(in  Stations  where  this  is  not  convenient  the  Mission  may  as¬ 
sign  this  duty  to  the  Station  Treasurer)  ;  to  keep  in  official  books, 
procured  at  the  Board’s  expense  and  to  be  the  property  of  the 
Board,  clear  and  correct  accounts  of  all  receipts  and  payments, 
and  to  have  vouchers  for  the  latter,  and  to  keep  files  of  all  official 
.  correspondence  properly  belonging  to  his  department.  (See  §  57.) 


30 


His  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any  member  of  the 
Mission  at  any  reasonable  time. 

64.  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board  for  the 
distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission,  and 
is  responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for  all  funds  for¬ 
warded  by  him,  these  funds  to  be  kept  in  a  bank  or  other  safe  de¬ 
pository  approved  by  the  Mission.  No  funds  of  the  Board  shall  be 
loaned  under  any  circumstances.  There  is  no  warrant  for  as¬ 
suming  liabilities  on  behalf  of  the  Board,  without  the  actual  con¬ 
sent  of  the  Board,  and  it  is  within  its  proper  right  to  repudiate 
any  such  obligations.  The  acceptance  of  funds  for  deposit,  and 
the  investment  of  the  same  in  any  form  of  security,  must  be 
avoided.  The  advancing  of  funds  for  the  construction  of  chapels 
or  in  behalf  of  any  individual,  however  urgent  might  appear  to 
be  the  necessity,  is  unwarranted. 

The  principle  of  this  Paragraph  is  to  be  strictly  construed, 
there  being  no  warrant  for  disbursements  beyond  tbe  limit  of 
appropriations,  except  in  cases  for  which  the  Manual  provides. 

65.  He  is  also  the  agent  of  the  Board  to  enforce  any  rules  gov¬ 
erning  the  use  of  revenue  derived  from  such  sources  as  tuition 
fees,  medical  fees,  press  earnings  and  premium  on  exchange,  etc. 
(See  §§29,  45,  46,  s4.)  Such  funds  must  be  paid  to  him,  and  be 
by  him  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

66.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  directed  to  remit  to  each 
Mission  Treasurer  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission  dur¬ 
ing  the  fiscal  year  of  the  Board,  and  only  that  amount ;  this  to 
be  forwarded  regularly,  and  preferably  in  monthly  instalments ; 
bills  of  exchange  to  be  negotiated  by  the  Mission  Treasurers  as 
necessities  require. 

67.  The  receipt  of  such  remittances  is  to  be  officially  ac¬ 
knowledged  by  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  for  all  such  funds 
he  must  return  an  annual  report  to  the  Board  through  its  Treas¬ 
urer,  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  not  less  than  two,  appointed 
for  such  purpose  by  the  Mission  at  its  annual  meeting.  This 
committee  shall  meet  to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Mission  Treas¬ 
urer  as  soon  as  possible  after  May  ist  in  each  year. 

68.  In  auditing  the  accounts  the  committee  of  the  Mission 
are  expected  not  only  to  examine  the  footings  and  vouchers  for 


31 


each  payment,  but  also  to  report  whether  the  disbursements  un¬ 
der  appropriations  were  made  in  accordance  with  the  vote  of  the 
Board.  The  audit  should  include  an  examination  of  the  cash 
in  bank.  And  a  report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Mission  certi¬ 
fying  that  the  audit  required  by  this  Paragraph  has  been  made 
and  the  results  thereof  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Board. 

69.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time  to 
time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission  treasuries 
with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements  in  American  gold, 
but  the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  Mission  must  be  rendered 
once  each  year. 

70.  The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but  the  funds  must 
be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  appropriations  as 
made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  without  special  au¬ 
thority  being  obtained.  (See  §§47,  48.) 

Station  Treasurers. 

71.  Station  Treasurers  shall  be  annually  appointed  by  each  Sta¬ 
tion,  or  where  the  Mission  shall  prefer,  by  the  Mission,  and  the 
names  reported  to  the  Board,  save  in  those  Missions  where  the 
Board  provides  for  the  discharge  of  these  duties  by  the  Mission 
Treasurer.  They  are  the  financial  agents  of  the  Mission  for  their 
several  Stations,  with  powers  and  responsibilities  in  their  respect¬ 
ive  spheres,  similar  to  those  of  Mission  Treasurers.  They  must 
submit  reports  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  as  he  does  to  the  Board 
Treasurer,  such  reports  to  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  members 
of  the  Station,  and  to  be  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  the 
Station.  (See  §§48,  63.) 

72.  The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  devise  reasonable  rules  to 
secure  from  Station  Treasurers  proper  accounts,  such  rules  to 
be  approved  by  his  Mission,  and  a  copy  sent  to  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Board. 

Purchases  and  Money  Orders. 

73.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make  pur¬ 
chases  for  the  missionaries  of  the  Board,  but  all  charges,  includ- 


32 


ing  freight,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  salary  of  the  missionary. 
The  Treasurer  shall  require  such  form  of  order  for  goods  as  will 
bind  the  missionary,  and  may  require  the  countersignature  of  a 
Mission  or  Station  Treasurer.  These  purchases  are  for  the  Mis¬ 
sion  work  and  for  the  missionaries’  personal  needs,  and  do  not 
include  purchases  for  others  not  directly  associated  with  the 
Missions. 

74.  The  Board’s  Treasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to  the 
field,  funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  missionaries,  and 
in  turn  pay  upon  authority  funds  transferred  to  him  by  the  mis¬ 
sionaries. 

Such  transfers  will  be  made  under  rules  which  he  may  make, 
but  shall  only  be  made  for  actual  value  received,  and  shall  not 
be  made  by  negotiable  drafts  (payable  through  banks). 

E,mergency  Drafts. 

75.  If  necessity  compels,  the  Mission  Treasurer  may  draw  on 
the  Board’s  Treasurer  at  ten  days’  sight  for  an  amount  not  to 
exceed  the  proportionate  allowance  of  appropriations  fof  one 
month ;  but  in  such  event  a  statement  must  be  at  once  forwarded 
to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  setting  forth  the  emergency. 

Treasurer’s  Annual  Report. 

76.  As  the  Board  for  the  purposes  of  its  Annual  Report  to 
the  General  Assembly  closes  its  books  on  April  30th,  in  each 
year,  the  Treasurer  shall  require  from  the  Mission  Treasurers 
such  reports  as  will  enable  him  to  prepare  his  report. 

77.  At  the  end  of  the  year  (April  30th),  all ‘unexpended  bal¬ 
ances  and  unusued  appropriations  revert  to  the  Treasury  of 
the  Board.  (See  §§  15,  47,  48.) 

The  Treasurer  is,  however,  authorized  to  allow  proper  pay¬ 
ments  from  balance,  if  any,  for  work  actually  done  during  the 
year,  under  the  appropriations  of  that  year,  though  the  accounts 
are  rendered  after  the  year  ends ;  and  the  Mission  may  apply  to 
have  any  unused  appropriations  continued,  in  addition  to  the 
*  appropriations  for  the  next  year.  But  all  unused  funds  and  un¬ 
finished  work  must  be  reported  at  the  end  of  each  year. 


33 


INDEX 


Paragraph. 

Accounts — - 

Short  .  69 

Annual  . 69 

Of  returning  Missionaries.  22 

Aim  of  Work,  Supreme .  51 

Applications — 

Ordained  .  2 

Medical  .  3 

Laymen  .  3 

Single  Women  .  4 

Single  Women,  Marriage  of  4 
Wives  of  Missionaries.  .  .  S 
Interview  with  Officers ....  7 

Appointments — 

General  Requirements  ....  i 

Men  with  Children  .  i 

Revocation  of  .  36 

Appropriations — 

Application  to  continue.  .  .  77 

Unexpended  and  unused  . .  77 

In  currency  of  the  country  46 
Cut  on  special  objects  ...  48 

Available  for  year  only..  47 
Limited  to  amount  voted.  66 
Request  for,  to  be  accom¬ 
panied  by  Mission  ac¬ 
tion  . 42;  44;  so 

Purpose  of  .  51 

To  be  sent  regularly  ...  66 

Transfer  of  .  48 

Adjustment  of  .  48 

Special  .  50 

Unfinished  work  .  77 

Assignment  to  Field .  8 

Audit — 

Duties  of  Auditors  . 68;  71 

Baggage — 

Allowance  of  .  12 

Board — 

Introduction  . Page  3 

Function  of  . Page  3 

Right  to  recall  Missionaries  36 
Bills  of  Exchange — 

To  be  negotiated  as  neces¬ 
sities  require  .  66 

Buildings — See  Property.  _ 
Candidates — See  Applications. 

Interview  with  officers....  7 
Conference  for  new  mis¬ 
sionaries  .  7 

Children  of  Missionaries — 

Return  on  account  of  health  17 
Allowances  of  .  33 


Paragraph. 


Adopted  children  .  33 

Journey  to  and  from  field  34 
Care  of,  in  United  States.  .  35 

Account  of,  to  be  closed  at 

end  of  fiscal  year  .  15 

Freight  allowance  .  20 

Designation  of  Field .  8 

Drafts — Emergency  .  75 

Estimates — 

Provision  for  furloughs  ...  17 

General  Rules .  44 

Where  work  partially  sup¬ 
ported  by  receipts  from 

field  .  45 

To  be  in  currency  of  coun¬ 
try  .  46 

Deficit  in,  in  certain  cases  45 
Share  of  native  church  .  .  44 

Executive  Committee.  .  ,41 ;  48;  50 

Field — Designation  of  .  8 

Freight — 

Going  to  field  .  12 

Returning  from  field  .  20 

Return  to  field  .  20 

Funds — 

Emergency  drafts  .  75 

Mission  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Board  .  64 

Station  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Mission  .  71 

General  control  of,  in 

hands  of  Mission .  70 

Not  to  be  loaned  .  64 

Receipt  of,  to  be  acknowl¬ 
edged  .  67 

Bills  of  Exchange  to  be  ne¬ 
gotiated  as  necessities  re¬ 
quire  .  66 

Mission  Treasurer,  respon¬ 
sible  for  .  64 

Furloughs — 

After  five,  six,  seven,  eight, 

nine  and  ten  years .  17 

Provision  for,  in  estimates  17 

Time  of  leaving  field  ....  17 

Emergency  cases  .  17 

Minimum  term,  or  aver¬ 
age  point  for  two .  17* 

Return  on  account  of  chil¬ 
dren  .  17 

Medical  certificate  .  17 

Duration  of  .  18 

Extension  of  . 18:25 


34 


Paragraph. 


To  be  spent  in  U.  S .  19 

Route  to  be  to  U.  S.  direct  20 
Freight  and  baggage  allow¬ 
ance  .  20 

Expenses  . 20 ;  21 

Missionaries  on,  to  bring 

account  .  22 

Missionaries  on,  report  at 

New  York  .  22 

Missionaries  on,  report 

Home  Address  .  22 

Home  Allowance — 

Amount  Paid  .  23 

Widows  and  widowers  ...  23 

Commencement  .  23 

Special  Grant  .  23 

Individual  Work  . 29;  40 

Interview  with  Officers....  7 

Introduction  . Page  3 

Journey— 

Expenses  Paid  by  Hoard.  .  .  12 

Route,  Freight,  &c .  12 

Excess  Baggage  .  12 

Travel  Manual  .  12 

Literary  Work  .  43 

Language— 

Knowledge  of  the  Vernac¬ 
ular  .  28 

Examinations  at  end  of  ist 

and  2d  year  .  28 

Personal  teachers  .  28 

Teacher  for  second  lan¬ 
guage  .  28 

Letters  and  Correspondence — 

Form  and  address .  62 

From  Missionaries  .  6i 

“  Stations  Bi-Monthly  60 
“  Board  to  be  read  by 

all  .  S8 

Medical  Expenses .  27 

Medical  Missionaries — 

Application  .  3 

Mission  Physicians  .  27 

Medical  Attendance  and  Al¬ 
lowance'  .  27 

Receipts  for  Work  on  Field  29 
Testimonials  Required  ...  3 

Outfit  .  10 

Return  of  outfit  .  1 1 

Mission — 

Defined  .  39 

Vote  in  .  39 

Powers  of  .  40 

To  hear  views  of  Missiona¬ 
ries  as  to  location  and 

work  .  40 

To  appoint  Treasurer  ,..  63 

To  appoint  Secretary  .  57 

To  report  name  of  Secre- 

.  tary  to  Board  .  57 

To  appoint  Property  Com¬ 
mittee  . S3 


Paragraph. 

May  appoint  Executive 

Committee  .  41 

Has  general  control  of 
funds  with  certain  restric¬ 
tions  . 47;  70 

To  review  report  from  Sta¬ 
tions  or  individuals  and 

forward  to  Board  . _.  S9 

Power  to  transfer  appropri¬ 
ations  defined  .  48 

To  make  estimates  .  44 

To  fix  time  of  departure  on 

furlough  .  18 

Appropriations  necessary  41 ;  50 
Mission  Meetings — 

When  held  .  42 

Minutes  to  be  kept  and 
copy  sent  to  Board  ...42;  57 
Majority  vote  to  decide.  .  42 

Two-thirds  vote  required 
on  questions  of  finance  42 

Who  to  attend  .  42 

All  to  be  heard  .  40 

Appeal  to  Board  from  ...  40 

Making  estimates  ^ .  44 

Making  estimates  in  cases 

of  partial  support  .  45 

Mission  Treasurer — 

Election  of  .  63 

Custodian  of  Property  and 

Funds  .  63 

Duties  of  .  63 

Accounts  of  .  63 

Agent  of  Board  for  distri¬ 
bution  of  funds  .  64 

To  enforce  Rules  . 65:72 

Unwarranted  advance  of 

funds  .  64 

To  collect  Revenues  ....  65 

To  negotiate  Bills  of  Ex¬ 
change  as  necessities  re¬ 
quire  .  66 

To  acknowledge  remittances  67 
To  make  annual  report  to 

Board  . . .  67 

To  make  statements  of 
treasury  when  required..  69 

Duties  of  auditors  .  68 

To  make  rules  for  Station 

Treasurers  .  72 

To  report  in  certain  cases.  45 
To  report  transfer  of  ap¬ 
propriations  .  68 

Money  Orders — 

Not  by  drafts  .  74 

New  Stations — 

How  established  .  56 

Official  Letters— 

Form  and  address  .  62 

To  be.  read  by  all  .  58 

Duty  of  Secretaries  .  57 

Outfit — 

Allowance  .  9 


35 


Paragraph. 

Equitable  return  .  1 1 

Furniture  purchased  on,  be¬ 
longs  to  Board .  ii 

Lists  of,  for  various  fields  9 

Medical  .  9 

]\Iust  be  drawn  within  year  9 

No  second  outfit  .  9 

Use  of  .  9 

Outside  Work — 

Remuneration  for  .  29 

Must  have  express  sanction  29 

Passports  .  13 

Pensions — ■  30 

Return  of  Missionaries  ad¬ 
vanced  in  years  .  30 

Laymen  .  32 

Ministerial  relief .  31 

Ministerial  relief  fpr  wo¬ 
men  .  . . .  32 

Personal  teachers  .  28 

Presbytery — 

Testimonials  from  appli¬ 
cants  .  2 

Establishment  of  .  37 

Relation  of  .  38 

Traveling  expenses  .  38 

Property — 

Not  to  be  purchased  or  sold 
without  sanction  of  the 

Board  .  52 

No  building  to  be  erected 
without  same  sanction..  52 
Not  to  be  mortgaged  or  as¬ 
signed  for  debt  .  52 

To  be  in  name  of  Board  or 

in  trust  for  it  .  52 

Deeds  of,  to  be  recorded  .  .  52 

Copies  of  deeds,  and  dia¬ 
grams  of  land  and  build¬ 
ings  to  be  sent  to  Treas¬ 
urer  of  the  Board  ....  52 

Repairs  .  52 

Committee,  Powers  of,  &c..  53 

Not  in  use,  to  be  sold  or 

rented  .  54 

Proceeds  to  be  reported  at 

once  .  54 

Building  plans,  copies  to  be 

sent  to  Board  .  53 

Purchasing  Orders — 

Lien  on  salary  .  73 

Form  may  be  required  ...  73 

Only  for  Mission  work  or 
Missionaries  personally. .  73 

Printing  Presses — 

Rules  for  erection  and  car¬ 
rying  on  of  .  55 

Special  regulations  .  55 

Recall — 

Right  of  Board  to  .  36 

Relief  Fund — 

For  Laymen  and  Women.  .  32 

For  Ordained  Missionaries  31 


Paragraph. 


No  Pensions  .  30 

Reports — 

Mission  .  59 

Station  .  59 

Personal  .  59 

Mission  Treasurers,  45;  63; 

. 65;  67;  69;  76 

Mission  Treasurer’s  Spe¬ 
cial  .  69 

Station  Treasurers  . 48;  71 

Station  letters  .  60 

General  letters  .  61 

Of  emergency  drafts  ....  75 

Of  proceeds  of  sale  or  rent¬ 
al  of  property  .  54 

Of  transfer  of  appropria¬ 
tions  .  48 

Annual  of  Board  .  76 

Annual  of  Treasurer  of 

Board  .  76 

Return — 

From  field  direct  .  20 

To  field  after  furlough  ...  20 

Freight,  baggage,  &c.,  on  20 
On  arrival,  report  to  Mis¬ 
sion  House  .  22 

On  arrival,  report  to  Home 

Address  .  22 

Salaries — 

On  field  .  14 

After  death  continuance.  .  14 

Unmarried  men  .  14 

Begin  . 15 

Payable  Monthly  .  15 

Wife  in  U.  S .  14 

Widow  or  widower .  16 

Account  to  be  closed  at  end 

of  fiscal  year  .  15 

Sanitarium,  travel  to  .  26 

Self-Support  . 38;  44 

Special  Objects — ■ 

Requests  for,  to  be  referred 

to  Board  .  49 

Appeals  to  public  for,  not 

desirable  .  49 

No  effort  to  be  made  to 
secure  funds  for  any  ob¬ 
ject  not  approved  by 
Board  .  24 


Stations — _ 

Definition  of  .  56 

Powers  of  .  56 

To  appoint  Treasurer,  and 

report  to  Board  .  71 

To  appoint  Secretary,  and 

report  to  Board  .  57 

New,  how  established  ...  56 

Reports  of  .  59 

Bi-Monthly  letter  from....  60 
Power  to  Transfer  Appro¬ 
priations  . .  48 

To  Prepare  Estimates  ....  44 

To  Consult  Native  Church.. 44 


36 


Paragraph. 


Station  Secretary— 

To  be  chosen  .  57 

Duties  of  .  57 

Name  of,  to  be  reported  to 

Board  .  57 

Station  Treasurer — 

To  be  appointed  annually.  71 
Name  of,  to  be  reported  to 

Board  .  71 

Power  of  .  71 

Rules  governing  .  72 

Reports  of  . 48 ;  71 

Term  of  Service  and  Fur¬ 
loughs  .  18 

Principles  of  .  17 

Missions  named  .  17 

Leave  of  absence  .  17 

Furloughs  .  18 

Testimonials — 

General  .  i 

Ordained  Missionaries  ...  2 

Medical  .  3 

Single  women,  including 

physicians  .  4 

Wives  of  Missionaries  ...  5 

To  be  full,  private  and  con¬ 
fidential  .  6 


Paragraph. 

Unordained  men  other  than 

medical  .  3 

Transfer  of  Appropriations.  .  48 

Translations — 

To  be  undertaken  only  with 
consent  of  Mission  ...  43 

Of  Scriptures,  Rule  for..  43 
Treasurers — See  Mission,  and  Sta¬ 
tion  Treasurers. 

Treasurer  Reports — 

Required  from  Mission 
Treasurer  45;  48;  63;  65; 

. 67;  69;  76 

Required  from  Station 

Treasurer  . 48;  71 

Required  from  Board 

Treasurer  .  76 

Unfinished  Work  .  77 

Vacations  on  Field  .  26 

Wives  of  Missionaries’  right 

to  vote  .  39 

Work  at  Home — 

Traveling  expenses  of  ...  .  24 

Withdrawal  from  Service — 

Allowances  on  . 31;  32 


37 


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THE  HOLMES 
214-216-218  South  I 

Philadelf  ii-> 


MANUAL 


oarb  of  Jforeisn  iHissions 


^presibpterian  Ct)urcf)  m  tf)t  a. 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND 
MISSIONARY  CANDIDATES 


i  REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD 

\ 

AND  APPROVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


gorfe 

1906 


J 


MANUAL 

OK  THK 

ISoarb  of  Jforeign  illisisiions; 

OF  PHE 

PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 
IN  THE  U.  S.  A. 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND  MISSIONARY 

CANDIDATES 


REriSED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD,  AND 
APPROTED  BY  THE  GENERAE  ASSEMBLY 


Presbyterian  Buildinc 

NEW  YORK 

1906 


INTRODUCTION 


1  he  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  appointed  l>y  tlie  General 
Assembly,  and  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  organizing  and  super¬ 
intending  the  work  of  disseminating  the  (iospel  in  heathen  and 
unevangelized  lands.  It  is  not  an  ecclesiastical  body.  An  im¬ 
portant  part  of  its  work  is  the  selecting  and'  commissioning  of 
suitable  persons  to  labor  as  missionaries  in  the  foreign  field. 
For  such  persons,  as  well  as  for  the  Board  itself  and  missionaries 
already  under  commission,  the  following  pages  are  intended. 

I  bis  iNIanual  is  not  a  contract  and  the  Board  reserves  the  right 
to  modify  or  change  it  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board  at  any 
time  may  seem  wise. 

'I'he  Manual  does  not  embrace  general  questions  of  missionary 
policy  and  administration.  These  are  treated  in  other  publications 
of  the  Board  and  at  the  annual  conferences  with  new  missionaries. 

F.xperience  has  shown  that  confusion  and  misunderstanding 
may  arise  from  neglect  of  the  Manual  and  missionaries  are 
earnestly  advised  to  familiarize  themselves  with  it  thoroughly, 
and  to  keep  a  copy  of  it  at  hand  for  constant  reference. 

I'he  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  work  are  entitled  to 
the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  affections  of  all  who  en¬ 
gage  in  it.  Applicants  for  appointment  as  missionaries  should 
set  before  their  minds  the  authority,  glory  and  grace  of  Christ, 
and  the  honor  of  His  name  in  the  salvation  of  souls  as  their 
great  aim.  They  should  offer  their  services  in  the  work  of  spread¬ 
ing  the  Gospel,  under  a  sense  of  being  di\  inely  called  to  it,  and 
they  should  seek  their  reward  in  cur  blessed  Lord’s  approval. 
I'or  His  sake  they  should  he  willing  to  make  sacrifices,  to  meet 
with  hardships  and  to  endure  privations.  For  His  sake  they 
should  consent  to  suffer  the  want  of  congenial  society  if  neces¬ 
sary,  and  be  willing  to  accept  a  life  of  steady,  unnoticed  labor, 


expecting  to  continue  therein  until  death,  and  looking  for  rest 
and  reward  in  the  world  to  come.  In  these  and  similar  purposes, 
endeavors  and  hopes,  they  and  all  the  friends  of  missions,  stand 
together  in  mntnal  sympathy.  And  it  must  ever  be  deeply  felt 
that  harmonious  and  pleasant  relations  and  co-operation,  both 
among  missionaries  themselves  and  hetw'een  them  and  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  P)card  and  its  executive  officers,  depend  far  less  on 
formal  rnles  than  on  their  common  experience  of  divine  grace — 
the  grace  which  inspires  forbearance,  meekness  and  Christian 
love.  It  is  not  in  any  nndervalning  of  these  high  views,  there¬ 
fore.  that  this  Manual  is  restricted  chiefly  to  the  business  relations 
of  the  Board  and  the  missionaries. 


4 


MANUAL 


APPOINTMENT  OF  MISSIONARIES. 

General  Requirements. 

1.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are  expected 
to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to  health,  Christian 
experience,  etc.,  provided  for  candidates,  and  to  undergo  a  medi¬ 
cal  examination  by  the  family  physician,  and,  when  deemed  neces¬ 
sary,  by  a  physician  designated  by  the  Board.  Also  in  a  letter  of 
application  to  state  briefly ;  their  religious  history ;  motives  for 
desiring  to  engage  in  the  work  of  foreign  missions ;  choice  of 
held,  if  any,  with  reasons  for  the  same ;  experience  in  active 
Christian  service;  whether  they  expect  to  go  married  or  single; 
and  to  furnish  any  other  information  which  the  Board  ought  to 
have,  bearing  upon  their  appointment. 

It  is  most  desirable  that  those  appointed  as  missionaries  should 
have  the  same  general  qualihcations  which  make  a  Christian 
worker  useful  and  successful  at  home ;  that  they  should  have 
been  approved  as  winners  of  souls,  and  that  they  should  possess 
deep  piety  of  life  and  spiritual  power.  Names  should  be  furnished 
of  those  who  can  speak  of  the  candidate’s  qualifications  in  these 
regards. 

The  Board  will  not  commission  men  with  children,  save  in  ex¬ 
ceptional  circumstances. 

Ordained  Missionaries. 

2.  In  addition  to  this,  those  seeking  appointment  as  ordained 
missionaries  will  be  required  to  furnish  testimonials  from  their 
college  and  seminary  professors,  or  something  equivalent,  as  to 
their  literary  and  theological  attainments;  also  recommendations 
from  their  Presbyteries  as  to  their  standing  and  qualifications 
for  missionary  work.  Without  such  recommendation  of  Presby- 


5 


tery,  no  ordained  missionary  will  be  commissioned.  It  is  ex¬ 
pected  that  snch  candidates  should  have  had  some  experience  in 
personal  evangelistic  effort. 

Medical  Missionaries. 

3.  Those  desiring  appointment  as  medical  missionaries  (both 
men  and  women),  in  addition  to  the  general  requirements  and 
qualifications  specified  in  §  i,  must  furnish  testimonials,  es¬ 
pecially  from  the  pastor  or  session  of  the  church  to  which  they 
belong,  as  to  their  Christian  character,  soundness  in  the  faith 
and  adaptation  to  missionary  work;  also  recommendations  from 
competent  persons,  such  as  their  teachers,  as  to  their  literary 
qualifications,  and  from  their  medical  professors  and  others  as 
to  their  professional  attainments. 

Unordained  men,  other  than  medical  missionaries,  applying 
for  appointment,  are  required  to  furnish  similar  testimonials, 
except  the  certificate  of  professional  qualifications;  especially  let¬ 
ters  bearing  upon  their  qualifications  for  the  form  of  missionary- 
work  proposed. 

Single  Women. 

4.  Single  women,  including  physicians,  ought  in  all  ordinary 
cases  to  make  their  application  for  appointment  through  the 
Women’s  Society  or  Board  within  whose  territory  they  reside. 
Such  applicants  are  expected  to  furnish  the  information  required 
in  §  I,  and  recommendations  as  to  their  literary  qualifications, 
Christian  character,  soundness  in  the  faith,  practical  experience 
in  Christian  work,  aptness  to  teach  the  Bible,  and  adaptation  of 
the  form  of  missionary  work  contemplated. 

Single  women  who  are  candidates  for  appointment  as  mis¬ 
sionaries  are  informed  that  it  is  earnestly  recommended: 

1.  That  they  will  not  marry  within  the  circle  of  the  Board’s 
■Missions  in  less  than  three  years  from  the  date  of  their  arrival 
on  the  field ;  and  that  they  will  not  marry  outside  the  Board’s 
Missions  in  less  than  five  years  from  said  date. 

2.  That  single  women  who  are  appointed  as  medical  mission¬ 
aries  will  not  marry,  either  within  or  outside  the  Board’s  Mis¬ 
sions,  in  less  than  five  years  from  the  date  of  their  arrival  on 
the  field. 


6 


The  Wives  of  Missionaries. 

5.  The  wives  of  missionaries  are  regarded  as  associate  mission¬ 
aries,  uniting  with  their  husbands  in  desire  and  efifort  to  give 
the  Gospel  to  the  unevangelized.  It  is  expected  that,  so  far  as  is 
consistent  with  their  strength  and  household  duties,  they  will 
learn  the  language  and  take  part  in  missionary  work.  Wives 
of  men  seeking  appointment,  or  women  e.xpecting  to  become 
wives  of  missionaries,  are  expected  in  a  personal  letter  to  give 
some  account  of  their  religious  experience  and  their  interest 
in  the  cause  of  foreign  mission ;  also  to  furnisfi  satisfactory  tes¬ 
timonials  as  to  their  Christian  character  (usually  from  the  pas¬ 
tor  or  session  of  the  church  with  which  they  are  connected),  their 
experience  in  Christian  work,  and  the  educational  advantages 
they  have  enjoyed;  also  to  answer  the  series  of  personal  ques¬ 
tions  and  to  undergo  the  medical  examination  provided  for  in 
§  I. 

Testimonials. 

6.  Justice  and  kindness  alike  require  that  in  all  cases  testi¬ 
monials  be  full,  discriminating  and  impartial.  I  hey  should  be 
sent  directly  to  the  Hoard  by  those  writing  them,  and  if  desired 
will  be  regarded  as  private  and  confidential. 

Interview  with  Officers, 

7.  It  is  required  that  applicants  for  appointment  shall  per¬ 
sonally  meet  one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries  whenever  possible, 
so  that  in  addition  to  the  statements  and  testimonials  furnished 
there  may  be  the  advantage  of  a  personal  interview.  It  is  be¬ 
lieved  that  this  will  furnish  an  additional  bond  of  sympathy  and 
mutual  interest.  In  the  case  of  single  women  it  is  required  that 
they  shall  meet  some  of  the  officers  of  the  Women’s  Society  or 
Board  to  which  they  naturally  belong  and  whenever  possible 
one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries. 

A  conference  for  new  missionaries  is  held  annually  at  the 
rooms  of  the  Board,  and  unless  specially  excused  all  new  mis¬ 
sionaries  under  appointment  are  e.xpected  to  be  present. 


7 


Degignation  of  Field. 

8.  Designation  of  field  is  frequently  made  at  a  time  subsequent 
to  the  time  of  appointment.  In  making  this  designation  the 
preference  of  the  candidate  is  always  considered.  So  far  as  prac¬ 
ticable,  care  is  taken  to  assign  persons  to  the  field  for  which  they 
seem  to  be  best  fitted,  and  where  they  will  be  likely  to  accomplish 
most  in  the  service  of  Christ.  Assignment  is  usually  to  a  Mis¬ 
sion,  but  may  be  to  a  Station  or  to  a  specific  .work.  New  mis¬ 
sionaries  are  expected  to  comply  with  all  the  regulations  of  the 
Mission  and  Station  to  which  they  may  be  assigned. 

Outfit. 

9.  Wherever  possible,  without  a  severe  tax  on  the  families  of 
outgoing  missionaries,  it  is  desirable  that  the  outfit  be  provided 
without  drawing  on  the  Board’s  treasury.  Where  this  cannot 
he  done,  the  following  grants  are  made,  in  whole  or  in  part,  as 
may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  missionaries  under  appointment : 

To  an  unmarried  missionary  .....  $200 

To  a  man  and  his  wife  ......  $400 

except  where,  by  vote  of  the  Mission  and  approval  of  the  Board, 
smaller  grants  may  be  agreed  upon. 

The  outfit  allowance  is  to  be  used  only  for  proper  expenses, 
and  is  payable  within  three  months  of  the  time  of  departure  to 
the  field,  and  not  after  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  unless  other¬ 
wise  specially  arranged. 

Outfit  lists,  indicating  articles  most  needed  on  the  field,  have 
been  prepared  by  the  several  Missions,  copies  of  which  will  be 
sent  to  the  persons  appointed,  according  to  the  designation  of 
field. 

.A.s  a  rule  no  second  outfit  is  allowed. 

Medical  Outfit. 

10.  There  will  be  provided  for  a  medical  missionary,  whenever 
necessary  an  allowance  not  to  exceed  $150,  for  the  purchase  of  a 
I'urgical  outfit.  On  withdrawal  of  missionary  physicians  from 
connection  with  the  Board,  all  such  outfits  shall  be  reported  to 
the  Board  and  turned  over  to  the  Station  Treasurers  to  be  held 
subject  to  the  Board’s  instructions. 


8 


On  the  removal  of  a  medical  missionary  from  one  Station  to 
another  the  medical  outfit  shall  remain  for  the  successor,  unless 
the  medical  work  is  to  be  closed  or  unless  there  is  no  outfit  at 
the  Station  to  which  removal  is  made. 

Return  of  Outfit. 

11.  Should  a  missionary  retire  from  the  field  after  a  service 
of  three  years  or  less,  for  any  other  cause  than  that  of  failure 
of  health,  it  is  expected  that  an  equitable  return  of  the  outfit 
allowance  will  be  made  to  the  Board,  due  regard  being  had  to 
the  expenses  incurred  and  services  rendered.  All  furniture  pur¬ 
chased  with  the  outfit  allowance  will  be  regarded  as  the  property 
of  the  Board. 

New  missionaries  shall  on  their  arrival  on  the  field,  or  as  soon 
thereafter  as  possible,  render  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  or  if 
there  be  a  Station  Treasurer,  then  through  him  to  the  Mission 
Treasurer,  a  list  of  outfit  purchases  made  by  them  with  the  out¬ 
fit  allowances  provided  by  the  Board,  together  with  the  prices 
paid,  d'his  list  to  be  itemized,  save  that  clothing,  including 
under  clothing,  hose,  shoes,  dresses,  etc.,  can  be  classed  in  one 
item  as  personal  clothing. 

Medical  Missionaries  shall  as  soon  as  possible  after  arriving 
on  the  field  in  a  similar  manner  file  an  inventory  of  purchases 
made  with  the  medical  outfit  allowance,  and  also  keep  a  list 
available  of  purchases  of  instruments  and  hospital  furnishings 
made  from  the  earnings  of  the  hospitals  under  their  charge. 

The  Journey. 

12.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from  the  home 
of  the  missionary  to  his  Station  by  a  direct  route.  Should  any 
missionary  wish  to  deviate  from  this  direct  route  and  there  be 
no  reason  to  the  contrary  he  shall  receive  a  sum  equal  to  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  the  direct  journey  as  estimated  by  the  Board  at  the 
time.  The  expense  is  based  upon  the  shortest  and  least  ex¬ 
pensive  route,  and  is  not  intended  to  include  items  of  emergency 
beyond  those  incident  to  delays  from  disarranged  service.  In 
case  of  deviation  from  the  direct  route  or  delays,  the  additional 
expense  of  which  is  assumed  by  the  missionary,  the  time  thus 

9 


consumed  will  be  taken  into  consideration  in  fixing  the  date  at 
which  home  allowance  shall  begin. 

The  Board  pays  freight  and  customs  duties  to  Missions  out¬ 
side  of  the  United  States  within  reasonable  limits  and  not  on 
more  than  is  included  in  the  regular  freight  and  baggage  allow¬ 
ance.  The  freight  allowance  for  new  missionaries  is  two  meas¬ 
ured  tons  for  a  single  missionary,  and  four  tons  for  a  married 
missionary,  except  as  may  be  determined  by  special  action  of  the 

Board. 

Each  missionary  is  allowed  lOO  pounds  of  baggage  in  excess  of 
the  amount  carried  free  by  the  railroads,  from  his  home  to  the 
place  of  embarkation.  The  usual  allowance  on  steamers  is  250 
or  300  pounds.  On  these  points  specific  instructions  will  be  fur¬ 
nished  after  designation  of  field.  A  Travel  Manual  is  provided, 
containing  further  instructions  as  to  Travel. 

Passports. 

13.  Passports  are  not  absolutely  necessary  for  all  countries. 
As  exigencies  may  arise  in  any  foreign  country,  however,  when 
a  passport  would  be  of  service,  all  missionaries  are  instructed  to 
procure  them.  A  blank  for  this  purpose  will  be  forwarded  to 
persons  under  appointment  when  their  field  is  designated. 

MISSIONARIES  AND  THEIR  WORK. 

Salary.  * 

14.  The  salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  countries 
according  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  determined  by  the 
Board  after  correspondence  with  the  Missions.  The  general  idea 
on  which  they  are  fixed  is  that  of  giving  a  comfortable  support 
to  the  missionaries  while  they  continue  under  commission  of  the 
Board  on  the  Mission  field.  Usually  a  house  is  provided  or  house 
rent  paid,  a  salary  to  a  married  man,  with  an  allowance  for  each 
child  under  eighteen  years  of  age,  one-half  of  the  salary  of  a 
married  man  to  one  unmarried,  (with  exceptions  in  some  Mis¬ 
sions  where  the  necessities  of  a  comfortable  support  require  more) 
and  to  a  single  woman  one-half  of  the  salary  of  a  married  mis- 

10 


sionary.  To  a  missionary  remaining  at  his  post  while  his  wife 
returns  to  this  country,  the  salary  of  an  unmarried  missionary  is 
allowed. 

In  case  of  a  married  missionary  or  child  the  full  salary  or 
allowance  shall  be  continued  to  the  end  of  the  month,  but  in  the 
case  of  an  unmarried  missionary,  either  man  or  woman,  the 
salary  shall  cease  with  death. 

15.  The  salary  begins  as  a  rule  on  the  arrival  of  missionaries 
at  their  Stations,  and  ends  when  they  leave  their  Stations  on  their 
return  to  this  country,  or  on  the  termination  of  their  connection 
with  the  board.  Salaries  shall  be  paid  to  the  missionaries  at  the 
end  of  each  month,  so  far  as  practicable,  and  all  such  accounts 
must  he  closed  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  April  30th. 

16.  In  the  case  of  a  missionary  left  a  widower  with  children 
and  keeping  house,  and  of  a  widow  similarly  situated,  the  salary 
shall  be  specially  arranged  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances. 

Term  of  Service  and  Furloughs. 

17.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  service  for 
LIFE,  if  the  Lord  will.  Occasional  furloughs,  however,  are  in 
complete  accord  with  such  service.  The  change  afforded  tends  to 
preserve  or  restore  the  health  and  energies  of  the  missionaries, 
and  their  presence  in  the  churches  at  home  increases  interest 
in  mission  work. 

A  few  familiar  and  well-established  principles  should  he  kept 
in  mind : 

First — Missionaries  live  and  work  amid  conditions  which  are 
not  only  trying  to  health,  but  which  involve  peculiar  nervous 
strain.  It  is  therefore  not  only  desirable,  but  necessary,  that  they 
should  have  occasional  furloughs  in  the  United  States  for  pur¬ 
poses  of  physical  recuperation,  mental  change  and  spiritual 
reinvigoratior. 

Second — The  frequency  with  which  said  furloughs  should  be 
taken  varies  with  the  degree  of  isolation,  the  healthfulness  of  the 
climate  and  the  vigor  of  the  mis.sionary,  there  being  wide  differ¬ 
ences  in  these  respects  which  make  any  rigid  and  uniform  term 
of  doubtful  e.xpediency. 


II 


Third — While  the  Board  can  establish  the  approximate  term 
of  service  for  the  country,  there  is  force  in  the  suggestion  which 
has  come  from  the  field,  that  the  Mission  itself  can  best 
determine  the  precise  limits  for  the  individual  missionary,  as  it 
is  more  conversant  with  the  physical  condition  of  the  individual 
and  with  the  work  which  will  be  affected  by  his  departure. 

Fourth — The  vastness  of  the  field  and  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  the  laborers,  the  urgent  importance  of  every  avail¬ 
able  missionary  being  at  his  post  the  serious  interference  with 
the  work  which  furloughs  necessitate  and  the  additional  bur¬ 
dens  which  they  lay  upon  already  overworked  colleagues  as  well 
as  their  costliness,  and  the  criticism,  however  unwarranted,  which 
they  frequently  cause  in  this  country,  render  it  desirable  that  the 
furloughs  should  be  limited  to  the  reasonable  necessities  of  each 
case.  It  is  believed  that  increased  facilities  for  intercommunica¬ 
tion,  and  the  extension  of  the  conveniences  of  civilization,  make 
the  lot  of  the  missionary  more  tolerable  than  it  was  a  generation 
ago,  and  that  in  these  circumstances  it  is  not  unreasonable  to 
expect  that  the  tendency  should  be  toward  a  lengthened  rather 
than  toward  a  shortened  term  of  service. 

For  the  Mexico  Mission  in  ordinary  cases,  missionaries  after 
a  period  of  at  least  ten  years’  continuous  service  on  the  field, 
may,  with  the  consent  of  the  Mission,  return  to  the  United  States 
on  furlough,  the  same  principle  to  hold  good  in  the  case  of 
single  women. 

For  the  Guatemala,  Colombia  (except  Barranquilla),  Chili, 
Southern  Brazil  Missions,  the  term  shall  be  at  least  nine  years; 
for  Peking,  East  and  West  Shantunk,  Korea,  Syria,  Eastern 
and  Western  Japan,  Canton,  Central  China,  Flainan,  Lodiana, 
Furrukhabad,  Western  India,  East  and  West  Persia  and  Central 
Brazil  the  term  shall  be  at  least  eight  years.  F'or  the  Siam  Laos 
and  Philippine  Missions,  and  the  Barranquilla  Station  of  the 
Colombia  Mission,  at  least  six  years,  and  for  the  West  Africa 
.Mission,  three  years,  and  all  furloughs  eight  months  in  addition 
to  the  time  required  for  travel. 

.A  missiorary  is  not  to  assume  that  he  is  to  take  a  furlough  at 
the  expiration  of  the  minimum  term  of  service  for  his  Mission, 


12 


irrespective  of  his  physical  condition  and  the  needs  of  the  work, 
but  if  he  completes  that  term  of  service  in  the  possession  of  good 
health  he  is  to  remain  for  a  longer  period,  the  Mission  deter¬ 
mining  the  question  as  to  whether  he  shall  return  to  the  United 
States  and  at  what  time,  the  rule  and  expectation  being  that  the 
term  of  office  shall  approximate  a  longer  period.  Inasmuch  as 
the  Board  makes  exceptions  in  the  case  of  missionaries  whose 
health  requires  it,  it  is  felt  that  no  hardship  is  involved  in  thus 
lengthening  the  general  term,  'fhe  hope  is  also  expressed  that 
special  care  will  be  taken  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  Para¬ 
graph  i8  of  the  Manual,  and  that  when  risks  of  climate  interfere 
with  the  return  at  the  exact  termination  of  the  term  of  years 
determined  upon  in  accordance  with  the  above  principles,  there 
will  be  thoughtful  consideration  whether  the  requisite  relief  can 
not  be  obtained  by  shortening  rather  than  lengthening  the  fur¬ 
lough. 

The  Board  would  impress  upon  the  Missions  the  importance  of 
their  inserting  provision  for  anticipated  furloughs  in  their  an¬ 
nual  estimates.  As  special  appropriations  cannot  be  made  except 
in  cases  of  health  emergency,  a  failure  to  incorporate  travelling 
expenses  in  the  estimates  will  ordinarily  be  considered  an  ade¬ 
quate  reason  for  deferring  a  furlough  till  the  following  year. 

The  following  special  rules  for  particular  Missions  shall  apply 
to  the  Missions  designated : 

In  the  case  of  the  Persia,  Central  China,  Japan,  Canton  and 
Hainan  Missions,  when  the  missionaries  are  able  to  leave  their 
stations  in  July,  and  leave  the  United  States  for  return  to  the  field 
in  August,  they  shall  be  allowed  to  leave  in  the  July  preceding 
the  fall  in  which  their  term  of  service  would  expire  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  preceding  principles  as  to  the  minimum  number 
of  years  and  the  required  judgment  of  the  Mission.  When  they 
must  leave  the  field  earlier  than  July,  they  shall  be  allowed  to  do 
so  as  late  as  is  prudent  in  the  spring  or  summer  succeeding  the 
fall  in  which  their  term  of  service  would  expire,  in  accordance 
with  the  preceding  principles  as  to  the  minimum  numl>er  of  years 
and  the  required  judgment  of  the  Mission,  and  the  length  of  the 
furlough  in  such  cases  shall  be  e.xtended  so  as  to  enable  them  to 


13 


do  this  and  return  in  the  proper  season  of  the  year  at  the  expira¬ 
tion  of  the  furlough,  the  furlough  in  such  cases,  however,  not 
to  exceed  at  the  most  hfteen  months. 

For  the  three  India  Missions,  that  the  time  for  leaving  the 
field  on  regular  furlough  in  these  missions  be  about  the  first  of 
April  following  the  completion  of  the  full  term  of  service  (as 
determined  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing  principles),  and  that 
the  time  for  leaving  the  United  States  in  returning  to  India  after 
the  furlough  be  about  the  middle  of  September  of  the  following 
year,  the  date  of  the  departure  from  the  field  to  be  fixed  by  the 
Mission  in  accordance  with  Paragraph  i8  of  the  Manual. 

For  Mexico,  Guatemala  and  Colombia  (save  Barrarquilla), 
that  an  option  be  given  as  between  a  furlough  of  one  year  after 
a  service  of  not  less  than  ten  years  in  the  case  of  Mexico  and  nine 
years  in  the  case  of  Guatemala  and  Colombia,  or  of  six  months 
after  a  service  of  not  less  than  five  years,  the  usual  home  allow¬ 
ance  to  be  paid,  but  in  case  of  the  six  months’  furlough,  one-half 
of  the  travelling  allowance  shall  be  made. 

In  cases  where  a  missionary  shall  have  been  on  the  field  longer 
than  the  usual  term,  and  his  wife  for  a  period  shorter  than  the 
term,  or  vice  versa,  it  shall  be  allowable  to  fix  the  minimum  term 
of  service  at  a  medium  or  average  point  for  the  two. 

The  Board  cannot  assume  the  responsibility  of  bringing  mis¬ 
sionary  famili'^s  home  to  the  United  States  on  account  of  the 
health  of  children.  Its  responsibilities  in  the  matter  of  travelling 
expenses  are  defined  in  the  Manual.  It  provides  for  the  regular 
furlough  of  missiona.fies.  Manual,  Paragraphs  17-18,  for  their 
return  on  account  of  their  own  health  when  required  Paragraph 
17,  and  when  they  withdraw  from  the  work.  Paragraph  31.  It 
provides  for  the  travelling  expenses  of  children  to  and  from  the 
field,  as  specified  in  Paragraph  34:  beyond  this  the  Board  feels 
that  it  is  not  proper  to  go  in  the  use  of  Mission  funds  in  pro¬ 
viding  furloughs  and  travelling  expenses  on  account  of  health, 
or  in  the  cases  of  children. 

I'he  Board  will  interpret  and  apply  these  principles  in  a  just 
and  reasonable  way. 

14 


Any  other  leave  of  absence  than  the  furlough  thus  provided 
for  should  be  by  vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation  of  the 
Mission,  except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health  does  not 
admit  of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of  the  Mission  will 
be  deemed  sufficient ;  the  action  to  be  promptly  reported  to  the 
Board  with  medical  certificate.  The  Board  has  adopted  and 
furnished  the  Missions  with  a  form  of  certificate,  and  the  recep¬ 
tion  and  approval  of  these  certificates,  together  with  the  judg¬ 
ment  of  the  Mission  thereon  must  precede  the  settlement  of  the 
travelling  account  of  a  missionary  returning  to  the  United  States, 
when  no  provision  has  been  made  for  such  return  in  the  annual 
appropriations.  Where  a  consultation  of  the  medical  missionaries 
of  a  mission  is  practicable,  it  shall  only  be  on  the  recommendation 
of  such  a  conference  that  missionaries  shall  be  ordered  home  on 
account  of  health. 

18.  Furloughs  except  as  specified  above  are  for  one  year  only, 
except  for  the  West  African  Mission,  where  the  furlough  shall 
be  eight  months,  in  addition  to  the  time  required  for  a  direct 
journey  to  and  from  the  field.  As  these  furloughs  should  be  ex¬ 
tended  by  the  Board  only  for  imperative  reasons,  great  care 
ought  to  be  taken  in  fixing  the  time  of  departure  from  the  field, 
so  that  risks  of  climate  may  rot  interfere  with  the  return  at  the 
expiration  of  the  year.  The  approximate  date  of  departure  from 
the  field  should  be  fixed  at  regular  meeting  by  the  Mission  and 
reported  to  the  Board.  If  it  cannot  be  fixed  at  a  regular  meeting, 
it  should  be  arranged  by  circular  letter  or  by  the  Executive  Com¬ 
mittee.  (See  §  qi.) 

Place  of  Furlough. 

19.  As  furloughs,  while  primarily  contemplating  the  health  of 
the  missionary,  have  reference  also  to  the  advantage  of  the  mis¬ 
sion  cause  in  the  Church  at  home,  it  is  desirable  that  they  be 
spent  in  the  United  States.  Any  missionary  wishing  to  spend 
part  of  the  furlough  in  foreign  countries  is  expected  to  corre¬ 
spond  with  the  Board  with  reference  to  the  time  to  be  so  spent 
and  the  date  at  which  the  home  allowance  shall  begin.  (See  §§ 
18,  23.) 


15 


As  the  Board  pays  the  travel  expense  to  the  home  of  the  mis¬ 
sionary,  it  is  necessary  that  the  domicile  be  stated  when  render¬ 
ing  the  travel  account  and  that  the  journey  thereto  be  according 
to  the  provision  of  Paragraph  12. 

Travelling  on  Furlough. 

20.  When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted,  the  Board  defrays 
the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct  route  from  his 
station  to  the  home  of  the  missionary  in  this  country.  The  al¬ 
ternative  proposition  of  §  12,  regarding  journey  to  the  field,  is 
available  for  the  home  journey  as  well.  (See  §§  18,  19,  23.)  One 
measured  ton  of  freight,  without  customs  duties  is  allowed  each 
adult  and  one-half  ton  for  each  child,  and  one  hundred  pounds  of 
excess  baggage  on  railroad  lines. 

In  returning  to  the  field  after  furlough  the  same  rules  apply 
as  in  coming  to  this  country. 

21.  Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made  on  the 
most  economical  basis  consistent  with  comfort  and  safety,  and 
wherever  possible  by  the  Mission  Treasurer  through  accredited 
agents  of  the  Board.  Missionaries  should  obtain  from  the  Mis¬ 
sion  Treasurer  copies  of  the  Travel  Manual  with  full  detailed 
instructions. 

22.  Missionaries  in  returning  home  should  bring  a  statement 
of  accounts  from  the  Mfission  Treasurer  or  Station  Treasurer, 
such  statement  to  cover  the  salary  account  and  other  accounts, 
and  funds  furnished  for  travelling  expenses.  As  soon  as  possible 
after  arriving  in  New  York  they  should  report  at  the  Mission 
House.  Should  they  arrive  at  any  other  port,  they  should  at  once 
send  to  the  Treasurer  a  full  statement  of  travelling  expenses ; 
also  home  address. 

Home  Allowance. 

23.  The  allowance  while  at  home  shall  be  $900  per  annum  to 
a  husband  and  wife,  and  $450  to  an  unmarried  man,  to  a  wife, 
her  husband  remaining  on  the  field,  or  to  a  single  woman.  These 
sums  may  be  supplemented  in  cases  of  special  need. 

The  home  allowance  begins  when  the  payment  of  travelling 
expenses  from  the  field  ceases,  and  ends  when  the  payment  of 

16 


travelling  expenses  to  the  field  begins ;  or  whenever  the  alterna¬ 
tive  offered  in  the  second  sentence  of  Paragraph  12  is  accepted, 
the  home  allowance  shall  begin, at  the  time  the  missionary  would 
have  reached  his  home  in  this  country  by  a  direct  route.  And 
the  same  principle  shall  be  applied  when  the  journey  is  toward 
the  field. 

The  home  allowance  of  widows  and  widowers  with  children 
shall  be  presumptively  that  of  unmarried  missionaries,  with  the 
understanding  that  these  amounts  may  be  supplemented  if  this 
is  found  to  be  necessary. 

Home  allowance  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  for  one 
year,  except  as  serious  physical  disability,  certified  to  by  a  com¬ 
petent  physician,  may  call  for  a  longer  period,  or  in  case  of  mis¬ 
sionaries  connected  with  Missions  where  the  Board  has  provided 
a  longer  period  of  furlough  as  in  Paragraph  18. 

Work  at  Home. 

24.  It  is  expected  that  missionaries  while  in  the  United  States 
will  avail  themselves  of  all  reasonable  opportunities  to  arouse  the 
zeal  and  interest  of  individuals  and  organizations  in  the  mission 
work.  The  interests  of  the  work  as  a  whole,  however  require 
that  no  effort  should  be  made  to  secure  funds  for  any  object  not 
approved  by  the  Board.  (  See  §  48. ) 

The  Board  defrays  the  travelling  e.xpenses  of  missionaries  vis¬ 
iting  ecclesiastical  bodies  or  churches  in  this  country  at  its  re¬ 
quest,  when  the  expenses  are  not  otherwise  paid. 

Extension  of  Furlough. 

25.  For  satisfactory  reasons  the  furlough  may  be  extended, 
but  at  the  end  of  the  time  agreed  upon,  if  the  consent  of  the 
Board  is  not  given,  payment  of  salary  and  other  expenses  will  be 
discontinued,  and  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  the  connection  of 
the  missionary  with  the  Board  will  be  terminated,  unless  in  spe- 
ical  cases.  ( See  §  18.) 

Vacations  on  the  Field. 

26.  Such  brief  vacations  on  the  field  as  may  be  necessary  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  mission  force  are  to  be  determined  both 


17 


as  to  time  and  length  by  the  Missions,  on  the  basis  of  plans  sub¬ 
mitted  by  the  Missions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

The  Board  provides  sanitariums  in  some  Missions  where  cli¬ 
matic  and  other  conditions  render  them  necessary  to  health,  but 
it  deems  it  inexpedient  to  pay  travelling  expenses  to  or  from  such 
sanitariums  save  in  cases  of  special  urgency,  to  be  determined 
after  correspondence  with  the  Board  touching  the  merits  of  each 
case. 

Medical  Expenses. 

27.  At  Stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring  under 
commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  regarded  as  the  physicians 
of  the  missionary  families  connected  with  the  Board,  to  render 
service  to  them  without  charge,  and  the  Board  does  not  engage 
to  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  seeking  medical  aid 
elsewhere.  Where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  or  other  physi¬ 
cian,  the  Board  will  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  reach¬ 
ing  or  obtaining  the  nearest  competent  physician  or  surgeon.  At 
Stations  where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  of  the  Board  an 
allowance  for  medical  attendance  will  be  made,  the  amount  to 
be  included  in  the  estimates  as  a  Station  appropriation.  When 
in  exceptional  cases  this  amount  is  necessarily  exceeded  an  appli¬ 
cation  in  regular  form  for  special  appropriation  may  be  made  to 
the  Board.  No  medical  allowance  can  be  made  for  missionaries 
on  furlough  in  the  United  States,  except  in  circumstances  of 
extraordinary  necessity. 

Knowledge  of  the  Vernacular. 

28.  The  ability  to  read,  but  especially  to  speak,  the  native  lan¬ 
guage,  is  an  indispensable  qualification  for  missionary  service. 
To  aid  in  securing  this  each  Mission  is  required,  through  com¬ 
petent  committees,  to  examine  all  new  missionaries  at  the  close 
of  the  first  and  second  years  of  service,  and  at  such  other  times 
as  the  Mission  may  deem  wise,  as  to  their  knowledge  of  the  native 
tongue,  and  to  report  the  result  to  the  Board.  (See  §§  36,  39.) 
.As  a  rule  those  who,  after  fair  trial,  are  unable  to  master  the  lan¬ 
guage  of  the  people  among  whom  tliey  labor,  will  not  be  con¬ 
tinued  in  commission. 


t8 


Personal  teachers  will  he  provided  for  all  missionaries  for  a 
period  not  exceeding  three  years,  with  the  understanding — 

1.  That  if  the  requisite  examinations  are  passed  before  this, 
and  a  teacher  is  not  needed,  his  employment  ceases. 

2.  That  as  a  rule,  and  save  with  Mission  approval  for  the  ex¬ 
ception,  one  teacher  shall  suffice  for  a  man  and  wife.  That  in 
Missions  where  a  subsequent  or  ‘‘high  efficiency”  examination  is 
provided,  teachers  shall  be  supplied  for  those  who  undertake 
this. 

3.  In  other  Missions,  where  it  is  deemed  advisable  by  the  Mis¬ 
sion  that  language  study  should  continue  beyond  the  three 
years  above  provided  for,  personal  teachers  shall  be  supplied,  one 
for  each  two  missionaries  pursuing  such  studies,  where  comhina- 
tion  is  possible. 

4.  In  no  case  shall  personal  teachers  be  provided  for  more 
than  five  years,  without  special  authority  from  the  Board. 

5.  Writers  or  copyists  may  be  provided  for  missionaries  em¬ 
ployed  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission  in  literary  work,  where 
such  are  needed. 

In  Missions  where  it  is  necessary  to  learn  a  second  language 
the  above  rules  shall  apply  afre.sh  in  the  case  of  the  second  lan¬ 
guage  and  the  employment  of  a  teacher  therefor. 

Remuneration  for  Outside  Work. 

29.  The  missionary  while  in  connection  with  the  Board  will 
give  his  time  and  strength  to  the  work  of  foreign  missions  under 
the  general  direction  of  the  Mission,  and  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  Manual.  If,  with  the  e.xpress  sanction  of  the 
Mission  and  the  Board,  he  shall  temporarily  undertake  work  not 
under  the  care  oi  the  Board,  any  sum  of  money  paid  for  such 
work  shall  be  turned  into  the  treasury  of  the  Mission  and  re¬ 
ported  to  the  Board,  except  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission  and 
the  explicit  consent  of  the  Board  to  the  contrary.  Where  the 
regular  work  is  a  source  of  revenue,  such  as  medical  fees,  etc., 
the  amount  received  shall  be  similarly  reported.  (See  §  45.) 


19 


Pensions. 

30.  No  pensions  are  allowed  under  any  circumstances;  but 
if  missionaries  when  aged  and  infirm  remain  in  the  field  with  the 
approval  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  their  salaries  shall  be 
continued  because  of  such  service  as  they  may  he  able  to  render 
and  the  good  influence  of  their  Christian  example,  counsels  and 
prayers.  All  other  cases  naturally  fall  within  the  scope  of  the 
Board  of  Ministerial  Relief.  (See  §§  31,  32.) 

Withdrawals  from  Service. 

31.  In  the  event  of  withdrawal  from  missionary  service  for 
reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  it  will  defray  the 
expenses  of  the  journey  to  this  country,  provided  said  journey 
he  made  within  a  year  from  the  date  of  withdrawal,  and  may 
make  a  grant  of  funds  to  meet  present  exigencies  in  cases  of 
special  need.  If  further  assistance  is  required  after  his  return 
and  his  ceasing  to  be  connected  with  the  Board,  the  case  of  the 
ordained  missionary  and  his  family  falls  within  the  province  of 
the  Ministerial  Relief  Fund  of  the  General  Assembly  in  com¬ 
mon  with  the  cases  of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  in  this  country 
in  like  circumstances. 

32.  The  General  Assembly  in  1885  extended  the  privilege  of 
the  Relief  Fund  to  “women  who  have  given  themselves  to  the 
missionary  work,”  on  the  same  condition  as  to  ministers,  and  in 
1889  extended  the  same  privilege  to  “lay  missionaries  commis¬ 
sioned  by  the  Foreign  Board.” 

Children  of  Missionaries. 

33.  An  allowance  of  $100  is  made  for  each  child  under  eighteen 
years  of  age.  When  both  parents  or  one  parent,  the  other  being 
deceased,  are  on  the  field  and  the  children  in  the  United  States, 
this  allowance  is  increased  to  $150.  This  grant  ceases  when  the 
missionary  ceases  to  be  connected  with  the  Board,  but  is  con¬ 
tinued  within  the  same  age  limits  to  the  children  of  a  mission¬ 
ary  who  may  have  died  in  the  service.  The  Board  can  not  pro¬ 
vide  children’s  allowance  in  case  of  the  adopted  children  of  mis¬ 
sionaries.  In  the  case  of  all  missionaries  appointed  or  commit 


20 


sioned  since  1897  the  amount  of  children’s  allowance  to  be  paid  to 
any  one  missionary  family  shall  not  exceed  $500. 

34.  The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the  chil¬ 
dren  of  missionaries  to  this  country  under  the  age  of  eighteen, 
provided  that  the  number  of  single  trips  of  any  child  between  this 
country  and  the  foreign  field  for  which  the  Board  shall  be  re¬ 
sponsible  shall  not  exceed  four;  but  it  does  not  engage  to  meet 
the  expense  of  their  return  after  the  age  of  sixteen  to  the  coun¬ 
try  from  which  they  came  unless  they  gO'  out  as  missionaries 
under  appointment  by  the  Board. 

35.  The  Board  counsels  missionaries  that  when  practicable  and 
expedient,  their  children  should  be  placed  in  the  immediate 
charge  of  relatives  or  friends,  in  order  that  the  Homes  at  Woos¬ 
ter,  Ohio,  provided  through  the  generosity  of  Christian  friends, 
may  be  available  for  those  who  need  them  most.  These  Homes 
are  under  the  direction  of  a  Board  of  Managers,  responsible  to 
the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Children  are  admitted  by  ^ 
vote  of  the  Managers,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  at  a  cost 
of  $175  per  annum,  for  boarding  and  home.  This  amount  is 
paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 
In  any  case,  the  Board  does  not  assume  any  responsibility  for 
missionaries’  children  beyond  doing  everything  in  its  power  to 
aid  the  parents  in  making  satisfactory  arrangements. 

When  a  missionary  is  on  furlough,  whose  children  have  been 
receiving  $150  each,  on  account  of  their  being  in  this  country  and 
the  parents  being  on  the  field,  the  extra  allowance  of  $50  for  • 
each  child,  provided  by  Paragraph  33,  shall  cease,  this  amount 
being  payable  only  when  parents  are  on  the  field  and  the  children 
in  this  country.  On  furlough  the  allowance  is  $100  for  each  child. 

Right  to  Recall. 

36.  1  he  Board  reserves  the  right  of  recalling  missionaries  or 
of  revoking  their  appointment  for  sufficient  reasons,  which  are 
to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly, 
w'ith  the  minutes  of  the  Board.  When  the  usefulness  of  any 
missionary  is  open  to  serious  question  on  the  field  in  which  he 
has  been  laboring,  it  shall  he  the  duty  of  the  Mission  to  make 


2T 


proper  investigation  and  to  report  its  judgment  to  the  Board. 
(See  §28.)  .After  the  connection  of  missionaries  with  the  Board 
has  heen  terminated,  no  payments  of  money  on  their  account  will 
he  made  unless  by  special  agreement. 

THE  PRESBYTERY. 

37.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  to  magnify  the  Presbytery, 
and  to  have  such  parts  of  the  w'ork  committed  to  its  direction 
and  control  as  the  Mission,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board, 
may  deem  wise  from  time  to  time,  looking  to  the  speedy  estab¬ 
lishment  of  a  self-supporting  and  self-propagating  native  Church. 

The  Board  can  not  provide  travelling  or  other  expenses 
for  natives  or  missionaries  in  connection  with  the  ecclesiastical 
meetings  of  the  native  churches,  c.  g..  Presbytery  and  Synod. 

38.  With  reference  to  the  relations  of  the  Missions  and  native 
Churches  and  Presbyteries  attention  is  called  to  the  action  of  the 
General  Assembly,  Minutes  of  i8g8,  page  73. 

“That  in  the  Judgment  of  the  Assembly  the  best  results  of 
Mission  Work  in  Brazil  and  other  foreign  fields  will  be  attained 
only  when  right  lines  of  distinction  are  observed  between  the 
functions  of  the  native  Churches  and  the  functions  of  the  for¬ 
eign  Missions;  the  Missions  contributing  to  the  establishment  of 
the  native  Churches  and  looking  forward  to  passing  on  into  the 
regions  beyond  when  their  work  is  done,  and  the  native  Churches 
growing  up  with  an  independent  identity  from  the  beginning, 
administering  their  own  contributions  and  resources  unentangled 
with  any  responsibility  for  the  administration  of  the  Missions  or 
of  the  funds  committed  to  the  Missions.’’ 

THE  MISSION. 


Mission. 

39.  In  general  a  Mission  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries 
under  appointment  by  the  Board  within  specified  territorial  limits. 
For  the  transaction  of  business  the  men  are  regarded  as  consti¬ 
tuting  the  administrative  force  of  the  Mission.  The  women  of 
the  Mission,  however,  who  are  actively  engaged  in  Mission  work 


22 


(the  Mission  to  determine  when  this  condition  is  met),  are 
entitled  to  vote  on  what  is  known  as  Woman’s  Work.  Each  Mis¬ 
sion  has  authority,  also,  should  it  so  desire,  to  extend  the  right 
of  voting  on  all  questions  to  the  women  of  the  Mission.  No 
missionary  shall  have  a  right  to  vote  until  after  one  year’s  service 
in  connection  with  the  Mission,  and  until  he  shall  have  passed 
the  language  examinations  appointed  for  the  first  year.  ( See 
§  28.) 

The  wives  of  missionaries  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
Paragraphs  28  ai  d  39  of  the  Manual  withholding  from  mission¬ 
aries  the  right  to  vote  until  they  have  passed  the  language  ex¬ 
aminations  for  the  first  year. 

Powers  of  the  Mission. 

40.  The  Mission  has  the  general  care  and  supervision  of  all 
work  within  its  limits.  All  questions  of  policy,  method  and  ex¬ 
penditure  are  subject  to  its  judgment,  and  all  requests  requir¬ 
ing  the  action  of  the  Board  should  be  accompanied  by  the  action 
of  the  Mission  upon  them.  Tours  of  exploration  or  any  un¬ 
usual  work  should  be  undertaken  only  with  the  advice  of  the 
Mission. 

d'he  Mission  a.ssigns  and  in  general  supervises  the  work  of  in¬ 
dividual  missionaries,  to  the  end  that  all  forms  of  labor  may 
have  the  benefit  of  united  counsel  and  may  promote  the  inter¬ 
ests  of  the  work  as  a  whole.  It  is  proper,  of  course,  that  the 
views  of  all  missionaries  regarding  their  location  and  w'ork  should 
be  heard  and  fully  considered,  and  if  any  missionary  shall  be 
dissatisfied  with  the  action  of  the  Mission,  an  appeal  to  the  Board 
for  final  decision  can  be  made. 

Executive  Committee. 

41.  Any  Mission  may  at  its  annual  meeting  appoint  an  Ex¬ 
ecutive  Committee,  ad  interim,  to  have  authority  to  indorse  as 
approved  any  request  to  the  Board.  All  actions  submitted  to  this 
Committee  must  have  the  approval  of  the  proper  Station  or 
Stations.  (See  §§  48,  50.) 

Any  Mission  may  commit  to  its  Executive  Committee,  if  it 


-’3 


desires,  the  discharge  of  any  of  the  functions  and  duties  of  the 
Mission  as  defined  in  the  Manual. 

Mission  Meetings. 

42.  The  Mission  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  and  be  gov¬ 
erned  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  church  judicatories,  so  far  as 
applicable,  and  it  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  its  proceedings, 
copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  soon  after  each  meet¬ 
ing.  On  questions  involving  requests  for  appropriations,  the  ex¬ 
penditure  of  funds  and  the  location,  transfer  or  retirement  of 
missionaries,  a  two-thirds  vote  shall  be  required.  In  all  other 
cases  a  majority  shall  decide.  The  travelling  expenses  to  Mis¬ 
sion  meetings  shall  iDe  met  (unless  under  peculiar  circumstances) 
only  for  those  who  are  voting  members,  and  those  wbo  have  not 
completed  their  first  year  of  service.  (See  §  39.) 

Missions  and  missionaries  in  transmitting  matters  requiring 
Board  action  are  requested  to  transmit  them  in  strictly  business 
communications,  distinct  from  matters  of  general  missionary  in¬ 
terest.  After  each  Mission  meeting  the  Secretary  of  the  Mission 
shall  make  a  separate  list  of  such  acts  of  the  Mission  metting  as 
may  require  Board  action,  and  transmit  them  as  promptly  as  pos¬ 
sible  to  the  Board  in  a  separate  communication. 

Literary  Work. 

43.  Literary  work,  such  as  translating  and  the  preparation  of 
religious  and  educational  books,  should  be  undertaken  only  with 
the  consent  or  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission,  and  by  per¬ 
sons  adjudged  to  be  most  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  lan¬ 
guage.  All  translations  of  the  Scriptures  are  to  be  governed  by 
the  action  of  the  Board  (April  16,  1894)  : 

“Inasmuch  as  the  rules  of  both  the  American  Bible  Society  and 
the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  authorize  only  such  devia¬ 
tions  from  the  tcxtus  receptus  as  are  sanctioned  by  the  English 
or  the  American  Revision  Committees  of  1881,  it  was 

“Resolved .  That  these  limitations  and  exceptions  be  applied 
to  all  translations  made  under  the  authority  of  the  Board ;  any 
specific  questions  which  may  arise  on  minor  points  to  be  submit- 


24 


ted  to  the  Committee  on  Versions  of  the  American  Bible  So¬ 
ciety.” 

Estimates. 

44.  At  the  annual  meeting  the  Mission  shall  prepare  a  careful 
estimate  of  the  probable  necessary  expenses  of  its  work  for  the 
year  beginning  on  the  ist  of  May  following  the  date  o-f  annual 
meeting.  Where  there  is  more  than  one  Station  in  a  Mission, 
each  Station  shall  prepare  its  estimates  to  be  submitted  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Mission  for  detailed  consideration  and 
recommendation,  as  the  Board  requires  the  judgment  of  the  Mis¬ 
sion  on  all  the  estimates  of  each  Station.  It  is  specially  desired 
that  in  recommending  appropriations  for  new  w'ork,  such  as  the 
sending  out  of  new  missionaries,  the  purchase  of  property,  erec¬ 
tion  of  buildings,  etc.,  the  Mission  shall  indicate  the  order  of 
their  importance. 

'I'he  estimates  should  indicate  first  what  is  needed  for  the 
work  of  the  ensuing  year,  the  amount  not  to  exceed  the  grant 
of  the  year  preceding  that  for  which  the  estimate  is  made,  and, 
secondly,  if  more  is  required,  how  the  Mission  would  spend  the 
desired  increase. 

The  estimates  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in  charge 
of  the  correspondence,  and  will  be  acted  upon  by  the  Board  as 
promptly  as  possible.  Pending  such  action  the  Mission  is  au¬ 
thorized  to  proceed  with  all  expenditures  included  under  the  first 
class,  and  the  Treasurer  will  remit  accordingly,  but  may  not 
enter  upon  the  expenditures  included  in  the  second  class  without 
authority  from  the  Board. 

In  making  these  estimates  the  Mission  will  follow  the  classifi¬ 
cation  of  expenditures  as  arranged  by  the  Board  so  as  to  facilitate 
their  prompt  consideration,  and  will  use  the  estimate  sheets  pro¬ 
vided  by  the  Board. 

Each  Station  in  preparing  its  estimates  shall  consult  with  the 
proper  agents  of  the  native  Church  so  as  to  secure  its  proper 
share  in,  and  responsibility  for,  the  support  of  all  evangelistic 
and  educational  work.  The  amount  given  by  the  native  Church 
and  the  amount  of  help  asked  from  the  Board  shall  be  clearly 
stated. 


25 


45-  In  .case  any  work  is  partially  supported  by 'receipts  upon 
the  field/ the  estimated  receipts  shall  he  carefully  stated,  and  also 
the  estimated  expenses,  and  only  that  amount  shall  he  asked 
which  is  needed  to  meet  the  estimated  deficit.  Should  the  actual 
receipts  fall  below  the  estimated  receipts,  the  Board  wfill  grant  at 
the  close  of  the  year  whatever  is  needed  to  meet  the  obligations 
authorized  ;  the  Mission  or  Station  Treasurers  to  report  promptly 
any  need  thus  arising.  Should  the  actual  receipts  exceed  the  es¬ 
timated  receipts,  the  gain  shall  accrue  to  the  Treasury  of  the 
Board.  Save  that  when  the  excess  is  due  to  an  unforseen  en¬ 
largement  of  the  work,  due,  for  example,  to  more  paying  pupils  in 
the  school  or  patients  in  the  hospital,  it  shall  be  allowable  to  ap¬ 
ply  so  much  of  the  excess  as  is  necessary  to  meet  the  increased 
cost  of  the  work,  due  to  this  enlargement.  But  this  shall  not 
he  understood  to  entail  upon  the  Board  any  obligation  to  in¬ 
crease  the  grants  from  its  Treasury  for  the  work. 

46.  The  appropriations  made  by  the  Board  will  always  be  in 
the  currency  of  the  country  for  which  they  are  made,  save  in 
the  matter  of  missionaries’  salaries  and  children’s  allowances  and 
items  of  expenditure  in  this  country. 

47.  As  the  Board  must  render  annual  reports  to  the  Church 
of  its  expenditures  on  the  foreign  field,  the  various  Missions  must 
consider  each  year’s  appropriations  as  available  only  during  the 
year  for  which  they  are  made. 

Liberty  of  Transfer. 

48.  Any  Mission  or  Station  is  at  liberty  to  make  necessary 
transfers  in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the  Board, 
within  any  one  class,  except  within  the  following :  "Missionaries 
not  on  Field.”  "New  Missionaries,”  and  “New  Property.”  When 
necessary,  transfers  from  one  class  to  another  may  also  be  made 
until  January  31,  if  approved  by  the  Mission  or  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Mission.  This  provision  for  transfers  from 
class  to  class  does  not  apply  to  clas.ses  “Missionaries  on  Field,” 
“Missionaries  not  cn  Field,”  “New  INIissionaries,”  and  “New 
Property.” 

In  view  of  the  occurrence  of  such  changes  in  the  approoria- 

j6 


tions  as  are  provided  for  above,  the  Board  will  expect  from  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Mission  or  Station  a  linal  and  complete  state¬ 
ment  of  the  newly-distributed  appropriations,  according  to  the 
method  of  classification  and  statement  followed  in  the  es¬ 
timate  blanks ;  this  final  statement  to  be  directed  to  the  'I'reasurer 
of  the  Board,  and  to  reach  him  not  later  than  March  31st  and 
as  much  earlier  as  may  be  practicable. 

In  adjusting  the  appropriations  to  the  necessities  of  the  work 
on  the  field  the  only  items  which  the  Board  exempts  from  re¬ 
duction  or  transfer  are  those  in  Classes  1,  II,  III  and  VUI,  and 
such  specific  items  in  other  classes  as  may  be  exempted  by  a 
special  action  of  the  Board.  All  other  appropriations  are  within 
the  rules  of  the  INIanual ;  subject  to  such  readjustment  by  the 
Missions  as  the  exigenices  of  the  field  situation  may  require. 
It  is  of  course  expected  that  the  Mission  will  take  into  due  con¬ 
sideration  any  association  of  particular  objects  with  special  givers 
in  this  country,  and  it  will  not  needlessly  disturb  such  relations. 
But  if  in  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  the  interests  of  the  work 
are  seriously  involved,  the  Board  will  support  the  Mission  in 
assigning  to  such  objects  their  proportionate  share  of  any  reduc¬ 
tion,  and  the  Board  will  take  up  with  the  givers  at  home  any  diffi¬ 
culties  which  may  arise. 

Special  Appeals. 

49.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should  be 
so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from  the  field  to  churches. 
Sabbath-schools,  societies  or  individuals  for  special  gifts.  Such 
applications  involve  unjust  discriminations  in  favor  of  some 
Missions  and  missionaries,  subordinate  the  judgment  of  the  Mis¬ 
sion  to  private  judgment,  interfere  with  the  regular  income 
of  the  Board,  and  if  right  for  one  are  right  for  all.  and  so  militate 
against  the  purpose  of  the  Church  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Board.  It  is  expected  that  each  missionary  will  aid  in  raising 
the  large  amount  required  for  the  work  formally  recommended 
by  the  Missions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

Missionaries  are  requested  to  refer  to  the  Secretaries  in  New 
York  all  requests  for  special  objects,  as  such  questions  are  given 
systematic  attention. 


-27 


All  money  not  paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  but 
received  for  the  work  hy  missionaries  from  Churches  or  other 
organizations  or  from  individuals,  should  be  reported  through 
the  Mission  Treasurers.  The  Board  feels  that  wherever  consist¬ 
ent  with  the  will  of  the  donor,  such  gifts  should  be  applied  to 
the  regular  budget  of  authorized  expenditures  for  the  year  until 
this  has  been  wholly  met.  But  if  this  is  not  allowable,  the 
Board  considers  it  but  just  to  the  Church  and  to  the  givers 
themselves  and  to  the  work  as  a  whole,  that  all  gifts  going  out 
to  the  field  should  be  reported  to  the  iN'Iission  Treasurer,  and  the 
Mission  Treasurer  should  make  report  to  the  Board,  showing: 

(a)  All  gifts  passing  through  his  hands  for  special  purposes. 

(h)  As  far  as  possible,  all  gifts  not  passing  through  his  hands, 
but  received  and  expended  by  individual  missionaries  for  the 
work. 

Special  Appropriations. 

50.  After  the  estimates  are  sent  to  the  Board,  special  requests 
for  grants  cannot  be  entertained  except  in  extraordinary  cir¬ 
cumstances.  When  such  cases  arise  during  the  year  calling  for 
extra  appropriations,  they  should  be  submitted  to  the  Mission, 
either  at  a  Mission  meeting  or  by  circular  letter — [The  approval 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  any  Mission  will  be  adequate 
when  such  a  committee  exists.  (  See  §  41)] — and  forwarded  to 
the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the  Mis¬ 
sion’s  recommendation.  The  blanks  furnished  for  this  purpose 
by  the  Board  should  be  used. 

Supreme  Aim  of  Work. 

51.  The  great  end  of  missionary  life  and  service  is  the  preach¬ 
ing  of  Christ  crucified.  All  forms  of  work  must  be  subordinate 
to  this  end,  and  all  methods  of  missionary  effort,  medical,  educa¬ 
tional,  industrial,  etc.,  will  be  sanctioned  and  supported  by  the 
Board  only  as  they  contribute  to  a  wider  and  more  effective 
proclamation  of  the  Gospel  and  give  promise  of  vital  mission¬ 
ary  results. 


28 


Property. 

52.  No  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  sold,  nor  any  building 
erected  for  the  Board,  without  its  sanction.  None  of  its  property 
is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt.  All  property  given 
or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  he  at  once  transferred  to  it,  or  he 
held  in  trust  for  it. 

Gifts  on  the  field  or  from  sources  outside  of  the  Board’s 
Treasury  for  the  erection  of  buildings  on  the  property  of  tlie 
Board,  or  for  enlarging  or  improving  buildings  already  in  use. 
or  for  acquiring  new  property,  should  be  reported  to  the  Board, 
and  before  these  gifts  are  expended  full  plans  of  the  improve¬ 
ments  contemplated  should  he  submitted  to  the  Board  for  its 
approval. 

Title  deeds  of  all  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the  way 
required  by  the  government  within  whose  territory  the  Mission 
is  located;  copies  thereof,  with  .diagrams  of  land  and  buildings, 
to  be  sent  to  the  Treasurer  at  New'  York.  All  repairs  on  build¬ 
ings  shall  be  included  in  the  general  estimates,  and  no  enlarge¬ 
ment  or  alteration  involving  expense  shall  he  made  w'ithout  the 
concurrence  of  the  Mission  or  the  Property  Committee,  and,  if 
amounting  to  more  than  $100.  the  sanction  of  the  Board. 

Missionaries  who  expend  funds  belonging  to  the  Board,  or  who 
in  any  way  involve  the  Board  in  property  or  financial  obligations, 
without  its  consent,  will  be  held  personally  responsible  for  the 
amonnt. 

Property  Committee. 

53.  Each  Mission  shall,  at  its  annual  meeting,  appoint  a  Prop¬ 
erty  Committee,  without  whose  approval,  in  addition  to  the 
Board’s  appropriation,  no  plans  shall  he  adopted  nor  any  land 
purchased,  and  who  shall  have  general  supervision  of  the  erec¬ 
tion  of  all  buildings.  Copies  of  all  plans  approved  by  this  com¬ 
mittee  shall  he  forwarded  as  soon  as  possible  to  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Board. 

Sale  and  Rent. 

54.  Property  not  in  use  and  not  likely  to  he  needed  for  mis- 

2Q 


sionary  purposes  should  be  disposed  of  promptly,  or  as  soon  a‘ 
a  fair  price  can  be  obtained.  Sales  are  to  be  authorized  by  tin 
Missions  or  Property  Committees  on  terms  approved  by  them 
and  confirmed,  in  cases  of  real  estate,  by  the  Board.  I'he  pro¬ 
ceeds  of  such  sales  should  be  credited  to  the  Board  ar.d  reported 
at  once.  Where  property  unused  by  the  Mission  cannot  be  sold, 
it  should  be  rented  as  advantageously  as  possible  and  the  pro¬ 
ceeds  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  in  such  cases  the 
character  of  the  tenant  and  the  proposed  use  of  the  property  to 
be  carefully  considered. 

Printing  Presses. 

55.  No  printing  establisbment  or  press  shall  be  erected  with¬ 
out  the  express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  Board,  and  no  print¬ 
ing  estahlishment  of  the  Board  shall  be  used  for  private  work 
or  for  any  missionary  publications  except  under  authorization 
of  the  Mission ;  and  letters,  tracts,  or  appeals  printed  at  these 
establishments  at  the  expense  of  the  Board,  with  a  view  to  their 
being  sent  to  individuals  or  communities  in  the  United  States, 
must  have  the  authorization  of  the  Board.  The  Board  has 
adopted  special  regulations  governing  the  operation  of  all  Mis¬ 
sion  Printing  Presses. 

Station. 

56.  A  Station  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries  appointed 
hy  the  Board  within  certain  limits  prescribed  by  the  Mission ; 
its  voting  members  to  be  determined  by  the  Mission  in  con¬ 
formity  with  the  principles  of  §  39.  Each  Station  shall  have  con¬ 
trol  of  the  missionary  work  within  its  field,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Mission.  New  Stations  can  be  established  only  by  action  of 
the  Board,  on  recommendation  of  the  Mission.  The  force  as¬ 
signed  to  such  Stations  should,  if  possible,  include  one  mission¬ 
ary  of  experience. 

Mission  and  Station  Secretaries. 

57.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall  choose  for  itself  a 
Secretary,  to  be  changed  as  seldom  as  possible,  the  names  to  be 


.^o 


reported  to  the  Board,  whose  duties  shall  he  to  receive  and  keep 
files  of  all  official  correspoi  dence  addressed  to  Missions  and  Sta¬ 
tions,  to  receive  and  distribute  all  report  forms  and  see  that  they 
and  all  minutes  and  reports  provided  for  in  the  Manual  are  in 
proper  form  and  season  returned  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of 
the  correspondence,  to  see  that  all  communications  addressed  to 
Missions  and  Stations  have  proper  reply,  to  forward  the  state¬ 
ment  called  for  in  Paragraph  42,  and  to  perform  such  other  func¬ 
tions  as  shall  be  assigned  by  the  Missions.  I'he  above  does  not 
apply  to  correspondence  between  the  Board  and  Mission  and  Sta¬ 
tion  Treasures.  (  See  §§  48,  52,  53,  65.) 

58.  Care  should  be  taken  that  all  official  letters  of  the  Board 
sent  to  the  Missions  be  seen  by  each  missionary. 

Reports. 

59.  Each  Station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the  Mission  year, 
reports,  both  statistical  and  general,  of  the  various  departments 
of  its  work,  and  submit  them  to  the  Mission  at  the  annual  meet¬ 
ing.  Each  missionary  also  shall  prepare  a  brief  personal  report 
of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year,  to  he  sulmiitted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion.  All  these  reports  should  he  re\  iewed  by  the  Mission  and 
forwarded  without  delay  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  cor¬ 
respondence,  with  the  Mission’s  judgment  thereon. 

Letters. 

60.  It  is  expected  that  each  Station  shall  write  a  hi-monthly 
letter  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence  with  the 
Mission,  concerning  the  work  in  its  various  departments,  the 
members  of  the  Station  discharging  this  duty  in  turn. 

61.  It  is  desirable  that  individual  missionaries  and  the  Secre¬ 
taries  of  the  Board  should  correspond  as  fully  and  frequently 
as  may  be  expedient,  for  mutual  helpfulness  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  work. 

62.  All  correspondence  with  the  officers  of  the  Board  should 
be  on  uniform  paper  furnished  by  the  Board,  the  writing  to  be 
on  one  side  only.  Matters  pertaining  to  the  respective  depart¬ 
ments  of  Secretaries  or  Treasurer  should  be  forwarded  on  sep¬ 
arate  sheets  and  ordinarily  under  separate  covers. 


TREASURERS. 


Mission  Treasurer. 

63.  The  Mission  shall  elect  a  Treasurer  at  its  annual  meeting 
or  when  a  vacancy  occurs,  said  Treasurer  to  assume  his  duties  at 
the  time  designated  by  the  Mission;  the  election  to  be  reported  to 
the  Board,  and  to  be  subject  to  its  approval.  It  devolves  on  the 
Mission  Treasurer  to  preserve  carefully  all  deeds  of  Mission 
property  and  other  legal  papers  not  transmitted  to  the  Board 
(in  Stations  where  this  is  not  convenient  the  Mission  may  as¬ 
sign  this  duty  to  the  Station  Treasurer)  ;  to  keep  in  official  books, 
procured  at  the  Board’s  expense  and  to  be  the  property  of  the 
Board,  clear  and  correct  accounts  of  all  receipts  and  payments, 
and  to  have  vouchers  for  the  latter,  and  to  keep  files  of  all  official 
correspondence  properly  belonging  to  his  department.  (See  §  57.) 
His  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any  member  of  the 
Mission  at  any  reasonable  time. 

64.  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board  for  the 
distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission,  and 
is  responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for  all  funds  for¬ 
warded  by  him,  these  funds  to  be  kept  in  a  bank  or  other  safe  de¬ 
pository  approved  by  the  Mission.  No  funds  of  the  Board  shall  be 
loaned  under  any  circumstances.  There  is  no  warrant  for  as¬ 
suming  liabilities  on  behalf  of  the  Board,  without  the  actual  con¬ 
sent  of  the  Board,  and  it  is  within  its  proper  right  to  repudiate 
any  such  obligations.  The  acceptance  of  funds  for  deposit,  and 
the  investment  of  the  same  in  any  form  of  security,  must  be 
avoided.  The  advancing  of  funds  for  the  construction  of  chapels 
or  in  behalf  of  any  individual,  however  urgent  might  appear  to 
be  the  necessity,  is  unwarranted. 

The  principle  of  this  Paragraph  is  to  be  strictly  construed, 
there  being  no  warrant  for  disbursements  beyond  the  limit  of 
appropriations,  except  in  cases  for  which  the  Manual  provides. 

65.  He  is  also  the  agent  of  the  Board  to  enforce  any  rules  gov¬ 
erning  the  use  of  revenue  derived  from  such  sources  as  tuition 
fees,  medical  fees,  press  earnings  and  premium  on  exchange,  etc. 
(See  §§  29,  45,  46  54.)  Such  funds  must  be  paid  to  him,  and  be 
by  him  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 


.12 


66.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  directed  to  remit  to  each 
Mission  Treasurer  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission  dur¬ 
ing  the  hscal  year  of  the  Board,  and  only  that  amount ;  this  to 
be  forwarded  regularly,  and  preferably  in  monthly  instalments ; 
bills  of  exchange  to  be  negotiated  by  the  Mission  Treasurers  as 
necessities  require. 

67.  The  receipt  of  such  remittances  is  to  be  officially  ac¬ 
knowledged  by  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  for  all  such  funds 
he  must  return  an  annual  report  to  the  Board  through  its  Treas¬ 
urer,  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  not  less  than  two,  appointed 
for  such  purpose  by  the  Mission  at  its  annual  meeting.  This 
committee  shall  meet  to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Mission  Treas¬ 
urer  as  soon  as  possible  after  May  ist  in  each  year. 

68.  In  auditing  the  accounts  the  committee  of  the  Mission 
are  expected  not  only  to  examine  the  footings  and  vouchers  for 
each  payment,  but  also  to  report  whether  the  disbursements  un¬ 
der  appropriations  were  made  in  accordance  with  the  vote  of  the 
Board.  The  audit  should  include  an  examination  of  the  cash 
in  bank.  And  a  report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Mission  certi¬ 
fying  that  the  audit  required  by  this  Paragraph  has  been  made 
and  the  results  thereof  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Board. 

69.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time  to 
time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission  treasuries 
with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements  in  American  gold, 
but  the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  mission  must  be  rendered 
once  each  year. 

70.  The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but  the  funds  must 
be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  appropriations  as 
made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  without  special  au¬ 
thority  being  obtained.  (See  §§47,  48.) 

Station  Treasurers. 

71.  Station  d'reasurers  shall  be  annually  appointed  by  each  Sta¬ 
tion,  or  where  the  Mission  shall  prefer,  by  the  Mission,  and  the 
names  reported  to  the  Board,  save  in  those  Missions  where  the 


33 


Board  provides  for  the  discharge  of  these  duties  by  the  Mission 
Treasurer.  They  are  the  financial  agents  of  the  Mission  for  theii 
several  Stations,  with  powers  and  responsibilities  in  their  respect¬ 
ive  spheres,  similar  to  those  of  Mission  Treasurers.  They  must 
submit  reports  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  as  he  does  to  the  Board 
Treasurer,  such  reports  to  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  members 
of  the  Station,  and  to  be  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  the 
Station.  (See  §§48,  63.) 

72.  The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  devise  reasonable  rules  to 
secure  from  Station  Treasurers  proper  accounts,  such  rules  to 
be  approved  by  his  Mission,  and  a  copy  sent  to  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Board. 

Purchases  and  Money  Orders. 

73.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make  pur¬ 
chases  for  the  missionaries  of  the  Board,  but  all  charges,  includ¬ 
ing  freight,  shall  he  deducted  from  the  salary  of  the  missionary. 
The  Treasurer  shall  recpiir-e  such  form  of  order  for  goods  as  will 
bind  the  missionary,  and  may  require  the  countersignature  of  a 
Mission  or  Station  Treasurer.  These  purchases  are  for  the  Mis¬ 
sion  work  and  for  the  missionaries’  personal  needs,  and  do  not 
include  purchases  for  others  not  directly  associated  with  the 
Missions. 

74.  The  Board’s  'I'reasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to  the 
held,  funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  missionaries,  and 
in  turn  pay  upon  authority  funds  transferred  to  him  by  the  mis¬ 
sionaries. 

Such  transfers  will  be  made  under  rules  which  he  may  make, 
but  shall  only  be  made  for  actual  value  received,  and  shall  not 
be  made  by  negotiable  drafts  (payable  through  banks). 

Emergency  Drafts. 

75.  If  necessity  compels,  the  Mission  Treasurer  may  draw  on 
the  Board’s  Treasurer  at  ten  days’  sight  for  an  amount  not  to 
exceed  the  proportionate  allowance  of  appropriation  for  one 
month  ;  hut  in  such  event  a  statement  nnist  be  at  once  forwarded 
to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  setting  forth  the  emergency. 


34 


Treasurer’s  Annual  Report. 

76.  As  the  Board  for  the  purposes  of  its  Annual  Report  to 
the  General  Assembly  closes  its  books  on  April  30th,  in  each  year, 
the  Treasurer  shall  require  from  the  Mission  Treasurers  such 
reports  as  will  enable  him  to  prepare  his  report. 

77.  At  the  end  of  the  year  (April  30th),  all  unexpended  bal¬ 
ances  and  unused  appropriations  revert  to  the  Treasury  of  the 
Board.  (See  §§  15,  47,  48.) 

The  Treasurer  is,  however,  authorized  to  allow  proper  payments 
from  balance,  if  any,  for  work  actually  done  during  the  year,  un¬ 
der  the  appropriations  of  that  year,  though  the  accounts  are  ren¬ 
dered  after  the  year  ends;  and  the  Mission  may  apply  to  have 
any  unused  appropriations  continued,  in  addition  to  the  appro¬ 
priations  for  the  next  year.  Rut  all  unused  funds  and  unfinished 
work  must  be  reported  at  the  end  of  each  year. 


INDEX 


Paragraph. 


Accounts — 

Short  .  69 

Annual  .  69 

Of  returning  Missionaries.  32 

Aim  of  Work,  Supreme .  51 

Applications — 

Ordained  .  2 

Medical  .  3 

Laymen  .  3 

Single  Women  . 4 

Single  Women,  Marriage  of  4 

Wives  of  Missionaries .  5 

Interview  with  Officers  ...  7 

Appointments — 

General  Requirements  ....  1 

Men  with  Children  .  1 

Revocation  of  .  36 

Appropriations — 

Application  to  continue....  77 
Unexpended  and  unused...  77 
In  currency  of  the  country  46 

Cut  on  special  objects .  48 

Available  for  one  year  only  47 
Limited  to  amount  voted.  .  66 

Request  for,  to  be  accom¬ 
panied  by  Mission  ac- 


Purpose  of  .  51 

To  be  sent  regularly .  66 

.  Transfer  of  .  48 

Adjustment  of  .  48 

Special  .  50 

Unfinished  work  .  77 

Assignment  to  Field .  8 

Audit — 

Duties  of  Auditors . 68,  71 

Baggage — 

Allowance  of  .  12 

Board — 

Introduction  . Page  3 


Right  to  recall  Missionaries  36 
Bills  of  Exchange — - 

To  be  negotiated  as  neces¬ 
sities  require  .  66 

Buildings — See  Propertv. 
Candidates — See  Applications. 

Interview  with  officers .  7 

Conference  for  new  mis¬ 
sionaries  .  7 

Children  of  Missionaries — ■ 

Return  on  account  of  health  17 
■Mlowances  of  .  33 


Paragraph. 

Adopted  children  .  33 

Journey  to  and  from  field.  34 
Care  of,  in  United  States.  .  35 

Account  of,  to  be  closed  at 

end  of  fiscal  year  .  15 

Freight  allowance  .  20 

Designation  of  Field  .  8 

Drafts — Emergency  .  75 

Estimates — • 

Provisions  for  furloughs.  .  17 

General  Rules  . .  44 

Where  work  partially  sup- 
orted  by  receipts  from 

eld  .  45 

To  be  in  currency  of  coun¬ 
try  . . 46 

Deficit  in,  in  certain  cases  45 
Share  of  native  church....  44 
Executive  Committee.  .41,  48,  50 

Field — Designation  of  .  8 

Freight — 

Going  to  field  .  12 

Returning  from  field  .  20 

Return  to  field  .  20 

Funds — 

Emergency  drafts  .  75 

Mission  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Board  .  64 

Station  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Mission  .  71 

General  control  of,  in  hands 

of  Mission  . .'....  70 

Not  to  be  loaned  .  64 

Receipt  of,  to  be  acknowl¬ 
edged  .  67 

Bills  of  Exchange  to  be  ne¬ 
gotiated  as  necessities  re¬ 
quire  .  66 

Mission  Treasurer,  respon¬ 
sible  for  .  64 

Furloughs — 

After  five,  six,  seven,  eight, 

nine  and  ten  years  .  17 

Provision  for.  in  estimates.  17 

Time  of  leaving  field  .  17 

Emergency  cases  .  17 

Minimum  term,  or  average 

point  for  two  . 17 

Return  on  account  of  chil¬ 
dren  .  17 

Medical  certificate  .  17 

Duration  of  .  18 

Extension  of  . 18,  25 


36 


Piiragniph. 

'I'o  be  spent  in  U.  S .  l!) 

Route  to  be  to  U.  S.  direct  20 

Freight  and  baggage  allow¬ 
ance  .  20 

Expenses  . 20,  21 

Missionaries  on,  to  bring 

account  .  22 

Missionaries  on,  report  at 

New  York  .  22 

Missionaries  on,  report 

Home  Address  .  22 

Home  Allowance — 

Amount  Paid  .  22 

Widows  and  widowers  ....  2.2 

Commencement  .  22 

Special  Clrant  .  22 

Individual  Work  . 29,  40 

Interview  with  Officers .  7 

Introduction  . Page  2 

Journey — 

Expenses  Paid  by  Hoard  .  .  12 

Route,  Freight.  \'c .  12 

Excess  Baggage  .  12 

Travel  Manual  .  12 

I.iTERARY  Work  .  42 

l..\NGUAGE - 

Knowledge  of  the  \Yrnac- 

ular  . 

Examinations  at  end  of  1st 

and  2d  year  .  28 

Personal  teachers  .  28 

Teacher  for  second  lan¬ 
guage  .  28 

r.ETTERS  AND  CORRESPONDENCE - 

Form  and  address  .  62 

From  Missionaries  .  61 

“  .Stations  P.i-Monthlv .  6'i 

“  Board  to  be  read  bv 

all  . .68 

Medical  Expenses  .  27 

Medical  Missionaries— - 

.Application  .  3 

Mission  Physicians  .  27 

Medical  .Attendance  and  .Al¬ 
lowance  .  27 

Receipts  for  "'ork  on  Field  29 
Testimonials  Required  ....  2 

Outfit  .  10 

Return  of  outfit  .  11 

Mission — 

Defined  .  29 

Vote  in  .  29 

Powers  of  .  40 

To  hear  views  of  Mission¬ 
aries  as  to  location  and 

work  .  40 

To  appoint  Treasurer  .  62 

Jo  appoint  .Secretary  ....  ">7 

To  report  name  of  .Secre¬ 
tary  to  Board  .  .57 

To  appoint  PrO)iertv  Com¬ 
mittee  .  ,').2 


Paragraph. 

May  appoint  Executive 

Committee  .  41 

Has  general  control  of 
funds  with  certain  restric¬ 
tions^  . 47,  70 

To  review  report  from  Sta¬ 
tions  or  individuals  and 

forward  to  Board  .  .IP 

Power  to  transfer  appropri¬ 
ations  defined  .  48 

To  make  estimates  .  44 

To  fix  time  of  departure  on 

furlough  .  18 

.\ppropriations  necessary. 41,  50 

.Mission  .Meetings — 

When  held  .  42 

Alinutes  to  be  kept  and 
cony  sent  to  Board...  42,  57 

Majority  vote  to  decide...  42 
Two-thirds  vote  reiiuired 
on  questions  of  finance.  .  42 

W'ho  to  attend  .  42 

.Ml  to  be  heard  .  40 

.Appeal  to  Board  from .  40 

Making  estimates  .  44 

Making  estimates  in  cases 

of  partial  support  .  45 

Mission  Treasurer- 

Election  of  .  62 

Custodian  of  Property  and 

Funds  .  62 

Duties  of  .  62 

.Accounts  of  .  62 

Agent  of  Board  for  distri¬ 
bution  of  funds  .  64 

To  enforce  Rules  . 65,  72 

Unwarranted  advance  of 

funds  .  64 

To  collect  Revenues  .  65 

To  negotiate  Bills  of  E.x- 
ebange  as  necessities  re¬ 
quire  .  66 

To  acknowledge  remittances  67 
To  make  annual  report  to 

Board  .  67 

To  make  statements  of 
treasury  when  required.  .  69 

Duties  of  auditors  .  68 

To  make  rules  for  Station 

Treasurers  .  72 

To  rejiort  in  certain  cases.  45 
'I'o  rejiort  transfer  of  a])- 

propriations  .  68 

Money  Orders — 

Not  bv  drafts  .  74 

New'  Stations — 

How'  established  .  56 

Official  T.etter.s — 

Form  and  address  .  62 

I'o  be  read  by  all  .  58 

Duty  of  Secretaries  .  57 

f  )utfit — 

.Mlowance  .  9 


.J7 


Paragraph. 


Equitable  return  . 

Furniture  purchased  on,  be¬ 
longs  to  Board  . 

Lists  of,  for  various  fields. 

Medical  . 

Must  be  drawn  within  year 

No  second  outfit  . 

Use  of  . 

Outside  WorK; — 

Remuneration  for  . 

-Must  have  e.xpress  sanction 

Rassports  . 

Pensions  . . . 

Return  of  Missionaries  ad¬ 
vanced  in  years  . 

Laymen  . 

Ministerial  relief  . 

Ministerial  relief  for  wo¬ 
men  . 

Personal  teachers  . 

Presbytery — 

Testimonials  from  appli¬ 
cants  . 

Establishment  of  . 

Relation  of  . 

'I'raveling  expenses  . 

Property — 

Not  to  be  luirchased  or  sold 
without  sanction  of  the 

Board  . 

No  building  to  be  erected 
without  same  sanction.  .  . 
Not  to  be  mortgaged  or  as¬ 
signed  for  debt  . 

To  be  in  name  of  Board  or 

in  trust  for  it  . 

Deeds  of.  to  be  recorded.. 
Copies  of  deeds,  and  dia¬ 
grams  of  land  and  build¬ 
ings  to  he  sent  to  Treas¬ 
urer  of  the  Board . 

Repairs  . 

Committee,  Powers  of,  &c. 
Not  in  use,  to  be  sold  or 

rented  . 

Proceeds  to  be  reported  at 

once  . 

Building  plans,  copies  to  be 

sent  to  Board  . 

Purchasing  Orders — 

Lien  on  salary  . 

Form  may  be  required . 

Onlv  for  Mission  work  or 
Missionaries  personally.. 
Printing  Presses — 

Rules  for  erection  and  car¬ 
rying  on  of  . 

Special  regulations  . 

Recali. — 

Right  of  Board  to  . 

Relief  Fund — 

For  Laymen  and  Women.. 
For  Ordained  Missionaries 


11 

11 

1» 

9 

9 

9 

9 

29 

29 
13 

30 

30 
32 

31 

32 
28 


37 

38 
38 


52 


52 


52 


52 


52 

52 

53 

54 
54 
53 


73 

73 

73 


55 

55 


36 

32 

31 


}’ara<rraph. 


No  Pensions  .  30 

Reports — 

Mission  .  59 

.Station  .  59 

Personal  .  59 

Mission  Treasurers  . 


^fission  Treasurer’s  Spe¬ 
cial  .  69 

Station  Treasurers  ....48,  71 

Station  letters  .  60 

General  letters  .  61 

Of  emergency  drafts  .  75 

Of  proceeds  of  sale  or  rent¬ 
al  of  property  .  54 

Of  transfer  of  appropria¬ 
tions  .  48 

.\nnual  of  Board  .  76 

.\nnual  of  Treasurer  of 

Board  .  76 

Return — 

From  field  direct  .  20 

To  field  after  furlough...  20 
Freight,  baggage,  &c.,  on.  20 
On  arrival,  report  to  Mis¬ 
sion  House  .  22 

On  arrival,  report  to  Home 

Address  .  22 

.Salaries — 

On  field  .  14 

,\fter  death  continuance...  14 

Unmarried  men  .  14 

Begin  .  15 

Pavable  Monthly  .  15 

Wife  in  U.  S .  14 

Widow  or  widower  .  16 

.\ccount  to  be  closed  at  end 

of  fiscal  year  .  15 

Sanitarium,  travel  to  ....  26 

Self-Support  . 38,  44 

Special  Objects — 

Requests  for,  to  be  referred 

to  Board  .  49 

Appeals  to  public  for,  not 

desirable  .  49 

No  effort  to  be  made  to 
secure  funds*  for  any  ob- 
iect  not  approved  by 

Board  .  24 

STATIONS-p_ 

Definition  of  .  56 

Powers  of  .  56 

To  appoint  Treasurer,  and 

report  to  Board  .  71 

To  appoint  .Secretary,  and 

report  to  Board  .  57 

New,  how  established  ....  56 

Reports  of  .  59 

Bi-Monthly  letter  from  ...  60 

Power  to  Transfer  Appro¬ 
priations  .  48 

To  Prepare  Estimates  ...  4i 
To  Consult  Native  Church  44 


Paragral'h. 


Station  Secretary — 

To  be  chosen  .  57 

Duties  of  .  57 

Name  of,  to  be  reported  to 
Roard  .  57 

■Station  Treasurer — 

To  be  appointed  annually.  .  71 

Name  of,  to  be  reported  to 

Board  .  71 

Power  of  .  71 

Rules  governing  .  72 

Reports  of  . 48,  71 

Terms  of  Service  and  1'ur- 

LOUGIIS  .  l.S 

Principles  of  .  17 

Missions  named  .  17 

Leave  of  absence  .  17 

Furloughs  .  IS 

Testimonials  - 

General  .  1 

Ordained  Missionaries  ...  2 

Medical  .  3 

Single  women.  including 

physicians  .  4 

Wives  of  Missionaries.  ...  5 

To  be  full,  private  and  con¬ 
fidential  .  fi 


Faragral'h. 

Unordained  men  other  than 
medical  .  3 

Transfer  of  Appropriations.  .  4S 

Translations — 

To  be  undertaken  only  with 

consent  of  Mission .  4.3 

Of  Scriptures,  Rule  for.  .  .  43 

Treasurers — See  Mission,  and 
.Station  Treasurers. 

Treasurer  Reports — 

Required  from  Mission 
Treasurer.  .  .  .45,  48.  63, 

. 65,  67,  69,  76 

Required  from  Station 

Treasurer  . 48.  71 

Required  from  Roard 
Treasurer  .  76 

Unfinished  Work  .  77 

\'acations  on  1'Teld .  26 

Wives  of  Missionaries’  right 
to  vote  .  39 

Work  at  Home — 

Traveling  expenses  of  ....  24 

MTTllnRAWAL  FROM  SERVICE - 

.Mlowances  on  . 31,  .12 


Form  85.1 


.19 


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MANUAL 


OP  THB 

3BoarD  of  jfotetsn  illtsstons 

OF  THE 

$re£tiiptertan  Cijurclb  in  tije 

FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND 
MISSIONARY  CANDIDATES 


REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD 
AND  APPROVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBL  Y 

JBeOi  ^ork 

1910 


MANUAL 


OF  THE 


Hoart  of  Jforetgn  #lission0 


OF  THE 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 
IN  THE  U.  S.  A. 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND  MISSIONARY 

CANDIDATES 


REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD,  AND 
APPROVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


Presbyterian  Building 
NEW  YORK 
1910 


INTRODUCTION 


The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  appointed  by  the  General 
Assembly,  and  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  organizing  and  super¬ 
intending  the  work  of  disseminating  the  Gospel  in  unevangelized 
lands.  It  is  not  an  ecclesiastical  body.  An  important  part  of 
its  work  is  the  selecting  and  commissioning  of  suitable  persons 
to  labor  as  missionaries  in  the  foreign  field.  For  such  persons, 
as  well  as  for  the  Board  itself  and  missionaries  already  under 
commission,  the  following  pages  are  intended. 

This  Manual  is  not  a  contract  and  the  Board  reserves  the  right 
to  modify  or  change  it  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board  at  any 
time  may  seem  wise. 

The  Manual  does  not  embrace  general  questions  of  missionary 
policy  and  administration.  These  are  treated  in  other  publications 
of  the  Board  and  at  the  annual  conferences  with  new  missionaries. 

Experience  has  shown  that  confusion  and  misunderstanding 
may  arise  from  neglect  of  the  Manual  and  missionaries  are 
earnestly  advised  to  familiarize  themselves  with  it  thoroughly, 
and  to  keep  a  copy  of  it  at  hand  for  constant  reference. 

The  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  work  are  entitled  to 
the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  affections  of  all  who 
engage  in  it.  Applicants  for  appointment  as  missionaries  should 
set  before  their  minds  the  authority,  glory  and  grace  of  Christ 
and  the  honor  of  His  name  in  the  salvation  of  souls  as  their 
great  aim.  They  should  offer  their  services  in  the  work  of 
spreading  the  Gospel,  under  a  sense  of  being  divinely  called  to  it, 
and  they  should  seek  their  reward  in  our  blessed  Lord’s  approval. 
For  His  sake  they  should  be  willing  to  make  sacrifices,  to  meet 
with  hardships  and  to  endure  privations.  For  His  sake  they 
should  consent  to  suffer  the  want  of  congenial  society  if  neces¬ 
sary,  and  be  willing  to  accept  a  life  of  steady,  unnoticed  labor. 


3 


expecting  to  continue  therein  until  death,  and  looking  for  rest 
and  reward  in  the  world  to  come.  In  these  and  similar  purposes, 
endeavors  and  hopes,  they  and  all  the  friends  of  missions  stand 
together  in  mutual  sympathy.  And  it  must  ever  be  deeply  felt 
that  harmonious  and  pleasant  relations  and  co-operation,  both 
among  missionaries  themselves  and  between  them  and  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Board  and  its  executive  officers,  depend  far  less  on 
formal  rules  than  on  their  common  experience  of  divine  grace — 
the  grace  which  inspires  forbearance,  meekness  and  Christian 
love.  It  is  not  in  any  undervaluing  of  these  high  views,  there¬ 
fore,  that  this  Manual  is  restricted  chiefly  to  the  business  rela¬ 
tions  of  the  Board  and  the  missionaries. 


4 


MANUAL 


APPOINTMENT  OF  MISSIONARIES. 

General  Requirements. 

1.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are  expected 
to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to  health,  Christian 
experience,  etc.,  provided  for  candidates,  and  to  undergo  a  medi¬ 
cal  examination  by  the  family  physician,  and,  when  deemed  neces¬ 
sary,  by  a  physician  designated  by  the  Board.  Also  in  a  letter  of 
application  to  state  briefly:  their  religious  history;  motives  for 
desiring  to  engage  in  the  work  of  foreign  missions ;  choice  of 
field,  if  any,  with  reasons  for  the  same ;  experience  in  active 
Christian  service ;  whether  they  expect  to  go  married  or  single ; 
and  to  furnish  any  other  information  which  the  Board  ought  to 
have,  bearing  upon  their  appointment. 

It  is  most  desirable  that  those  appointed  as  missionaries  should 
have  the  same  general  qualifications  which  make  a  Christian 
worker  useful  and  successful  at  home;  that  they  should  have 
been  approved  as  winners  of  souls,  and  that  they  should  possess 
deep  piety  of  life  and  spiritual  power.  Names  should  be  furnished 
of  those  who  can  speak  of  the  candidate’s  qualifications  in  these 
regards. 

The  Board  will  not  commission  men  with  children,  save  in 
exceptional  circumstances. 

Ordained  Missionaries. 

2.  In  addition  to  this,  those  seeking  appointment  as  ordained 
missionaries  will  be  required  to  furnish  testimonials  from  their 
college  and  seminary  professors,  or  something  equivalent,  as  to 
their  literary  and  theological  attainments ;  also  recommendations 
from  their  Presbyteries  as  to  their  standing  and  qualifications 
for  missionar}'-  work.  Without  such  recommendation  of  Presby¬ 
tery,  no  ordained  missionary  will  be  commissioned.  It  is  ex- 


pected  that  such  candidates  should  have  had  some  experience  in 
personal  evangelistic  effort. 

Medical  Missionaries. 

3.  Those  desiring  appointment  as  medical  missionaries  (both 
men  and  women),  in  addition  to  the  general  requirements  and 
qualihcations  specified  in  §  1,  must  furnish  testimonials,  especially 
from  the  pastor  or  session  of  the  church  to  which  they  belong, 
as  to  their  Christian  character,  soundness  in  the  faith  and  adapta¬ 
tion  to  missionary  work;  also  recommendations  from  competent 
persons,  such  as  their  teachers,  as  to  their  literary  qualifications, 
and  from  their  medical  professors  and  others  as  to  their  pro¬ 
fessional  attainments. 

Unordained  men,  other  than  medical  missionaries,  applying 
for  appointment,  are  required  to  furnish  similar  testimonials, 
-except  the  certificate  of  professional  qualifications;  especially  let¬ 
ters  bearing  upon  their  qualifications  for  the  form  of  missionary 
work  proposed. 

Single  Women. 

4.  Single  women,  including  physicians,  ought  in  all  ordinary 
cases  to  make  their  application  for  appointment  through  the 
^\’omen’s  Society  or  Board  within  whose  territory  they  reside. 
Such  applicants  are  expected  to  furnish  the  information  required 
in  §  1,  and  recommendations  as  to  their  literary  qualifications, 
Christian  character,  soundness  in  the  faith,  practical  experience 
in  Christian  work,  aptness  to  teach  the  Bible,  and  adaptation  to 
the  form  of  missionary  work  contemplated. 

Single  women  who  are  candidates  for  appointment  as  mission¬ 
aries  are  informed  that  it  is  earnestly  recommended; 

1.  That  they  will  not  marry  within  the  circle  of  the  Board’s 
Missions  in  less  than  three  years  from  the  date  of  their  arrival 
on  the  field ;  and  that  they  will  not  marry  outside  the  Board’s 
Missions  in  less  than  five  years  from  said  date. 

2.  That  single  women  who  are  appointed  as  medical  mission¬ 
aries  will  not  marry,  either  within  or  outside  the  Board’s  Mis- 


6 


sions,  in  less  than  five  years  from  the  date  of  their  arrival  on 
the  field. 

The  Wives  of  Missionaries, 

5.  The  wives  of  missionaries  are  regarded  as  associate  mis¬ 
sionaries,  uniting  with  their  husbands  in  desire  and  effort  to  give 
the  Gospel  to  the  unevangelized.  It  is  expected  that,  so  far  as  is 
consistent  with  their  strength  and  household  duties,  they  will 
learn  the  language  and  take  part  in  missionary  work.  Wives 
of  men  seeking  appointment,  or  women  expecting  to  become 
wives  of  missionaries,  are  expected  in  a  personal  letter  to  give 
some  account  of  their  religious  experience  and  their  interest 
in  the  cause  of  foreign  missions;  also  to  furnish  satisfactory  tes¬ 
timonials  as  to  their  Christian  character  (usually  from  the  pas¬ 
tor  or  session  of  the  church  with  which  they  are  connected)^ 
their  experience  in  Christian  work,  and  the  educational  advan¬ 
tages  they  have  enjoyed;  also  to  answer  the  series  of  personal 
questions  and  to  undergo  the  medical  examination  provided  for 
in  §  1. 

Testimonials. 

6.  Justice  and  kindness  alike  require  that  in  all  cases  testi¬ 
monials  be  full,  discriminating  and  impartial.  They  should  be 
sent  directly  to  the  Board  by  those  writing  them,  and  if  desired 
will  be  regarded  as  private  and  confidential. 

Interview  with  Officers. 

7.  It  is  required  that  applicants  for  appointment  shall  per¬ 
sonally  meet  one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries  whenever  possible, 
so  that  in  addition  to  the  statements  and  testimonials  furnished 
there  may  be  the  advantage  of  a  personal  interview.  It  is  be¬ 
lieved  that  this  will  furnish  an  additional  bond  of  sympathy  and 
mutual  interest.  In  the  case  of  single  women  it  is  required  that 
they  shall  meet  some  of  the  officers  of  the  Women’s  Society  or 
Board  to  which  they  naturally  belong  and  whenever  possible 
one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries. 

A  conference  for  new  missionaries  is  held  annually  at  the 


7 


rooms  of  the  Board,  and  unless  specially  excused  all  new  mis¬ 
sionaries  under  appointment  are  expected  to  be  present. 

Designation  of  Field. 

8.  Designation  of  field  is  frequently  made  at  a  time  subse¬ 
quent  to  the  time  of  appointment.  In  making  this  designation  the 
preference  of  the  candidate  is  always  considered.  So  far  as 
practicable,  care  is  taken  to  assign  persons  to  the  field  for  which 
they  seem  to  be  best  fitted,  and  where  they  will  be  likely  to 
accomplish  most  in  the  service  of  Christ.  Assignment  is  usually 
to  a  Mission,  but  may  be  to  a  Station  or  to  a  specific  work. 
New  missionaries  are  expected  to  comply  with  all  the  regulations 
of  the  Mission  and  Station  to  which  they  may  be  assigned. 

Outfit. 

9.  Wherever  possible,  without  a  severe  tax  on  the  families  of 
outgoing  missionaries,  it  is  desirable  that  the  outfit  be  provided 
without  drawing  on  the  Board’s  treasury.  Where  this  cannot 
be  done,  the  following  grants  are  made,  in  whole  or  in  part,  as 
may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  missionaries  under  appointment : 


To  an  unmarried  missionary .  $200 

To  a  man  and  his  wife .  $400 


except  where  by  vote  of  the  Mission  and  approval  of  the  Board, 
smaller  grants  may  be  agreed  upon. 

The  outfit  allowance  is  to  be  used  only  for  proper  expenses, 
and  is  payable  within  three  months  of  the  time  of  departure  to 
the  field,  and  not  after  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  unless  other¬ 
wise  specially  arranged. 

Outfit  lists,  indicating  articles  most  needed  on  the  field,  have 
been  prepared  by  the  several  Missions,  copies  of  which  will  be 
sent  to  the  persons  appointed,  according  to  the  designation  of 
field. 

As  a  rule  no  second  outfit  is  allowed. 

Medical  Outfit. 

10.  There  will  be  provided  for  a  medical  missionary,  whenever 
necessary,  an  allowance  not  to  exceed  $150,  for  the  purchase  of  a 
surgical  outfit.  On  withdrawal  of  missionary  physicians  from 


S 


connection  with  the  Board,  all  such  outfits  shall  be  reported  to 
the  Board  and  turned  over  to  the  Station  Treasurers  to  be  held 
subject  to  the  Board’s  instructions. 

On  the  removal  of  a  medical  missionary  from  one  Station  to 
another  the  medical  outfit  shall  remain  for  the  successor,  unless 
the  medical  work  is  to  be  closed  or  unless  there  is  no  outfit  at 
the  Station  to  which  removal  is  made. 

Return  of  Outfit. 

11.  Should  a  missionary  retire  from  the  field  after  a  service 
of  three  years  or  less,  for  any  other  cause  than  that  of  failure 
of  health,  it  is  expected  that  an  equitable  return  of  the  outfit 
allowance  will  be  made  to  the  Board,  due  regard  being  had  to 
the  expenses  incurred  and  services  rendered.  All  furniture  pur¬ 
chased  with  the  outfit  allowance  will  be  regarded  as  the  property 
of  the  Board. 

New  missionaries  shall  on  their  arrival  on  the  field,  or  as  soon 
thereafter  as  possible,  render  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  or  if 
there  be  a  Station  T reasurer,  then  through  him  to  the  Mission 
Treasurer,  a  list  of  outfit  purchases  made  by  them  with  the  outfit 
allowances  provided  by  the  Board,  together  with  the  prices 
paid.  This  list  to  be  itemized,  save  that  clothing,  including  under 
clothing,  hose,  shoes,  dresses,  etc.,  can  be  classed  in  one  item  as 
personal  clothing. 

Medical  Missionaries  shall  as  soon  as  possible  after  arriving 
on  the  field  in  a  similar  manner  file  an  inventory  of  purchases 
made  with  the  medical  outfit  allowance,  and  also  keep  a  list 
available  of  purchases  of  instruments  and  hospital  furnishings 
made  from  the  earnings  of  the  hospitals  under  their  charge. 

The  Journey. 

12.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from  the  home 
of  the  missionary  to  his  Station  by  a  direct  route.  Should  any 
missionary  wish  to  deviate  from  this  direct  route  and  there  be 
no  reason  to  the  contrary  he  shall  receive  a  sum  equal  to  the 
expense  of  the  direct  journey  as  estimated  by  the  Board  at  the 
time.  The  expense  is  based  upon  the  shortest  and  least  expen- 


9 


sive  route,  and  is  not  intended  to  include  items  of  emergency 
beyond  those  incident  to  delays  from  disarranged  service.  Tn 
case  of  deviation  from  the  direct  route  or  delays,  the  additional 
expense  of  which  is  assumed  by  the  missionary,  the  time  thus 
consumed  will  be  taken  into  consideration  in  fixing  the  date  at 
which  home  allowance  shall  begin. 

The  Board  pays  freight  and  customs  duties  to  Missions  out¬ 
side  of  the  United  States  within  reasonable  limits  and  not  on 
more  than  is  included  in  the  regular  freight  and  baggage  allow¬ 
ance.  The  freight  allowance  for  new  missionaries  is  two  meas¬ 
ured  tons  for  a  single  missionary,  and  four  tons  for  a  married 
missionary,  except  as  may  be  determined  by  special  action  of  the 
Board. 

Each  missionary  is  allowed  100  pounds  of  baggage  in  excess  of 
the  amount  carried  free  by  the  railroads,  from  his  home  to  the 
place  of  embarkation.  The  usual  allowance  on  steamers  is  250 
or  300  pounds.  On  these  points  specific  instructions  will  be  fur¬ 
nished  after  designation  of  field.  A  Travel  Manual  is  provided, 
containing  further  instructions  as  to  Travel. 

Passports. 

13.  Passports  are  not  absolutely  necessary  for  all  countries. 
As  exigencies  may  arise  in  any  foreign  country,  however,  when 
a  passport  would  be  of  service,  all  missionaries  are  instructed  to 
procure  them.  A  blank  for  this  purpose  will  be  forwarded  to 
persons  under  appointment  when  their  field  is  designated. 

MISSIONARIES  AND  THEIR  WORK. 

Salary. 

14.  The  salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  countries, 
according  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  determined  by  the 
Board  after  correspondence  with  the  Missions.  The  general  idea 
on  which  they  are  fixed  is  that  of  giving  a  comfortable  support 
to  the  missionaries  while  they  continue  under  commission  of  the 
Board  on  the  Mission  field.  Usually  a  house  is  provided  or  house 
rent  paid,  a  salary  to  a  married  man,  with  an  allowance  for  each 
child  under  twenty  years  of  age,  one-half  of  the  salary  of  a 


10 


married  man  to  one  unmarried,  (.with  exceptions  in  some  Mis¬ 
sions  where  the  necessities  of  a  comfortable  support  require 
more,)  and  to  a  single  woman  one-half  of  the  salary  of  a  married 
missionary.-  To  a  missionary  remaining  at  his  post  while  his 
wife  returns  to  this  country,  the  salary  of  an  unmarried  mis¬ 
sionary  is  allowed. 

In  case  of  a  married  missionary  or  child  the  full  salary  or 
allowance  shall  be  continued  to  the  end  of  the  month,  but  in  the 
case  of  an  unmarried  missionary,  cither  man  or  woman,  the 
salary  shall  cease  with  death. 

15.  The  salary  begins  as  a  rule  on  the  arrival  of  missionaries 
at  their  Stations,  and  ends  when  they  leave  their  Stations  on  their 
return  to  this  country,  or  on  the  termination  of  their  connection 
with  the  Board.  Salaries  shall  be  paid  to  the  missionaries  at  the 
end  of  each  month,  so  far  as  practicable,  and  all  such  accounts 
must  be  closed  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  March  31st. 

16.  In  the  case  of  a  missionary  left  a  widower  with  children 
and  keeping  house,  and  of  a  widow  similarly  situated,  the  salary 
shall  be  specially  arranged  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances. 

Term  of  Service  and  Furloughs. 

17.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  service  for 
LIFE,  if  the  Lord  will.  Occasional  furloughs,  how'ever,  are  in 
complete  accord  with  such  service.  The  change  afforded  tends  to 
preserve  or  restore  the  health  and  energies  of  the  missionaries, 
and  their  presence  in  the  churches  at  home  increases  interest 
im  mission  work. 

A  few  familiar  and  well-established  principles  should  be  kept 
in  mind : 

First — Missionaries  live  and  work  amid  conditions  which  are 
not  only  trying  to  health,  but  which  involve  peculiar  nervous 
strain.  It  is  therefore  not  only  desirable,  but  necessary,  that  they 
should  have  occasional  furloughs  in  the  United  States  for  pur¬ 
poses  of  physical  recuperation,  mental  change  and  spiritual 
reinvigoration. 

Second — The  frequency  with  which  said  furloughs  should  be 
taken  varies  with  the  degree  of  isolation,  the  healthfulness  of  the 


11 


climate  and  the  vigor  of  the  missionary,  there  being  wide  differ¬ 
ences  in  these  respects  which  make  any  rigid  and  uniform  term 
of  doubtful  expediency. 

Third — While  the  Board  can  establish  the  approximate  term 
of  service  for  the  country,  there  is  force  in  the  suggestion  which 
has  come  from  the  field,  that  the  Mission  itself  can  best 
determine  the  precise  limits  for  the  individual  missionary,  as  it 
is  more  conversant  with  the  physical  condition  of  the  individual 
and  with  the  work  which  will  be  affected  by  his  departure. 

Fourth — The  vastness  of  the  field  and  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  laborers,  the  urgent  importance  of  every  avail¬ 
able  missionary  being  at  his  post  the  serious  interference  with 
the  work  which  furloughs  necessitate  and  the  additional  bur¬ 
dens  which  they  lay  upon  already  overworked  colleagues  as  well 
as  their  costliness,  and  the  criticism,  however  unwarranted,  which 
they  frequently  cause  in  this  country,  render  it  desirable  that  the 
furloughs  should  be  limited  to  the  reasonable  necessities  of  each 
case.  It  is  believed  that  increased  facilities  for  intercommunica¬ 
tion,  and  the  extension  of  the  conveniences  of  civilization,  make 
the  lot  of  the  missionary  more  tolerable  than  it  was  a  generation 
ago,  and  that  in  these  circumstances  it  is  not  unreasonable  to 
expect  that  the  tendency  should  be  toward  a  lengthened  rather 
than  toward  a  shortened  term  of  service. 

The  Board  has  fixed  the  minimum  terms  of  service  for  the 
different  missions  as  follows  : 

For  the  INIexico  Mission  the  term  shall  be  ten  years ;  for  the 
Guatemala,  Colombia  (except  Barranquilla),  Chile  and  South 
Brazil  missions,  the  term  shall  be  nine  years;  for  the  North 
China,  East  and  West  Shantung,  Kiang-An,  Central  China, 
Hunan,  Korea,  East  and  West  Japan,  East  and  West  Persia, 
Punjab,  North  India,  West  India,  Central  Brazil  and  Syria  mis¬ 
sions  the  term  shall  be  eight  years ;  for  the  South  China  Mission 
the  term  shall  be  seven  years ;  for  the  Hainan,  Philippine,  Siam 
and  Laos  missions,  and  the  Barranquilla  Stations  of  the  Co¬ 
lombia  Mission,  the  term  shall  be  six  years ;  and  for  the  West 
Africa  Mission  the  term  shall  be  three  years. 


12 


A  missionary  is  not  to  assume  that  he  is  to  take  a  furlough  at 
the  expiration  of  the  minimum  term  of  service  for  his  Mission, 
irrespective  of  his  physical  condition  and  the  needs  of  the  work, 
but  if  he  completes  that  term  of  service  in  the  possession  of  good 
health  he  is  to  remain  for  a  longer  period,  the  Mission  deter¬ 
mining  the  question  as  to  whether  he  shall  return  to  the  United 
States  and  at  what  time,  the  rule  and  expectation  being  that  the 
term  of  office  shall  approximate  a  longer  period.  Inasmuch  as 
the  Board  makes  exceptions  in  the  case  of  missionaries  whose 
health  requires  it,  it  is  felt  that  no  hardship  is  involved  in  thus 
lengthening  the  general  term.  The  hope  is  also  expressed  that 
special  care  wdll  be  taken  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  Para¬ 
graph  18  of  the  Manual,  and  that  when  risks  of  climate  interfere 
with  the  return  at  the  exact  termination  of  the  term  of  years 
determined  upon  in  accordance  with  the  above  principles,  there 
will  be  thoughtful  consideration  whether  the  requisite  relief  can 
not  be  obtained  by  shortening  rather  than  lengthening  the  fur¬ 
lough. 

The  Board  would  impress  upon  the  Missions  the  importance  of 
their  inserting  provision  for  anticipated  furloughs  in  their  an¬ 
nual  estimates.  As  special  appropriations  cannot  be  made  except 
in  cases  of  health  emergency,  a  failure  to  incorporate  traveling 
expenses  in  the  estimates  will  ordinarily  be  considered  an  ade¬ 
quate  reason  for  deferring  a  furlough  till  the  following  year. 

The  following  special  rules  for  particular  Missions  shall  apply 
to  the  Missions  designated : 

In  the  case  of  the  Persia,  Central  China,  Japan,  Korea  and 
Hainan  Missions,  when  the  missionaries  are  able  to  leave  their 
stations  in  July,  and  leave  the  United  States  for  return  to  the  field 
in  August,  they  shall  be  allowed  to  leave  in  the  July  preceding 
the  fall  in  which  their  term  of  service  would  expire  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  preceding  principles  as  to  the  minimum  number 
of  years  and  the  required  judgment  of  the  Mission.  When  they 
must  leave  the  field  earlier  than  July,  they  shall  be  allowed  to  do 
so  as  late  as  is  prudent  in  the  spring  or  summer  succeeding  the 
fall  in  which  their  term  of  service  would  expire,  in  accordance 


13 


with  the  preceding  principles  as  to  the  minimum  number  of  years 
and  the  required  judgment  of  the  Mission,  and  the  length  of  the 
furlough  in  such  cases  shall  be  extended  so  as  to  enable  them  to 
do  this  and  return  in  the  proper  season  of  the  year  at  the  expira¬ 
tion  of  the  furlough,  the  furlough  in  such  cases,  however,  not 
to  exceed  at  the  most  fifteen  months. 

For  the  three  India  Missions,  the  time  for  leaving  the  field 
on  regular  furlough  shall  be  about  the  first  of  April  following 
the  completion  of  the  full  term  of  service  (as  determined  in 
accordance  with  the  foregoing  principles),  and  the  time  for  leav¬ 
ing  the  United  States  in  returning  to  India  after  the  furlough 
shall  be  about  the  middle  of  September  of  the  following  year,  the 
date  of  the  departure  from  the  field  to  be  fixed  by  the  Mission 
in  accordance  with  Paragraph  18  of  the  Manual. 

Instead  of  the  regular  furlough,  options  are  allowed  to  the 
Missions  indicated  as  follows : 

For  Mexico,  a  furlough  of  eight  months  after  eight  years, 
w'ith  full  travel  expenses,  or  a  six-months’  furlough  at  the  end 
of  five  years,  with  travel  expenses  paid  one  way.  For  Guatemala, 
Colombia  (except  Barranquilla),  Chile,  and  South  Brazil,  a  fur¬ 
lough  of  six  months,  after  five  years,  with  travel  expenses  paid 
one  way:  for  South  China  a  five  months’  furlough,  after  four 
years,  with  expenses  paid  one  way;  for  the  India  Missions  a  fur¬ 
lough  of  six  months,  after  five  and  one-half  years,  with  expenses 
paid  both  ways;  for  Central  Brazil  a  furlough  of  ten  months, 
after  seven  years,  or  eight  months  after  six  years,  with  full  travel 
expenses ;  for  the  Philippines  a  furlough  of  seven  months,  and 
for  Hainan,  Siam,  Laos  and  Barranquilla  a  furlough  of  six 
months  after  three  years,  with  expenses  paid  one  way  and  the 
field  salary  continued  during  the  journey  the  other  way. 

In  cases  where  a  missionary  shall  have  been  on  the  field  longer 
than  the  usual  term,  and  his  wife  for  a  period  shorter  than  the 
term,  or  vice  versa,  it  shall  be  allowable  to  fix  the  minimum  term 
of  service  at  a  medium  or  average  point  for  the  two. 

The  Board  cannot  assume  the  responsibility  of  bringing  mis¬ 
sionary  families  home  to  the  United  States  on  account  of  the 


14 


health  of  children.  Its  responsibilities  in  the  matter  of  traveling 
expenses  are  defined  in  the  Manual.  It  provides  for  the  regular 
furlough  of  missionaries,  Manual,  Paragraphs  17-18,  for  their 
return  on  account  of  their  own  health  when  required,  Paragraph 
17,  and  when  they  withdraw  from  the  work.  Paragraph  31.  It 
provides  for  the  traveling  expenses  of  children  to  and  from  the 
field,  as  specified  in  Paragraph  34 ;  beyond  this  the  Board  feels 
that  it  is  not  proper  to  go  in  the  use  of  Mission  funds  in  pro¬ 
viding  furloughs  and  traveling  expenses  on  account  of  health, 
or  in  the  cases  of  children. 

The  Board  will  interpret  and  apply  these  principles  in  a  just 
and  reasonable  way. 

Any  other  leave  of  absence  than  the  furlough  thus  provided 
for  should  be  by  vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation  of  the 
Mission,  except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health  does  not 
admit  of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of  the  Mission  will 
be  deemed  sufficient;  the  action  to  be  promptly  reported  to  the 
Board  with  medical  certificate.  The  Board  has  adopted  and 
furnished  the  Missions  with  a  form  of  certificate,  and  the  recep¬ 
tion  and  approval  of  these  certificates,  together  with  the  judg¬ 
ment  of  the  Mission  thereon  must  precede  the  settlement  of  the 
traveling  account  of  a  missionary  returning  to  the  United  States, 
when  no  provision  has  been  made  for  such  return  in  the  annual 
appropriations.  Where  a  consultation  of  the  medical  mission¬ 
aries  of  a  mission  is  practicable,  it  shall  only  be  on  the  recom¬ 
mendation  of  such  a  conference  that  missionaries  shall  be  ordered 
home  on  account  of  health. 

18.  Furloughs  except  as  specified  above  are  for  one  year  only, 
except  for  the  West  African  Mission,  where  the  furlough  shall 
be  eight  months,  in  addition  to  the  time  required  for  a  direct 
journey  to  and  from  the  field.  As  these  furloughs  should  be 
extended  by  the  Board  only  for  imperative  reasons,  great  care 
ought  to  be  taken  in  fixing  the  time  of  departure  from  the  field, 
so  that  risks  of  climate  may  not  interfere  with  the  return  at  the 
expiration  of  the  year.  The  approximate  date  of  departure  from 
the  field  should  be  fixed  at  regular  meeting  by  the  Mission  and 


15 


reported  to  the  Board.  If  it  cannot  be  fixed  at  a  regular  meeting, 
it  should  be  arranged  by  circular  letter  or  by  the  Executive  Com¬ 
mittee.  (See  §41.) 

Place  of  Furlough. 

19.  As  furloughs,  while  primarily  contemplating  the  health  of 
the  missionary,  have  reference  also  to  the  advantage  of  the  mis¬ 
sion  cause  in  the  Church  at  home,  it  is  desirable  that  they  be 
spent  in  the  United  States.  Any  missionary  wishing  to  spend 
part  of  the  furlough  in  foreign  countries  is  expected  to  corre¬ 
spond  with  the  Board  with  reference  to  the  time  to  be  so  spent 
and  the  date  at  which  the  home  allowance  shall  begin.  (See  §§ 
18,  23.) 

As  the  Board  pays  the  travel  expense  to  the  home  of  the  mis¬ 
sionary,  it  is  necessary  that  the  domicile  be  stated  when  render¬ 
ing  the  travel  account  and  that  the  journey  thereto  be  according 
to  the  provision  of  Paragraph  12. 

Traveling  on  Furlough. 

20.  When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted,  the  Board 
defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct  route  from 
his  station  to  the  home  of  the  missionary  in  this  country.  The 
alternative  proposition  of  §  12,  regarding  journey  to  the  field,  is 
available  for  tbe  home  journey  as  well.  (See  §§  18,  19,  23.) 
One  measured  ton  of  freight,  without  customs  duties  is  allowed 
each  adult  and  one-half  ton  for  each  child,  and  100  pounds  of 
excess  baggage  on  railroad  lines. 

In  returning  to  the  field  after  furlough  the  same  rules  apply 
as  in  coming  to  this  country. 

21.  Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made  on 
the  most  economical  basis  consistent  with  comfort  and  safety,  and 
wherever  possible  by  the  Mission  Treasurer  through  accredited 
agents  of  the  Board.  Missionaries  should  obtain  from  the  Mis¬ 
sion  Treasurer  copies  of  the  Travel  Manual  with  full  detailed 
instructions. 

22.  Missionaries  in  returning  home  should  bring  a  statement 
of  accounts  from  the  Mission  Treasurer  or  Station  Treasurer, 


16 


such  statement  to  cover  the  salary  account  and  other  accounts, 
and  funds  furnished  for  traveling  expenses.  As  soon  as  possible 
after  arriving  in  New  York  they  should  report  at  the  Mission 
House.  Should  they  arrive  at  any  other  port,  they  should  at  once 
send  to  the  Treasurer  a  full  statement  of  traveling  expenses; 
also  home  address. 

Home  Allowance. 

23.  The  allowance  while  at  home  shall  be  $1,000  per  annum  to 
a  husband  and  wife,  and  $500  to  an  unmarried  man,  to  a  wife, 
her  husband  remaining  on  the  field,  or  to  a  single  woman.  These 
sums  may  be  supplemented  in  cases  of  special  need. 

The  home  allowance  begins  when  the  payment  of  traveling 
expenses  from  the  field  ceases,  and  ends  when  the  payment  of 
traveling  expenses  to  the  field  begins ;  or  whenever  the  alterna¬ 
tive  offered  in  the  second  sentence  of  Paragraph  12  is  accepted, 
the  home  allowance  shall  begin  at  the  time  the  missionary  would 
have  reached  his  home  in  this  country  by  a  direct  route.  And 
the  same  principle  shall  be  applied  when  the  journey  is  toward 
the  field. 

The  home  allowance  of  widows  and  widowers  with  children 
shall  be  presumptively  that  of  unmarried  missionaries,  with  the 
understanding  that  these  amounts  may  be  supplemented  if  this 
is  found  to  be  necessary. 

Home  allowance  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  for  one 
year,  except  as  serious  physical  disability,  certified  to  by  a  com¬ 
petent  physician,  may  call  for  a  longer  period,  or  in  case  of  mis¬ 
sionaries  connected  with  Missions  where  the  Board  has  provided 
a  longer  period  of  furlough  as  in  Paragraph  18. 

Work  at  Home. 

24.  It  is  expected  that  missionaries  while  in  the  United  States 
will  avail  themselves  of  all  reasonable  opportunities  to  arouse  the 
zeal  and  interest  of  individuals  and  organizations  in  the  mission 
work.  The  interests  of  the  work  as  a  whole,  however,  require 
that  no  effort  should  be  made  to  secure  funds  for  any  object  not 
approved  by  the  Board.  (See  §48.) 


17 


The  Board  defrays  the  traveling  expenses  of  missionaries  vis¬ 
iting  ecclesiastical  bodies  or  churches  in  this  country  at  its 
request,  when  the  expenses  are  not  otherwise  paid. 

Extension  of  Furlough. 

23.  For  satisfactory  reasons  the  furlough  may  be  extended, 
but  at  the  end  of  the  time  agreed  upon,  if  the  consent  of  the 
Board  is  not  given,  payment  of  salary  and  other  expenses  will  be 
discontinued,  and  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  the  connection  of 
the  missionary  with  the  Board  will  be  terminated  unless  in 
special  cases.  (See  §  18.) 

Vacations  on  the  Field- 

26.  Such  brief  vacations  on  the  field  as  may  be  necessary  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  mission  force  are  to  be  determined  both 
as  to  time  and  length  by  the  Missions,  on  the  basis  of  plans  sub¬ 
mitted  by  the  Missions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

The  Board  provides  sanitariums  in  some  Missions  where  cli¬ 
matic  and  other  conditions  render  them  necessary  to  health,  but 
it  deems  it  inexpedient  to  pay  travelling  expenses  to  or  from 
such  sanitariums  save  in  cases  of  special  urgency,  to  be  deter¬ 
mined  after  correspondence  with  the  Board  touching  the  merits 
of  each  case. 

Medical  Expenses. 

27.  At  Stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring  under 
commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  regarded  as  the  physicians 
of  the  missionary  families  connected  with  the  Board,  to  render 
service  to  them  without  charge,  and  the  Board  does  not  engage 
to  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  seeking  medical  aid 
elsewhere.  Where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  or  other  physi¬ 
cian,  the  Board  will  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  reach¬ 
ing  or  obtaining  the  nearest  competent  physician  or  surgeon.  At 
Stations  where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  of  the  Board  an 
allowance  for  medical  attendance  will  be  made,  the  amount  to 
be  included  in  the  estimates  as  a  Station  appropriation.  When 
in  exceptional  cases  this  amount  is  necessarily  exceeded  an  appli- 


18 


cation  in  regular  form  for  special  appropriation  may  be  made  to 
the  Board.  No  medical  allowance  can  be  made  for  missionaries 
on  furlough  in  the  United  States,  except  in  circumstances  of 
extraordinary  necessity. 

Knowledge  of  the  Vernacular. 

28.  The  ability  to  read,  but  especially  to  speak,  the  native  lan¬ 
guage,  is  an  indispensable  qualification  for  missionary  service. 
To  aid  in  securing  this  each  Mission  is  required,  through  com¬ 
petent  committees,  to  examine  all  new  missionaries  at  the  close 
of  the  first  and  second  years  of  service,  and  at  such  other  times 
as  the  Mission  may  deem  wise,  as  to  their  knowledge  of  the  na¬ 
tive  tongue,  and  to  report  the  result  to  the  Board.  (See  §§  36,  39.) 
As  a  rule  those  who,  after  fair  trial,  are  unable  to  master  the 
language  of  the  people  among  whom  they  labor,  will  not  be  con¬ 
tinued  in  commission. 

Personal  teachers  will  be  provided  for  all  missionaries  for  a 
period  not  exceeding  three  years,  with  the  understanding — 

1.  That  if  the  requisite  examinations  are  passed  before  this, 
and  a  teacher  is  not  needed,  his  employment  ceases. 

2.  That  as  a  rule,  and  save  with  Mission  approval  for  the 
exception,  one  teacher  shall  suffice  for  a  man  and  wife.  That  in 
Missions  where  a  subsequent  or  “high  efficiency”  e.xamination  is 
provided,  teachers  shall  be  supplied  for  those  who  undertake 
this. 

3.  In  other  Missions,  where  it  is  deemed  advisable  by  the  Mis¬ 
sion  that  language  study  should  continue  beyond  the  three 
years  above  provided  for,  personal  teachers  shall  be  supplied,  one 
for  each  two  missionaries  pursuing  such  studies,  where  combina¬ 
tion  is  possible. 

4.  In  no  case  shall  personal  teachers  be  provided  for  more 
than  five  years,  without  special  authority  from  the  Board. 

5.  Writers  or  copyists  may  be  provided  for  missionaries  em¬ 
ployed  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission  in  literary  work,  where 
such  are  needed. 

In  Missions  where  it  is  necessary  to  learn  a  second  language 


19 


the  above  rules  shall  apply  afresh  in  the  case  of  the  second  lan¬ 
guage  and  the  employment  of  a  teacher  therefor. 

Remuneration  for  Outside  Work. 

29.  The  missionary  while  in  connection  with  the  Board  will 
give  his  time  and  strength  to  the  work  of  foreign  missions  under 
the  general  direction  of  the  Mission,  and  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  jManual.  If,  with  the  express  sanction  of  the 
Mission  and  the  Board,  he  shall  temporarily  undertake  work  not 
under  the  care  of  the  Board,  any  sum  of  money  paid  for  such 
work  shall  be  turned  into  the  treasury  of  the  Mission  and 
reported  to  the  Board,  except  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission 
and  the  explicit  consent  of  the  Board  to  the  contrary.  Where  the 
regular  work  is  a  source  of  revenue,  such  as  medical  fees,  etc., 
the  amount  received  shall  be  similarly  reported.  (See  §45.) 

Pensions. 

30.  No  pensions  are  allowed  under  any  circumstances ;  but 
if  missionaries  when  aged  and  infirm  remain  in  the  field  with  the 
approval  of  the  IMission  and  the  Board,  their  salaries  shall  be 
continued  because  of  such  service  as  they  may  be  able  to  render 
and  the  good  influence  of  their  Christian  example,  counsels  and 
prayers.  All  other  cases  naturally  fall  within  the  scope  of  the 
Board  of  Ministerial  Relief.  (See  §§  31,  32.) 

Withdrawals  from  Service. 

31.  In  the  event  of  withdrawal  from  missionary  service  for 
reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  it  will  defray  the 
expenses  of  the  journey  to  this  country,  provided  said  journey 
be  made  within  a  year  from  the  date  of  withdrawal,  and  may 
make  a  grant  of  funds  to  meet  present  exigencies  in  cases  of 
special  need.  If  further  assistance  is  required  after  his  return 
and  his  ceasing  to  be  connected  with  the  Board,  the  case  of  the 
ordained  missionary  and  his  family  falls  within  the  province  of 
the  Ministerial  Relief  Fund  of  the  General  Assembly  in  com¬ 
mon  with  the  cases  of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  in  this  country 
in  like  circumstances. 


20 


32.  The  General  Assembly  in  1885  extended  the  privilege  of 
the  Relief  Fund  to  “women  who  have  given  themselves  to  the 
missionary  work,”  on  the  same  condition  as  to  ministers,  and  in 
1889  extended  the  same  privilege  to  “lay  missionaries  commis¬ 
sioned  by  the  Foreign  Board.” 

Children  of  Missionaries. 

33.  An  allowance  of  $100  is  made  for  each  child  under  ten 
years  of  age,  and  $150  between  the  ages  of  ten  and  twenty. 
This  grant  ceases  when  the  missionary  ceases  to  be  connected 
with  the  Board,  but  is  continued  within  the  same  age  limits  to  the 
children  of  a  missionary  who  may  have  died  in  the  service.  The 
Board  can  not  provide  children’s  allowance  in  case  of  the  adopted 
children  of  missionaries,  and  the  amount  of  children’s  allowance 
to  be  paid  to  any  one  missionary  family  in  a  single  year  shall 
not  exceed  $650. 

34.  The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the  chil¬ 
dren  of  missionaries  to  this  country  under  the  age  of  eighteen, 
provided  that  the  number  of  single  trips  of  any  child  between  this 
country  and  the  foreign  field  for  which  the  Board  shall  be 
responsible  shall  not  exceed  four ;  but  it  does  not  engage  to  meet 
the  expense  of  their  return  after  the  age  of  sixteen  to  the  coun¬ 
try  from  which  they  came  unless  they  go  out  as  missionaries 
under  appointment  by  the  Board. 

35.  The  Board  counsels  missionaries  that  when  practicable  and 
expedient,  their  children  should  be  placed  in  the  immediate 
charge  of  relatives  or  friends,  in  order  that  the  Homes  at  Woos¬ 
ter,  Ohio,  provided  through  the  generosity  of  Christian  friends, 
may  be  available  for  those  who  need  them  most.  These  Homes 
are  under  the  direction  of  a  Board  of  Managers,  responsible  to 
the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Children  are  admitted  by  a 
vote  of  the  Managers,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  at  a  cost 
of  $175  per  annum,  for  boarding  and  home.  This  amount  is 
paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 
In  any  case,  the  Board  does  not  assume  any  responsibility  for 
missionaries’  children  beyond  doing  everything  in  its  power  to 
aid  the  parents  in  making  satisfactory  arrangements. 


21 


Right  to  Recall. 

36.  The  Board  reserves  the  right  of  recalling  missionaries  or 
of  revoking  their  appointment  for  sufficient  reasons,  which  are 
to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly, 
with  the  minutes  of  the  Board.  When  the  usefulness  of  any 
missionary  is  open  to  serious  question  on  the  field  in  which  he 
has  been  laboring,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Mission  to  make 
proper  investigation  and  to  report  its  judgment  to  the  Board. 
(See  §38.)  After  the  connection  of  missionaries  with  the  Board 
has  been  terminated,  no  payments  of  money  on  their  account  will 
be  made  unless  by  special  agreement. 

THE  PRESBYTERY. 

37.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  to  magnify  the  Presbytery, 
and  to  have  such  parts  of  the  work  committed  to  its  direction 
and  control  as  the  Mission,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board, 
may  deem  wise  from  time  to  time,  looking  to  the  speedy  estab¬ 
lishment  of  a  self-supporting  and  self-propagating  native  Church. 

The  Board  can  not  provide  traveling  or  other  expenses  for 
natives  or  missionaries  in  connection  with  the  ecclesiastical 
meetings  of  the  native  churches,  e.  g.,  Presbytery  and  Synod. 

38.  With  reference  to  the  relations  of  the  Missions  and  native 
Churches  and  Presbyteries  attention  is  called  to  the  action  of  the 
General  Assembly,  Minutes  of  1898,  page  73. 

“That  in  the  judgment  of  the  Assembly  the  best  results  of 
Mission  Work  in  Brazil  and  other  foreign  fields  will  be  attained 
only  when  right  lines  of  distinction  are  observed  between  the 
functions  of  the  native  Churches  and  the  functions  of  the  for¬ 
eign  Missions ;  the  Missions  contributing  to  the  etablishment  of 
the  native  Churches  and  looking  forward  to  passing  on  into  the 
regions  beyond  when  their  work  is  done,  and  the  natk'e  Churches 
grow'ing  up  with  an  independent  identity  from  the  beginning, 
administering  their  own  contributions  and  resources  unentangled 
with  any  responsibility  for  the  administration  of  the  Missions  or 
of  the  funds  committed  to  the  Missions.” 


22 


THE  MISSION. 


Mission. 

39.  In  general  a  Mission  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries 
under  appointment  by  the  Board  within  specified  territorial  limits. 
For  the  transaction  of  business  the  men  are  regarded  as  consti¬ 
tuting  the  administrative  force  of  the  Mission.  The  women  of 
the  Mission,  however,  who  are  actively  engaged  in  Mission  work 
(the  Mission  to  determine  when  this  condition  is  met),  are 
entitled  to  vote  on  what  is  known  as  Woman’s  Work.  Each  Mis¬ 
sion  has  authority,  also,  should  it  so  desire,  to  extend  the  right 
of  voting  on  all  questions  to  the  women  of  the  Mission.  No 
missionary  shall  have  a  right  to  vote  until  after  one  year’s  service 
in  connection  with  the  Mission,  and  until  he  shall  have  passed 
the  language  examinations  appointed  for  the  first  year.  (See 
§28.) 

The  wives  of  missionaries  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
Paragraphs  28  and  39  of  the  Manual  withholding  from  mission¬ 
aries  the  right  to  vote  until  they  have  passed  the  language  exam¬ 
inations  for  the  first  3rear. 

Powers  of  the  Mission. 

40.  The  Mission  has  the  general  care  and  supervision  of  all 
work  within  its  limits.  All  questions  of  policy,  method  and 
expenditure  are  subject  to  its  judgment,  and  all  requests  requir¬ 
ing  the  action  of  the  Board  should  be  accompanied  by  the  action 
of  the  Mission  upon  them.  Tours  of  exploration  or  any  unusual 
work  should  be  undertaken  only  with  the  advice  of  the  Mission. 

The  Mission  assigns  and  in  general  supervises  the  work  of 
individual  missionaries,  to  the  end  that  all  forms  of  labor  may 
have  the  benefit  of  united  counsel  and  may  promote  the  interests 
of  the  work  as  a  whole.  It  is  proper,  of  course,  that  the  views 
of  all  missionaries  regarding  their  location  and  work  should 
be  heard  and  fully  considered,  and  if  any  missionary  shall  be 
dissatisfied  with  the  action  of  the  Mission,  an  appeal  to  the  Board 
for  final  decision  can  be  made. 


23 


Executive  Committee. 

41.  Any  Mission  may  at  its  annual  meeting  appoint  an  Execu¬ 
tive  Committee,  ad  interim,  to  have  authority  to  indorse  as 
approved  any  request  to  the  Board.  All  actions  submitted  to  this 
Committee  must  have  the  approval  of  the  proper  Station  or 
Stations.  (See  §§  48,  50.) 

Any  Mission  may  commit  to  its  Executive  Committee,  if  it 
desires,  the  discharge  of  any  of  the  functions  and  duties  of  the 
Mission  as  defined  in  the  Manual. 

Mission  Meetings. 

42.  The  Mission  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  and  be  gov¬ 
erned  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  church  judicatories,  so  far  as 
applicable,  and  it  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  its  proceedings, 
copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  soon  after  each  meet¬ 
ing.  On  questions  involving  requests  for  appropriations,  the 
expenditure  of  funds  and  the  location,  transfer  or  retirement  of 
missionaries,  a  two-thirds  vote  shall  be  required.  In  all  other 
cases  a  majority  shall  decide.  The  traveling  expenses  to  Mis¬ 
sion  meetings  shall  be  met  (unless  under  peculiar  circumstances) 
only  for  those  who  are  voting  members,  and  those  who  have  not 
completed  their  first  year  of  service.  (See  §39.) 

Missions  and  missionaries  in  transmitting  matters  requiring 
Board  action  are  requested  to  transmit  them  in  strictly  business 
communications,  distinct  from  matters  of  general  missionary 
interest.  After  each  Mission  meeting  the  Secretary  of  the 
Mission  shall  make  a  separate  list  of  such  acts  of  the  Mission 
meeting  as  may  require  Board  action,  and  transmit  them  as 
promptly  as  possible  to  the  Board  in  a  separate  communication. 

Literary  Work. 

43.  Literary  work,  such  as  translating  and  the  preparation  of 
religious  and  educational  books,  should  be  undertaken  only  with 
the  consent  or  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission,  and  by  per¬ 
sons  adjudged  to  be  most  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  lan¬ 
guage.  All  translations  of  the  Scriptures  are  to  be  governed  by 
the  action  of  the  Board  (April  16,  1894)  : 


24 


“Inasmuch  as  the  rules  of  both  the  American  Bible  Society  and 
the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  authorize  only  such  devia¬ 
tions  from  the  textiis  receptns  as  are  sanctioned  by  the  English 
or  the  American  Revision  Committees  of  1881,  it  was 

“Resolved,  That  these  limitations  and  exceptions  be  applied 
to  all  translations  made  under  the  authority  of  the  Board ;  any 
specific  questions  which  may  arise  on  minor  points  to  be  sub¬ 
mitted  to  the  Committee  on  Versions  of  the  American  Bible 
Society.” 

Estimates. 

44.  At  the  annual  meeting  the  Mission  shall  prepare  a  careful 
estimate  of  the  probable  necessary  expenses  of  its  work  for  the 
year  beginning  on  the  1st  of  April  following  the  date  of  annual 
meeting.  Where  there  is  more  than  one  Station  in  a  Mission, 
each  Station  shall  prepare  its  estimates  to  be  submitted  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Mission  for  detailed  consideration  and 
recommendation,  as  the  Board  requires  the  judgment  of  the  Mis¬ 
sion  on  all  the  estimates  of  each  Station.  It  is  specially  desired 
that  in  recommending  appropriations  for  new  work,  such  as  the 
sending  out  of  new  missionaries,  the  purchase  of  property,  erec¬ 
tion  of  buildings,  etc.,  the  Mission  shall  indicate  the  order  of 
their  importance. 

The  estimates  should  indicate  first  what  is  needed  for  the 
work  of  the  ensuing  year,  the  amount  not  to  exceed  the  grant 
of  the  year  preceding  that  for  which  the  estimate  is  made,  and, 
secondly,  if  more  is  required,  how  the  Mission  would  spend  the 
desired  increase. 

The  estimates  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in  charge 
of  the  correspondence,  and  will  be  acted  upon  by  the  Board  as 
promptly  as  possible.  Pending  such  action  the  Mission  is  author¬ 
ized  to  proceed  with  all  expeditures  included  under  the  first  class, 
and  the  Treasurer  will  remit  accordingly,  but  may  not  enter 
upon  the  expenditures  included  in  the  second  class  without 
authority  from  the  Board. 

In  making  these  estimates  the  Mission  will  follow  the  classifi¬ 
cation  of  expenditures  as  arranged  by  the  Board  so  as  to  facili- 


25 


tate  their  prompt  consideration,  and  will  use  the  estimate  sheets 
provided  by  the  Board. 

Each  Station  in  preparing  its  estimates  shall  consult  with  the 
proper  agents  of  the  native  Church  so  as  to  secure  its  proper 
share  in,  and  responsibility  for,  the  support  of  all  evangelistic 
and  educational  work.  The  amount  given  by  the  native  Church 
and  the  amount  of  help  asked  from  the  Board  shall  be  clearly 
stated. 

45.  In  case  any  work  is  partially  supported  by  receipts  upon 
the  field,  the  estimated  receipts  shall  be  carefully  stated,  and  also 
the  estimated  expenses,  and  only  that  amount  shall  be  asked 
which  is  needed  to  meet  the  estimated  deficit.  Should  the  actual 
receipts  fall  below  the  estimated  receipts,  the  Board  will  grant  at 
the  close  of  the  year  whatever  is  needed  to  meet  the  obligations 
authorized;  the  Mission  or  Station  Treasurers  to  report  promptly 
any  need  thus  arising.  Should  the  actual  receipts  exceed  the  es¬ 
timated  receipts,  the  gain  shall  accrue  to  the  Treasury  of  the 
Board.  Save  that  when  the  excess  is  due  to  an  unforseen  en¬ 
largement  of  the  work,  due,  for  example,  to  more  paying  pupils 
in  the  school  or  patients  in  the  hospital,  it  shall  be  allowable  to 
apply  so  much  of  the  excess  as  is  necessary  to  meet  the  increased 
cost  of  the  work,  due  to  this  enlargement.  But  this  shall  not 
be  understood  to  entail  upon  the  Board  any  obligation  to  in¬ 
crease  the  grants  from  its  Treasury  for  the  work. 

46.  The  appropriations  made  by  the  Board  will  always  be  in 
the  currency  of  the  country  for  which  they  are  made,  save  in 
the  matter  of  missionaries’  salaries  and  children’s  allowances  and 
items  of  expenditure  in  this  country. 

47.  As  the  Board  must  render  annual  reports  to  the  Church 
of  its  expenditures  on  the  foreign  field,  the  various  Missions 
must  consider  each  year’s  appropriations  as  available  only  during 
the  year  for  which  they  are  made. 

Liberty  of  Transfer. 

48.  Any  Mission  or  Station  is  at  liberty  to  make  necessary 
transfers  in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the  Board, 
within  any  one  class,  except  within  the  following:  “Missionaries 


26 


not  on  Field.”  “New  Missionaries,”  and  “New  Property.”  When 
necessary,  transfers  from  one  class  to  another  may  also  lie  made 
until  January  31,  if  approved  by  the  Mission  or  the  Execu¬ 
tive  Committee  of  the  Mission.  This  provision  for  transfers 
from  class  to  class  does  not  apply  to  classes  “Alissionaries  on 
Field,”  “Missionaries  not  on  Field,”  “New  Missionaries,”  and 
“New  Property.” 

In  view  of  the  occurrence  of  such  changes  in  the  appropriations 
as  are  provided  for  above,  the  Board  will  expect  from  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Mission  or  Station  a  final  and  complete  state¬ 
ment  of  the  newly-distributed  appropriations,  according  to  the 
method  of  classification  and  statement  followed  in  the  estimate 
blanks;  this  final  statement  to  be  directed  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Board,  and  to  reach  him  not  later  than  February  28,  and  as 
much  earlier  as  may  be  practicable. 

In  adjusting  the  appropriations  to  the  necessities  of  the  work 
on  the  field  the  only  items  which  the  Board  exempts  from  re¬ 
duction  or  transfer  are  those  in  Classes  I,  II,  III  and  VIII,  and 
such  specific  items  in  other  classes  as  may  be  exempted  by  a 
special  action  of  the  Board.  All  other  appropriations  are  within 
the  rules  of  the  Manual;  subject  to  such  readjustment  by  the 
Missions  as  the  exigencies  of  the  field  situation  may  require. 
It  is  of  course  expected  that  the  Mission  will  take  into  due  con¬ 
sideration  any  association  of  particular  objects  with  special  givers 
in  this  country,  and  it  will  not  needlessly  disturb  such  relations. 
But  if  in  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  the  interests  of  the  work 
are  seriously  involved,  the  Board  will  support  the  Mission  in 
assigning  to  such  objects  their  proportionate  share  of  any  reduc¬ 
tion,  and  the  Board  will  take  up  with  the  givers  at  home  any  diffi¬ 
culties  which  may  arise. 

Special  Appeals. 

49.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should  be 
so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from  the  field  to  churches. 
Sabbath-schools,  societies  or  individuals  for  special  gifts.  Such 
applications  involve  unjust  discriminations  in  favor  of  some 
Missions  and  missionaries,  subordinate  the  judgment  of  the  Mis- 


27 


sion  to  private  judgment,  interfere  with  the  regular  income 
of  the  Board,  and  if  right  for  one  are  right  for  all,  and  so  mili¬ 
tate  against  the  purpose  of  the  Church  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Board.  It  is  expected  that  each  missionary  will  aid  in  raising 
the  large  amount  required  for  the  work  formally  recommended 
by  the  Missions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

Missionaries  are  requested  to  refer  to  the  Secretaries  in  New 
York  all  requests  for  special  objects,  as  such  questions  are  given 
systematic  attention. 

All  money  not  paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  but 
received  for  the  work  by  missionaries  from  Churches  or  other 
organizations  or  from  individuals,  should  be  reported  through 
the  Mission  Treasurers.  The  Board  feels  that  wherever  consist¬ 
ent  with  the  will  of  the  donor,  such  gifts  should  be  applied  to 
the  regular  budget  of  authorized  expenditures  for  the  year  until 
this  has  been  wholly  met.  But  if  this  is  not  allowable,  the  Board 
considers  it  but  just  to  the  Church  and  to  the  givers  themselves 
and  to  the  work  as  a  whole,  that  all  gifts  going  out  to  the  field 
should  be  reported  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  the  Mission 
Treasurer  should  make  report  to  the  Board,  showing: 

(a)  All  gifts  passing  through  his  hands  for  special  purposes. 

(b)  As  far  as  possible,  all  gifts  not  passing  through  his 
hands,  but  received  and  expended  by  individual  missionaries  for 
the  work. 

Special  Appropriations. 

50.  After  the  estimates  are  sent  to  the  Board,  special  requests 
for  grants  cannot  be  entertained  except  in  extraordinary  cir¬ 
cumstances.  When  such  cases  arise  during  the  year  calling  for 
extra  appropriations,  they  should  be  submitted  to  the  Mission, 
either  at  a  Mission  meeting  or  by  circular  letter — [The  approval 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  any  Mission  will  be  adequate 
when  such  a  committee  exists.  (See  §41j] — and  forwarded  to 
the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  corespondence,  with  the  Mission’s 
recommendation.  The  blanks  furnished  for  this  purpose  by  the 
Board  should  be  used. 


28 


Supreme  Aim  of  Work. 

51.  The  great  end  of  missionary  life  and  service  is  the  preach¬ 
ing  of  Christ  crucified.  All  forms  of  work  must  be  subordinate 
to  this  end,  and  all  methods  of  missionary  effort,  medical,  educa¬ 
tional,  industrial,  etc.,  will  be  sanctioned  and  supported  by  the 
Board  only  as  they  contribute  to  a  wider  and  more  effective 
proclamation  of  the  Gospel  and  give  promise  of  vital  missionary 
results. 

Property. 

52.  Xo  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  sold,  nor  any  building 
erected  for  the  Board,  without  its  sanction.  None  of  its  property 
is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt.  All  property  given 
or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once  transferred  to  it,  or  be 
held  in  trust  for  it. 

Gifts  on  the  field  or  from  sources  outside  of  the  Board’s 
Treasury  for  the  erection  of  buildings  on  the  property  of  the 
Board,  or  for  enlarging  or  improving  buildings  already  in  use, 
or  for  acquiring  new  property,  should  be  reported  to  the  Board, 
and  before  these  gifts  are  expended  full  plans  of  the  improve¬ 
ments  contemplated  should  be  submitted  to  the  Board  for  its 
approval. 

Title  deeds  of  all  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the  way 
required  by  the  government  within  whose  territory  the  Mission 
is  located;  copies  thereof,  with  diagrams  of  land  and  buildings, 
to  be  sent  to  the  Treasurer  at  New  York.  All  repairs  on  build¬ 
ings  shall  be  included  in  the  general  estimates,  and  no  enlarge¬ 
ment  or  alteration  involving  expense  shall  be  made  without  the 
concurrence  of  the  Mission  or  the  Property  Committee,  and,  if 
amounting  to  more  than  $100,  the  sanction  of  the  Board. 

Missionaries  who  expend  funds  belonging  to  the  Board,  or  who 
in  any  way  involve  the  Board  in  property  or  financial  obligations, 
without  its  consent,  will  be  held  personally  responsible  for  the 
amount. 

Property  Committee. 

53.  Each  Mission  shall,  at  its  annual  meeting,  appoint  a  Prop¬ 
erty  Committee,  without  whose  approval,  in  addition  to  the 


29 


Board’s  appropriation,  no  plans  shall  be  adopted  nor  any  land 
purchased,  and  who  shall  have  general  supervision  of  the  erec¬ 
tion  of  all  buildings.  Copies  of  all  plans  approved  by  this  com¬ 
mittee  shall  be  forwarded  as  soon  as  possible  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Board. 

Sale  and  Rent. 

54.  Property  not  in  use  and  not  likely  to  be  needed  for  mis¬ 
sionary  purposes  should  be  disposed  of  promptly,  or  as  soon  as 
a  fair  price  can  be  obtained.  Sales  are  to  be  authorized  by  the 
Missions  or  Property  Committees  on  terms  approved  by  them 
and  confirmed,  in  cases  of  real  estate,  by  the  Board.  The  pro¬ 
ceeds  of  such  sales  should  be  credited  to  the  Board  and  reported 
at  once.  Where  property  unused  by  the  Mission  cannot  be  sold, 
it  should  be  rented  as  advantageously  as  possible  and  the  pro¬ 
ceeds  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  in  such  cases  the 
character  of  the  tenant  and  the  proposed  use  of  the  property  to 
be  carefully  considered. 

Printing  Presses. 

55.  No  printing  establishment  or  press  shall  be  erected  with¬ 
out  the  express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  Board,  and  no  print¬ 
ing  establishment  of  the  Board  shall  be  used  for  private  work 
or  for  any  missionary  publications  except  under  authorization 
of  the  Mission;  and  letters,  tracts,  or  appeals  printed  at  these 
establishments  at  the  expense  of  the  Board,  with  a  view  to  their 
being  sent  to  individuals  or  communities  in  the  United  States, 
must  have’  the  authorization  of  the  Board.  The  Board  has 
adopted  special  regulations  governing  the  operation  of  all  Mis¬ 
sion  Printing  Presses. 

Station. 

56.  A  Station  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries  appointed 
by  the  Board  within  certain  limits  prescribed  by  the  Mission ; 
its  voting  members  to  be  determined  by  the  Mission  in  con¬ 
formity  with  the  principles  of  §  39.  Each  Station  shall  have  con¬ 
trol  of  the  missionary  work  within  its  field,  under  the  direction  of 


30 


the  Mission.  New  Stations  can  be  established  only  by  action  of 
the  Board,  on  recommendation  of  the  Mission.  The  force  as¬ 
signed  to  such  Stations  should,  if  possible,  include  one  mission¬ 
ary  of  experience. 

Mission  and  Station  Secretaries. 

57.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall  choose  for  itself  a 
Secretar}",  to  be  changed  as  seldom  as  possible,  the  names  to  be 
reported  to  the  Board,  whose  duties  shall  be  to  receive  and  keep 
files  of  all  official  correspondence  addressed  to  Missions  and  Sta¬ 
tions,  to  receive  and  distribute  all  report  forms  and  see  that  they 
and  all  minutes  and  reports  provided  for  in  the  Manual  are  in 
proper  form  and  season  returned  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of 
the  correspondence,  to  see  that  all  communications  addressed  to 
Missions  and  Stations  have  proper  reply,  to  forward  the  state¬ 
ment  called  for  in  Paragraph  42,  and  to  perform  such  other  func¬ 
tions  as  shall  be  assigned  by  the  Missions.  The  above  does  not 
apply  to  correspondence  between  the  Board  and  Mission  and  Sta¬ 
tion  Treasurers.  (See  §§  48,  52,  53,  C5.) 

58.  Care  should  be  taken  that  all  official  letters  of  the  Board 
sent  to  the  Missions  be  seen  by  each  missionary. 

Reports, 

59.  Each  Station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the  Mission  year, 
reports,  both  statistical  and  general,  of  the  various  departments 
of  its  work,  and  submit  them  to  the  Mission  at  the  annual  meet¬ 
ing.  Each  missionary  also  shall  prepare  a  brief  personal  report 
of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year,  to  be  submitted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion.  All  these  reports  should  be  reviewed  by  the  Mission  and 
forwarded  without  delay  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  cor¬ 
respondence,  with  the  Mission’s  judgment  thereon. 

Letters. 

60.  It  is  expected  that  each  Station  shall  write  a  bi-monthly 
letter  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence  with  the 
Mission,  concerning  the  work  in  its  various  departments,  the 
members  of  the  Station  discharging  this  duty  in  turn. 


31 


Gl.  It  is  desirable  that  individual  missionaries  and  the  Secre¬ 
taries  of  the  Board  should  correspond  as  fully  and  frequently 
as  ma}^  be  expedient,  for  mutual  helpfulness  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  work. 

62.  All  correspondence  with  the  officers  of  the  Board  should 
be  on  uniform  paper  furnished  by  the  Board,  the  writing  to  be 
on  one  side  only.  Matters  pertaining  to  the  respective  depart¬ 
ments  of  Secretaries  or  Treasurer  should  be  forwarded  on  sep¬ 
arate  sheets  and  ordinarily  under  separate  covers. 

TREASURERS. 

Mission  Treasurer. 

63.  The  jNIission  shall  elect  a  Treasurer  at  its  annual  meeting 
or  when  a  vacancy  occurs,  said  Treasurer  to  assume  his  duties  at 
the  time  designated  by  the  Mission ;  the  election  to  be  reported  to 
the  Board,  and  to  be  subject  to  its  approval.  It  devolves  on  the 
Mission  Treasurer  to  preserve  carefully  all  deeds  of  Mission 
property  and  other  legal  papers  not  transmitted  to  the  Board 
(in  Stations  where  this  is  not  convenient  the  Mission  may  as¬ 
sign  this  duty  to  the  Station  Treasurer)  ;  to  keep  in  official  books, 
procured  at  the  Board’s  expense  and  to  be  the  property  of  the 
Board,  clear  and  correct  accounts  of  all  receipts  and  payments, 
and  to  have  vouchers  for  the  latter,  and  to  keep  files  of  all  official 
correspondence  properly  belonging  to  his  department.  (See 
§  57.)  His  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any  member 
of  the  Mission  at  any  reasonable  time. 

64.  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board  for  the 
distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission,  and 
is  responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for  all  funds  for¬ 
warded  by  him,  these  funds  to  be  kept  in  a  bank  or  other  safe 
depository  approved  by  the  Mission.  No  funds  of  the  Board 
shall  be  loaned  under  any  circumstances.  There  is  no  warrant 
for  assuming  liabilities  on  behalf  of  the  Board,  without  the 
actual  consent  of  the  Board,  and  it  is  within  its  proper  right  to 
repudiate  any  such  obligations.  The  acceptance  of  funds  for 
deposit,  and  the  investment  of  the  same  in  any  form  of  secur- 


32 


ity,  must  be  avoided.  The  advancing  of  funds  for  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  chapels  or  in  behalf  of  any  individual,  however  urgent 
might  appear  to  be  the  necessity,  is  unwarranted. 

The  principle  of  this  Paragraph  is  to  be  strictly  construed, 
there  being  no  warrant  for  disbursements  beyond  the  limit  of 
appropriations,  except  in  cases  for  which  the  Manual  provides. 

65.  He  is  also  the  agent  of  the  Board  to  enforce  any  rules  gov¬ 
erning  the  use  of  revenue  derived  from  such  sources  as  tuition 
fees,  medical  fees,  press  earnings  and  premium  on  exchange,  etc. 
(See  §  §  29,  45,  46,  54.)  Such  funds  must  be  paid  to  him,  and  be 
by  him  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

66.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  directed  to  remit  to  each 
Mission  Treasurer  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  i^.Tission  dur¬ 
ing  the  fiscal  year  of  the  Board,  and  only  that  amount ;  this  to 
be  forwarded  regularly,  and  preferably  in  monthly  instalments; 
bills  of  exchange  to  be  negotiated  by  the  Mission  Treasurers  as 
necessities  require. 

67.  The  receipt  of  such  remittances  is  to  be  officially  acknowl¬ 
edged  by  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  for  all  such  funds  he  must 
return  an  annual  report  to  the  Board  through  its  Treasurer,  duly 
audited  by  a  committee  of  not  less  than  two,  appointed  for  such 
purpose  by  the  Mission  at  its  annual  meeting.  This  committee 
shall  meet  to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Mission  Treasurer  as 
soon  as  possible  after  April  1  in  each  year. 

68.  In  auditing  the  accounts  the  committee  of  the  Mission 
are  expected  not  only  to  examine  the  footings  and  vouchers  for 
each  payment,  but  also  to  report  whether  the  disbursements 
under  appropriations  were  made  in  accordance  with  the  vote  of 
the  Board.  The  audit  should  include  an  examination  of  the  cash 
in  bank.  And  a  report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Mission  certify¬ 
ing  that  the  audit  required  by  this  Paragraph  has  been  made, 
and  the  results  thereof  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Board. 

69.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time  to 
time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission  treasuries 
with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements  in  American  gold. 


33 


but  the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  Mission  must  be  rendered 
once  each  year. 

70.  The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but  the  funds  must 
be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  appropriations  as 
made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  without  special 
authority  being  obtained.  (See  §  §  47,  48.) 

Station  Treasurers. 

71.  Sation  Treasurers  shall  be  annually  appointed  by  each  Sta¬ 
tion,  or  where  the  Mission  shall  prefer,  by  the  Mission,  and  the 
names  reported  to  the  Board,  save  in  those  Missions  where  the 
Board  provides  for  the  discharge  of  these  duties  by  the  Mission 
Treasurer.  They  are  the  financial  agents  of  the  Mission  for  their 
several  Stations,  with  powers  and  responsibilities  in  their  respect¬ 
ive  spheres,  similar  to  those  of  Mission  Treasurers.  They  must 
submit  reports  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  as  he  does  to  the  Board 
Treasurer,  such  reports  to  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  members 
of  the  Station,  and  to  be  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  the 
Station.  (See  §§  48,  63.) 

72.  The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  devise  reasonable  rules  to 
secure  from  Station  Treasurers  proper  accounts,  such  rules  to 
be  approved  by  his  Mission,  and  a  copy  sent  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Board. 

Purchases  and  Money  Orders, 

73.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make  pur¬ 
chases  for  the  missionaries  of  the  Board,  but  all  charges,  includ¬ 
ing  freight,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  salary  of  the  missionary. 
The  Treasurer  shall  require  such  form  of  order  for  goods  as 
will  bind  the  missionaiy,  and  may  require  the  countersignature 
of  a  Mission  or  Station  Treasurer.  These  purchases  are  for  the 
Mission  work  and  for  the  missionaries’  personal  needs,  and  do 
not  include  purchases  for  others  not  directly  associated  with  the 
Missions. 

74.  The  Board’s  Treasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to  the 
field,  funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  missionaries,  and 


34 


in  turn  pay  upon  authority  funds  transferred  to  him  by  the  mis¬ 
sionaries. 

Such  transfers  will  be  made  under  rules  which  he  may  make, 
but  shall  only  be  made  for  actual  value  received,  and  shall  not 
be  made  by  negotiable  drafts  (payable  through  banks'). 

Emergency  Drafts. 

75.  If  necessity  compels,  the  Mission  Treasurer  may  draw  on 
the  Board’s  Treasurer  at  ten  days’  sight  for  an  amount  not  to 
exceed  the  proportionate  allowance  of  appropriation  for  one 
month;  but  in  such  event  a  statement  must  be  at  once  forwarded 
to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  setting  forth  the  emergency. 

Treasurer’s  Annual  Report. 

76.  As  the  Board  for  the  purposes  of  its  Annual  Report  to 
the  General  Assembly  closes  its  books  on  March  31,  in  each 
year,  the  Treasurer  shall  require  from  the  Mission  Treasurers 
such  reports  as  will  enable  him  to  prepare  his  report. 

77.  At  the  end  of  the  year  (March  31),  all  unexpended  bal¬ 
ances  and  unused  appropriations  revert  to  the  Treasury  of  the 
Board.  (See  §§  15,  47,  48.) 

The  Treasurer  is,  however,  authorized  to  allow  proper  pay¬ 
ments  from  balance,  if  any,  for  work  actually  done  during  the 
year,  under  the  appropriations  of  that  year,  though  the  accounts 
are  rendered  after  the  year  ends ;  and  the  Mission  may  apply  to 
have  any  unused  appropriations  continued,  in  addition  to  the  ap¬ 
propriations  for  the  next  year.  But  all  unused  funds  and  unfin¬ 
ished  work  must  be  reported  at  the  end  of  each  year. 


35 


INDEX 


Paragraph. 


Accounts— 

Short .  69 

Annual .  69 

Of  returning  Missionaries....  32 

Aim  of  Work,  Supreme .  51 

Applications  — 

Ordained .  3 

Medical .  3 

Laymen .  3 

Single  Women .  4 

Single  Women,  Marriage  of..  4 

Wives  of  Missionaries  .  5 

Interview  with  Officers .  7 

Appointments — 

General  Requirements .  1 

Men  with  Children .  1 

Revocation  of .  36 

Appropriations — 

Application  to  continue .  77 

Unexpended  and  unused .  77 

In  currency  of  the  country..  46 
Cut  on  special  objects .  48 


Available  for  one  year  only..  47 
Limited  to  amount  voted....  66 
Request  for,  to  be  accom¬ 
panied  by  Mission  ac¬ 


tion . 42,  44,  50 

Purpose  of .  51 

To  be  sent  regularly .  66 

Transfer  of  .  48 

Adjustment  of .  48 

Special .  50 

Llnhnished  Work .  77 

Assignment  to  Field .  8 

Audit — 

Duties  of  Auditors . 68,  71 

Baggage— 

Allowance  of . . .  12 

Board — 

Introduction . Page  3 

Function  of . Page  3 

Right  to  recall  Missionaries. .  36 
Bills  of  Exchange — 

To  be  negotiated  as  necessities 
require .  66 


Buildings — See  Property. 


Paragraph 


Candidates — See  Applications. 

Interview  with  officers .  7 

Conference  for  new  mission¬ 
aries .  7 

Children  of  Missionaries— 

Return  on  account  of  health.  17 

Allowances  of .  33 

Adopted  children .  33 

Journey  to  and  from  field .  34 

Care  of,  in  United  States .  35 

Account  of,  to  be  closed  at  end 

of  fiscal  year .  15 

Freight  Allowance .  20 

Designation  of  Field .  8 

Drafts — Emergency .  75 

Estimates— 

Provisions  for  furloughs .  17 

General  Rules .  44 

Where  work  partially  sup¬ 
ported  by  receipts  from  field  45 
To  be  in  currency  of  country. .  46 

Deficit  in,  in  certain  cases .  45 

Share  of  native  church .  44 

Executive  Committee.  ..  .41,  48,  50 

Field— Designation  of .  8 

Freight — 

Going  to  field . ' .  12 

Returning  from  field .  20 

Return  to  field .  20 

Funds — 

Emergency  drafts .  75 

Mission  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Board .  64 

Station  Treasurer  Agent  of 

Mission .  71 

General  control  of,  in  hands 

of  Mission .  70 

Not  to  be  loaned .  64 

Receipt  of,  to  be  acknowl¬ 
edged .  67 

Bills  of  Exchange  to  be  ne-  , 
gotiated  as  necessities  re-  '  ’* 

quire .  60 

Mission  Treasurer,  responsi¬ 
ble  for .  64 


36 


Paragraph, 


Paragraph. 


Furloughs — 

After  five,  six,  seven,  eight, 

nine  and  ten  years .  17 

Provision  for,  in  estimates. .. .  17 

Time  of  leaving  field .  17 

Emergency  cases .  17 

Minimum  term,  or  average 

point  for  two .  17 

Return  on  account  of  chil¬ 
dren .  17 

Medical  certificate .  17 

Duration  of .  18 

Extension  of . 18,  25 

To  be  spent  in  U.  8 .  19 

Route  to  be  to  U.  S.  direct. ...  20 
Freight  and  baggage  allow¬ 
ance .  20 


Missionaries  on,  to  bring  ac¬ 
count .  22 

Missionaries  on,  report  at  New 

York .  22 

Missionaries  on,  report  Home 

Address .  22 

Home  Allowance— 

Amount  Paid .  2.3 

Widows  and  widowers .  23 

Commencement .  23 

Special  Grant .  23 

Individual  Work . 29,  40 

Interview  with  Officers .  7 

Introduction . Page  3 

Journey — 

Expenses,  paid  by  Board .  12 

Route,  Freight,  &c .  12 

Excess  Baggage .  12 

Travel  Manual .  12 

Literary  Work .  43 

Language — 

Knowledge  of  the  Vernacular,  28 
Examinations  at  end  of  1st 

and  2d  year .  28 

Personal  teachers .  28 

Teacher  for  second  language  28 
Letters  and  Correspondence — 

Form  and  address .  62 

From  Missionaries .  61 

“  Stations  Bi-Monthly ... .  60 
Board  to  be  read  by  all. .  58 

Medical  Expenses .  27 

Medical  Missionaries  — 

Application .  3 

Mission  Physicians .  27 

Medical  Attendance  and  Al¬ 
lowance  .  27 

Receipts  for  Work  on  Field...  29 

Testimonials  Required .  3 

Outfit .  10 

Return  of  outfit .  11 


Mission — 

Defined.. . 

V'ote  in. . . 

Powers  of 
To  hear  views  of  Missionaries 

as  to  location  and  work . 

To  appoint  Treasurer . 

To  appoint  Secretary . 

To  report  name  of  Secretary 

to  Board . 

To  appoint  Property  Com¬ 
mittee  . 

May  appoint  Executive 

Committee . 

Has  general  control  of  funds 
with  certain  restrictions,  47, 
To  review  report  from  Stations 
or  individuals  and  forward  to 

Board  . 

Power  to  transfer  appropri¬ 
ations  defined . 

To  make  estimates . 

To  fix  time  of  departure  on 

furlough . 

Appropriations  necessary,  41, 
Mission  Meetings— 

When  held . 

Minutes  to  be  kept  and  copy 

sent  to  Board . 42. 

Majority  vote  to  decide . 

Two-thirds  vote  required  on 

questions  of  finance . 

Who  to  attend . 

All  to  be  heard . 

Appeal  to  Board  from . 

Making  estimates . 

Making  estimates  in  cases  of 

partial  support . 

Mission  Treasurer — 

Election  of . 

Custodian  of  Property  and 

Funds . 

Duties  of . 

Accounts  of . 

Agent  of  Board  for  distribution 

of  funds . 

To  enforce  Rules . 65, 

L^nwarranted  advance  of  funds 

To  collect  Revenues . 

To  negotiate  Bills  of  Exchange 

as  necessities  require . 

To  acknowledge  remittances 
To  make  annual  report  to 

Board  . 

To  make  statements  of 

treasury  when  required . 

Duties  of  auditors . 

To  make  rules  for  Station 

Treasurers . 

To  report  in  certain  cases . 


39 

39 

40 

40 
63 
57 

57 

53 

41 
70 


59 

48 

44 

18 

50 


42 

57 

42 

42 

42 

40 

40 

44 

45 


63 

63 

63 

63 

64 
72 

64 

65 

66 
67 


67 

69 

68 

72 

45 


37 


To  report  transfer  of  appropri¬ 
ations  .  68 

Money  Orders— 

Not  by  drafts .  74 

New  Stations— 

flow  established .  56 

Official  Lttes  — 

Form  and  address .  62 

To  be  read  by  all .  58 

Duty  of  Secretaries .  57 

Outfit— 

Allowance .  9 

Equitable  return .  11 

Furniture  purchased  on,  be¬ 
longs  to  Board .  11 

Lists  of,  for  various  fields .  9 

Medical .  9 

Must  be  drawn  within  year  9 

No  second  outfit .  9 

Use  of .  9 

Outside  Work — 

Remuneration  for .  29 

Must  have  express  sanction  ..  29 

Passports .  13 

Pensions .  30 

Return  of  Missionaries  ad¬ 
vanced  in  years .  30 

Laymen .  32 

Ministerial  relief .  31 

Ministerial  relief  for  women- .  32 

Personal  teachers .  28 

Presbytery— 

Testimonials  from  applicants  .  2 

Establishment  of .  37 

Relation  of .  38 

Traveling  expenses .  38 

Property— 

Not  to  be  purchased  or  sold 
without  sanction  of  the 

Board .  52 

No  building  to  be  erected 

without  same  sanction .  52 

Not  to  be  mortgaged  or  as¬ 
signed  for  debt .  52 

To  be  in  name  of  Board  or  in 

trust  for  it .  52 

Deeds  of,  to  be  recorded .  52 

Copies  of  deeds,  and  diagrams 
of  land  and  buildings  to  be 
sent  to  Treasurer  of  the 

Board .  52 

Repairs  .  52 

Committee,  Powers  of,  &c .  53 

Not  in  use,  to  be  sold  or  rented  54 

Proceeds  to  be  reported  at 

once .  54 

Building  plans,  copies  to  be 
sent  to  Board .  53 


Paragraph. 


Purchasing  Orders— 

Lien  on  salary  .  73 

Form  may  be  required .  73 

Only  for  Mission  work  or 
Missionaries  personally .  73 

Printing  Presses — 

Rules  for  erection  and  car¬ 
rying  on  of .  55 

Special  regulations .  55 

Recall— 

Right  of  Board  to .  36 

Relief  Fund- 

Foe  Laymen  and  Women .  32 

For  Ordained  Missionaries  .  31 
No  Pensions .  30 

Reports— 

Mission .  59 

Station .  59 

Personal .  59 

Mission  Treasurers . 

. 45.  63,  65,  67,  69,  76 

Mission  Treasurer’s  Special. .  69 

Station  Treasurers . 48,  71 

Station  letters .  60 

General  letters .  61 

Of  emergency  drafts .  75 

Of  proceeds  of  sale  or  rental 

of  property .  54 

Of  transfer  of  appropriations..  48 

Annual  of  Board .  76 

Annual  of  Treasurer  of  Board.  76 

Return— 

From  field  direct .  20 

To  field  after  furlough .  20 

Freight,  baggage,  &c.,  on  ....  20 

On  arrival,  report  to  Mission 

House .  22 

On  arrival,  report  to  Home 
Address .  22 

Salaries— 

On  field .  14 

After  death  continuance .  14 

Unmarried  men .  14 

Begin .  15 

Payable  Monthly .  15 

Wife  in  U.  S .  14 

Widow  or  widower .  16 

Account  to  be  closed  at  end  of 

fiscal  year .  15 

Sanitarium,  travel  to .  26 

Self-Support — . 38,  44 

Special  Objects — 

Requests  for,  to  be  referred  to 

Board .  49 

Appeals  to  public  for,  not  de¬ 
sirable .  49 


38 


Paragraph . 


No  effort  to  be  made  to  secure 
funds  for  any  object  not  ap¬ 
proved  by  Board .  24 

Stations — 

Definition  of .  5(5 

Powers  of .  56 

To  appoint  Treasurer,  and  re¬ 
port  to  Board .  71 

To  appoint  Secretary,  and  re¬ 
port  to  Board .  57 

New,  how  established .  56 

Reports  of .  59 

Bi-Monthly  letter  from .  60 

Power  to  Transfer  Appropria¬ 
tions .  48 

To  Prepare  Estimates .  44 

To  Consult  Native  Church. ...  44 
Station  Secretary — 

To  be  chosen .  57 

Duties  of .  57 

Name  of,  to  be  reported  to 

Board .  57 

Station  Treasurer— 

To  be  appointed  annually .  71 

Name  of,  to  be  reported  to 

Board .  71 

Power  of .  71 

Rules  governing .  72 

Reports  of . . . 48,  71 

Terms  of  Service  and  Fur¬ 
loughs .  18 

Principles  of .  17 

Missions  named .  17 

Leave  of  absence .  17 

Furloughs .  18 


Pata^raph. 


Testimonials.— 

General .  1 

Ordained  Missionaries .  2 

Medical .  3 

Single  women,  including- phy¬ 
sicians .  4 

Wives  of  Missionaries .  5 

To  be  full,  private  and  confi¬ 
dential .  6 

Unordained  men  other  than 

medical .  3 

Transfer  of  Appropriations..  48 
Translations — 

To  be  undertaken  only  with 

consent  of  Mission .  43 

Of  Scriptures,  Rule  for .  43 


Treasurers— See  Mission,  and 


Station  Treasurers. 
Treasurer  Reports — 

Required  from  Mission  Treas¬ 
urer . 45,  48,  63, 

. 65,  67,  69,  76 

Required  from  Station  Treas¬ 
urer . 48,  71 

Required  from  Board  Treas¬ 
urer  .  76 

Unfinished  U'ork .  77 

Vacations  on  Field .  36 

Wives  of  Missionaries’  right 

to  vote .  39 

Work  at  Home— 

Traveling  expenses  of .  24 

Withdrawal  from  Service— 
Allowances  on . 31,  32 


1 

I 

Form  833 


39 


I 


-  -  V, 


■  ' 


Board  of  Foreign  Missions^^S 

■■•?  QP  the  : 


^  '  t  Presbyterian  Church 


IM4 


-  ■ 


in  the  U.  S.  A. 


k,  t  * 

1st 

i^-ej 


For  the  Use  of  Missionaries 
and  Missionary  Candidates 


Jt-v 

*  ■; 

*■ 


REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD,  AND 
OVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  AS 


PRESBYTERIAN  BUILDING 
NEW  YORK 

1912 


I 


Manual 


OF  THE 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions 

OF  THE 

Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A. 

For  the  Use  of  Missionaries 
and  Missionary  Candidates 


REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD,  AND 
APPROVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


PRESBYTERIAN  BUILDING 
NEW  YORK 

1912 


INTRODUCTION 


The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  appointed  by  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Assembly,  and  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  organizing 
and  superintending  the  work  of  disseminating  the  Gospel  in 
unevangelized  lands.  It  is  not  an  ecclesiastical  body.  An 
important  part  of  its  work  is  the  selecting  and  commissioning 
of  suitable  persons  to  labor  as  missionaries  in  the  foreign 
field.  For  such  persons,  as  well  as  for  the  Board  itself  and 
missionaries  already  under  commission,  the  following  pages 
are  intended. 

This  Manual  is  not  a  contract  and  the  Board  reserves  the 
right  to  modify  or  change  it  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board 
at  any  time  may  seem  wise. 

The  Manual  does  not  embrace  general  questions  of  mis¬ 
sionary  policy  and  administration.  These  are  treated  in 
other  publications  of  the  Board  and  at  the  annual  con¬ 
ferences  with  new  missionaries. 

Experience  has  shown  that  confusion  and  misunderstand¬ 
ing  may  arise  from  neglect  of  the  Manual  and  missionaries 
are  earnestly  advised  to  familiarize  themselves  with  it  thor¬ 
oughly,  and  to  keep  a  copy  of  it  at  hand  for  constant 
reference. 

The  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  work  are  entitled 
to  the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  affections  of  all 
who  engage  in  it.  Applicants  for  appointment  as  missionaries 
should  set  before  their  minds  the  authority,  glory  and  grace 
of  Christ  and  the  honor  of  His  name  in  the  salvation  of 
souls  as  their  great  aim.  They  should  offer  their  services  in 
the  work  of  spreading  the  Gospel,  under  a  sense  of  being 
divinely  called  to  it,  and  they  should  seek  their  reward  in 
our  blessed  Lord’s  approval.  For  His  sake  they  should  be 


3 


willing  to  make  sacrifices,  to  meet  with  hardships  and  to 
endure  privations.  For  His  sake  they  should  consent  to 
suffer  the  want  of  congenial  society  if  necessary,  and  be 
willing  to  accept  a  life  of  steady,  unnoticed  labor,  expecting 
to  continue  therein  until  death,  and  looking  for  rest  and 
reward  in  the  world  to  come.  In  these  and  similar  pur¬ 
poses,  endeavors  and  hopes,  they  and  all  the  friends  of 
missions  stand  together  in  mutual  sympathy.  And  it  must 
ever  be  deeply  felt  that  harmonious  and  pleasant  relations 
and  co-operation,  both  among  missionaries  themselves  and 
between  them  and  the  members  of  the  Board  and  its  ex¬ 
ecutive  officers,  depend  far  less  on  formal  rules  than  on  their 
common  experience  of  divine  grace — the  grace  which  in¬ 
spires  forbearance,  meekness  and  Christian  love.  It  is  not 
in  any  undervaluing  of  these  high  views,  therefore,  that 
this  Manual  is  restricted  chiefly  to  the  business  relations  of 
the  Board  and  the  missionaries. 


4 


MANUAL. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  MISSIONARIES. 

General  Requirements. 

1.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are  ex¬ 
pected  to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to  health, 
Christian  experience,  etc.,  provided  for  candidates,  and  to 
undergo  a  medical  examination  by  the  family  physician, 
and,  when  deemed  necessary,  by  a  physician  designated  by 
the  Board.  Also  in  a  letter  of  application  to  state  briefly: 
their  religious  history;  motives  for  desiring  to  engage  in 
the  work  of  foreign  missions;  choice  of  field,  if  any,  with 
reasons  for  the  same;  experience  in  active  Christian  service; 
whether  they  expect  to  go  married  or  single;  and  to  furnish 
any  other  information  which  the  Board  ought  to  have, 
bearing  upon  their  appointment. 

It  is  most  desirable  that  those  appointed  as  missionaries 
should  have  the  same  general  qualifications  which  make  a 
Christian  worker  useful  and  successful  at  home;  that  they 
should  have  been  approved  as  winners  of  souls,  and  that 
they  should  possess  deep  piety  of  life  and  spiritual  power. 
Names  should  be  furnished  of  those  who  can  speak  of  the 
candidate’s  qualifications  in  these  regards. 

The  Board  will  not  commission  men  with  children,  save 
in  exceptional  circumstances. 

Ordained  Missionaries. 

2.  In  addition  to  this,  those  seeking  appointment  as 
ordained  missionaries  will  be  required  to  furnish  testi¬ 
monials  from  their  college  and  seminary  professors,  or 
something  equivalent,  as  to  their  literary  and  theological 


5 


attainments;  also  recommendations  from  their  Presbyteries 
as  to  their  standing  and  qualifications  for  missionary  work. 
Without  such  recommendation  of  Presbytery,  no  ordained 
missionary  will  be  commissioned.  It  is  expected  that  such 
candidates  should  have  had  some  experience  in  personal 
evangelistic  effort. 

Medical  Missionaries. 

3.  Those  desiring  appointment  as  medical  missionaries 
(both  men  and  women),  in  addition  to  the  general  require¬ 
ments  and  qualifications  specified  in  §  1,  must  furnish  testi¬ 
monials,  especially  from  the  pastor  or  session  of  the  church 
to  which  they  belong,  as  to  their  Christian  character,  sound¬ 
ness  in  the  faith  and  adaptation  to  missionary  work;  also 
recommendations  from  competent  persons,  such  as  their 
teachers,  as  to  their  literary  qualifications,  and  from  their 
medical  professors  and  others  as  to  their  professional 
attainments. 

Unordained  men,  other  than  medical  missionaries,  apply¬ 
ing  for  appointment,  are  required  to  furnish  similar  testi¬ 
monials,  except  the  certificate  of  professional  qualifications; 
especially  letters  bearing  upon  their  qualifications  for  the 
form  of  missionary  work  proposed. 

Single  Women. 

4.  Single  women,  including  physicians,  ought  in  all 
ordinary  cases  to  make  their  application  for  appointment 
through  the  Women’s  Society  or  Board  within  whose  terri¬ 
tory  they  reside.  Such  applicants  are  expected  to  furnish 
the  information  required  in  §  1,  and  recommendations  as  to 
their  literary  qualifications,  Christian  character,  soundness 
in  the  faith,  practical  experience  in  Christian  work,  aptness 
to  teach  the  Bible,  and  adaptation  to  the  form  of  missionary 
work  contemplated. 

Single  women  who  are  candidates  for  appointment  as 
missionaries  are  informed  that  it  is  earnestly  recommended: 

1.  That  they  will  not  marry  within  the  circle  of  the 


6 


Board’s  Missions  in  less  than  three  years  from  the  date  of 
their  arrival  on  the  field;  and  that  they  will  not  marry 
outside  the  Board’s  Missions  in  less  than  five  years  from 
said  date. 

2.  That  single  women  who  are  appointed  as  medical 
missionaries  will  not  marry,  either  within  or  outside  the 
Board’s  Missions,  in  less  than  five  years  from  the  date  of 
their  arrival  on  the  field. 

The  Wives  of  Missionaries. 

5.  The  wives  of  missionaries  are  regarded  as  associate 
missionaries,  uniting  with  their  husbands  in  desire  and  effort 
to  give  the  Gospel  to  the  unevangelized.  It  is  expected  that, 
so  far  as  is  consistent  with  their  strength  and  household 
duties,  they  will  learn  the  language  and  take  part  in  mis¬ 
sionary  work.  Wives  of  men  seeking  appointment,  or 
women  expecting  to  become  wives  of  missionaries,  are  ex¬ 
pected  in  a  personal  letter  to  give  some  account  of  their 
religious  experience  and  their  interest  in  the  cause  of  foreign 
missions;  also  to  furnish  satisfactory  testimonials  as  to 
their  Christian  character  (usually  from  the  pastor  or  session 
of  the  church  with  which  they  are  connected),  their  experi¬ 
ence  in  Christian  work,  and  the  educational  advantages  they 
have  enjoyed;  also  to  answer  the  series  of  personal  questions 
and  to  undergo  the  medical  examination  provided  for  in  §  1. 

Testimonials. 

6.  Justice  and  kindness  alike  require  that  in  all  cases 
testimonials  be  full,  discriminating  and  impartial.  They 
should  be  sent  directly  to  the  Board  by  those  writing  them, 
and  if  desired  will  be  regarded  as  private  and  confidential. 

Interview  with  Officers. 

7.  It  is  required  that  applicants  for  appointment  shall 
personally  meet  one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries  whenever 
possible,  so  that  in  addition  to  the  statements  and  testi¬ 
monials  furnished  there  may  be  the  advantage  of  a  personal 


7 


interview.  It  is  believed  that  this  will  furnish  an  additional 
bond  of  sympathy  and  mutual  interest.  In  the  case  of 
single  women  it  is  required  that  they  shall  meet  some  of 
the  officers  of  the  Women’s  Society  or  Board  to  which  they 
naturally  belong,  and,  whenever  possible,  one  or  more  of  the 
Secretaries. 

A  conference  for  new  missionaries  is  held  annually  at  the 
rooms  of  the  Board,  and  unless  specially  excused  all  new 
missionaries  under  appointment  are  expected  to  be  present. 

Designation  of  Field. 

8.  Designation  of  field  is  frequently  made  at  a  time  subse¬ 
quent  to  the  time  of  appointment.  In  making  this  designa¬ 
tion  the  preference  of  the  candidate  is  always  considered. 
So  far  as  practicable  care  is  taken  to  assign  persons  to  the 
field  for  which  they  seem  to  be  best  fitted,  and  where  they 
will  be  likely  to  accomplish  most  in  the  service  of  Christ. 
Assignment  is  usually  to  a  Mission,  but  may  be  to  a  Station 
or  to  a  specific  work.  New  missionaries  are  expected  to 
comply  with  all  the  regulations  of  the  Mission  and  Station 
to  which  they  may  be  assigned. 

Outfit. 

9.  Wherever  possible,  without  a  severe  tax  on  the  families 
of  outgoing  missionaries,  it  is  desirable  that  the  outfit  be 
provided  without  drawing  on  the  Board’s  treasury.  Where 
this  cannot  be  done,  the  following  grants  are  made,  in  whole 
or  in  part,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  missionaries 


under  appointment: 

To  an  unmarried  missionary .  $200. 

To  a  man  and  his  wife .  $400. 


except  where  by  vote  of  the  Mission  and  approval  of  the 
Board,  smaller  grants  may  be  agreed  upon,  as  in  the  case  of 
Africa  and  Mexico,  where  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  Board 
provides  the  heavy  household  furniture,  the  grants  are  one- 
half  the  above  amounts. 


8 


The  outfit  allowance  is  to  be  used  only  for  those  items 
which  will  help  to  properly  equip  the  missionary  and  estab¬ 
lish  him  in  his  Station,  and  is  payable  within  three  months 
of  the  time  of  departure  to  the  field,  and  not  after  the  end 
of  the  fiscal  year,  unless  otherwise  specially  arranged. 

Outfit  lists,  indicating  articles  most  needed  on  the  field, 
have  been  prepared  by  the  several  Missions,  copies  of  which 
will  be  sent  to  the  persons  appointed  when  assignment  is 
made  to  the  particular  field.  Experience .  has  proved  that 
it  is  not  wise  to  expend  the  entire  amount  granted  by  the 
Board  for  outfit  in  this  country  or  before  reaching  the  field. 
The  testimony  of  missionaries  is  unanimously  in  favor  of 
retaining  at  least  half  of  it  until  after  reaching  destination. 

As  a  rule  no  second  outfit  is  allowed. 

Medical  Outfit. 

10.  There  will  be  provided  for  a  medical  missionary, 
whenever  necessary,  an  allowance  not  to  exceed  $150,  for 
surgical  outfit.  This  allowance  is  not  made  to  medical  mis¬ 
sionaries  appointed  to  established  hospitals.  They  will  be 
granted  only  a  sufficient  sum  to  provide  a  hand  medical 
case.  On  withdrawal  of  missionary  physicians  from  con¬ 
nection  with  the  Board,  all  such  outfits  shall  be  reported  to 
the  Board  and  turned  over  to  the  Station  Treasurers  to  be 
held  subject  to  the  Board’s  instructions. 

On  the  removal  of  a  medical  missionary  from  one  Station 
to  another  the  medical  outfit  shall  remain  for  the  successor, 
unless  the  medical  work  is  to  be  closed  or  unless  there  is 
no  outfit  at  the  Station  to  which  removal  is  made. 

Return  of  Outfit. 

11.  Should  a  missionary  retire  from  the  field  after  a 
service  of  three  years  or  less,  for  any  other  cause  than  that 
of  failure  of  health,  it  is  expected  that  an  equitable  return 
of  the  outfit  allowance  will  be  made  to  the  Board,  due 
regard  being  had  to  the  expenses  incurred  and  services 


9 


rendered.  All  furniture  purchased  with  the  outfit  allowance 
will  be  regarded  as  the  property  of  the  Board. 

New  missionaries  shall  on  their  arrival  on  the  field,  or  as 
soon  thereafter  as  possible,  render  to  the  Mission  Treasurer, 
or  if  there  be  a  Station  Treasurer,  then  through  him  to  the 
Mission  Treasurer,  a  list  of  outfit  purchases  made  by  them 
with  the  outfit  allowances  provided  by  the  Board,  together 
with  the  prices  paid.  This  list  to  be  itemized,  save  that 
clothing,  including  underclothing,  hose,  shoes,  dresses,  etc., 
can  be  classed  in  one  item  as  personal  clothing. 

Medical  Missionaries  shall  as  soon  as  possible  after  arriv¬ 
ing  on  the  field  in  a  similar  manner  file  an  inventory  of 
purchases  made  with  the  medical  outfit  allowance,  and  also 
keep  a  list  available  of  purchases  of  instruments  and  hospital 
furnishings  made  from  the  earnings  of  the  hospitals  under 
their  charge. 

The  Journey. 

12.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from  the 
home  of  the  missionary  to  his  Station,  or  vice  versa,  by  a 
direct  route.  If  any  missionary  wishes  to  deviate  from  this 
route  and  there  be  no  valid  reason  to  the  contrary  he  shall 
receive  a  sum  equal  to  the  expense  of  the  direct  journey  as 
estimated  by  the  Board  at  the  time.  The  expense  is  based  upon 
the  shortest  and  least  expensive  route,  and  is  not  intended  to 
include  items  of  emergency  beyond  those  incident  to  delays 
from  disarranged  service.  In  case  of  deviation  from  the 
direct  route  or  delays,  the  additional  expense  of  which  is 
assumed  b^"  the  missionary,  the  time  thus  consumed  will  be 
taken  into  consideration  in  fixing  the  date  at  which  home 
allowance  shall  begin  or  end. 

The  Board  pays  freight  and  customs  duties  to  Missions 
outside  of  the  United  States  within  reasonable  limits  and 
not  on  more  than  is  included  in  the  regular  freight  and 
baggage  allowance.  The  freight  allowance  for  new  mis¬ 
sionaries  is  two  measured  tons  for  a  single  missionary,  and 


10 


four  tons  for  a  married  missionary,  except  as  may  be  de¬ 
termined  by  special  action  of  the  Board.  The  freight  allow¬ 
ance  for  Africa  and  Mexico,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the 
heavy  household  furniture  is  provided  on  the  field  by  the 
Board,  is  one-half  the  usual  amount,  namely,  one  cubic  ton 
for  each  missionary.  One  cubic  or  measured  ton  is  equal 
to  40  cubic  feet. 

Each  missionary  is  allowed  100  pounds  of  baggage  in 
excess  of  the  amount  carried  free  by  the  railroads,  from 
his  home  to  the  place  of  embarkation.  The  usual  allowance 
by  Steamship  Companies  is  20  cubic  feet,  or  about  175  pounds. 
The  allowance  varies  from  40  cubic  feet  in  Oriental  lines,  to 
350  pounds,  in  Trans-Pacific  Steamships.  On  these  points 
specific  instructions  will  be  furnished  after  designation  of 
field.  A  Travel  Manual  is  provided,  containing  further  in¬ 
structions  as  to  details  of  journey. 

Passports. 

13.  Passports  are  not  absolutely  necessary  for  all  coun¬ 
tries.  As  exigencies  may  arise  in  any  foreign  country, 
however,  when  a  passport  would  be  of  service,  all  mission¬ 
aries  are  instructed  to  procure  them.  A  blank  for  this 
purpose  will  be  forwarded  to  persons  under  appointment 
when  their  field  is  designated. 

MISSIONARIES  AND  THEIR  WORK. 

Salary. 

14.  The  salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  coun¬ 
tries,  according  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  de¬ 
termined  by  the  Board  after  correspondence  with  the 
Missions.  The  general  idea  on  which  they  are  fixed  is  that 
of  giving  a  comfortable  support  to  the  missionaries  while 
they  continue  under  commission  of  the  Board  on  the  Mission 
field.  Usually  a  house  is  provided  or  house  rent  paid,  a 
salary  to  a  married  man,  with  an  allowance  for  each  child 
under  twenty  years  of  age,  one-half  of  the  salary  of  a  mar¬ 
ried  man  to  one  unmarried  (with  exceptions  in  some  Mis- 


11 


sions  where  the  necessities  of  a  comfortable  support  require 
more),  and  to  a  single  woman  one-half  of  the  salary  of  a 
married  missionary.  To  a  missionary  remaining  at  his  post 
while  his  wife  returns  to  this  country,  the  salary  of  an  un¬ 
married  missionary  is  allowed. 

In  case  of  a  married  missionary  or  child  the  full  salary  or 
allowance  shall  be  continued  to  the  end  of  the  month,  but 
in  the  case  of  an  unmarried  missionary,  either  man  or 
woman,  the  salary  shall  cease  with  death. 

15.  The  salary  begins  as  a  rule  on  the  arrival  of  mission¬ 
aries  at  their  Stations,  and  ends  when  they  leave  their 
Stations  on  their  return  to  this  country,  or  on  the  termina¬ 
tion  of  their  connection  with  the  Board.  Salaries  shall  be 
paid  to  the  missionaries  at  the  end  of  each  month,  so  far  as 
practicable,  and  all  such  accounts  must  be  closed  at  the  end 
of  the  fiscal  year,  March  31st. 

16.  In  the  case  of  a  missionary  left  a  widower  with 
children  and  keeping  house,  and  of  a  widow  similarly 
situated,  the  salary  shall  be  specially  arranged  in  view  of 
all  the  circumstances. 

Term  of  Service  and  Furloughs. 

17.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  service 
for  life,  if  the  Lord  will.  Occasional  furloughs,  however, 
are  in  complete  accord  with  such  service.  The  change 
afforded  tends  to  preserve  or  restore  the  health  and  energies 
of  the  missionaries,  and  their  presence  in  the  churches  at 
home  increases  interest  in  mission  work. 

A  few  familiar  and  well-established  principles  should  be 
kept  in  mind: 

First — Missionaries  live  and  work  amid  conditions  which 
are  not  only  trying  to  health,  but  which  involve  peculiar 
nervous  strain.  It  is  therefore  not  only  desirable,  but 
necessary,  that  they  should  have  occasional  furloughs  in  the 
United  States  for  purposes  of  physical  recuperation,  mental 
change  and  spiritual  reinvigoration. 

Second — The  frequency  with  which  furloughs  should  be 


12 


taken  varies  with  the  degree  of  isolation,  the  healthfulness 
of  the  climate  and  the  vigor  of  the  missionary,  there  being 
wide  differences  in  these  respects  which  make  any  rigid  and 
uniform  term  of  doubtful  expediency. 

Third — While  the  Board  can  establish  the  approximate 
term  of  service  for  the  country,  there  is  force  in  the  sug¬ 
gestion  which  has  come  from  the  field,  that  the  Mission 
itself  can  best  determine  the  precise  limits  for  the  individual 
missionary,  as  it  is  more  conversant  with  the  physical  con¬ 
dition  of  the  individual  and  with  the  work  which  will  be 
affected  by  his  departure. 

Fourth — The  vastness  of  the  field  and  the  comparatively 
small  number  of  laborers,  the  urgent  importance  of  every 
available  missionary  being  at  his  post,  the  serious  inter¬ 
ference  with  the  work  which  furloughs  necessitate  and  the 
additional  burdens  which  they  lay  upon  already  overworked 
colleagues  as  well  as  their  costliness,  and  the  criticism, 
however  unwarranted,  which  they  frequently  cause  in  this 
country,  render  it  desirable  that  the  furloughs  should  be 
limited  to  the  reasonable  necessities  of  each  case.  It  is 
believed  that  increased  facilities  for  intercommunication, 
and  the  extension  of  the  conveniences  of  civilization,  make 
the  lot  of  the  missionary  more  tolerable  than  it  was  a 
generation  ago,  and  that  in  these  circumstances  it  is  not 
unreasonable  to  expect  that  the  tendency  should  be  toward 
a  lengthened  rather  than  toward  a  shortened  term  of  service, 
and  a  shortened  rather  than  a  lengthened  furlough. 

A  missionary  is  not  to  assume  that  he  is  to  take  a  fur¬ 
lough  at  the  expiration  of  the  minimum  term  of  service  for 
his  Mission,  irrespective  of  his  physical  condition  and  the  needs 
of  the  work,  but  if  he  completes  that  term  of  service  in  the 
possession  of  good  health  he  is  to  remain  for  a  longer 
period,  the  Mission  determining  the  question  as  to  whether 
he  shall  return  to  the  United  States  and  at  what  time,  the 
rule  and  expectation  being  that  the  term  of  ofifice  shall 
approximate  a  longer  period.  Inasmuch  as  the  Board 


13 


makes  exceptions  in  the  case  of  missionaries  whose  health 
requires  it,  it  is  felt  that  no  hardship  is  involved  in  thus 
lengthening  the  general  term.^  The  hope  is  also  expressed 
that  special  care  will  be  taken  to  comply  with  the  provisions 
of  Paragraph  18  of  the  Manual,  and  that  when  risks  of 
climate  interfere  with  the  return  at  the  exact  termination  of 
the  term  of  years  determined  upon  in  accordance  with  the 
above  principles,  there  will  be  thoughtful  consideration 
whether  the  requisite  relief  can  not  be  obtained  by  shorten¬ 
ing  rather  than  lengthening  the  furlough. 

In  cases  where  a  missionary  shall  have  been  on  the  field 
longer  than  the  usual  term,  and  his  wife  for  a  period 
shorter  than  the  term,  or  vice  versa,  it  shall  be  allowable  to 
fix  the  minimum  term  of  service  at  a  medium  or  average 
point  for  the  two. 

The  minimum  terms  of  service  and  furloughs  for  the  dif¬ 
ferent  missions  are  at  present,  but  subject  to  change: 

T erm — T en  years. 

Mexico: 

Furlough — One  year  with  full  travel  expenses,  or  an  eight 
months’  furlough  after  eight  years  with  full  travel  expenses, 
or  a  six  months’  furlough  at  the  end  of  five  years  with 
travel  expenses  paid  one  way. 

Term — Nine  years. 

Guatemala,  Colombia  (except  Barranquilla  and  Bogota), 
Chile,  South  Brazil: 

Furlough — One  year  with  full  travel  expenses,  or  six 
months  at  the  end  of  five  years  with  travel  expenses  paid 
one  way. 

Term — Eight  years. 

Central  China,  East  and  West  Persia,  Hunan,  Japan, 
Kiang  an,  Korea,  North  China,  Syria,  Shantung: 

Furlough — One  year  with  full  travel  expenses. 


14 


Punjab,  North  India,  Western  India: 

Furlough — One  year  or  six  months  after  five  and  one-half 
years’  service;  travel  to  be  paid  both  ways. 

Central  Brazil: 

Furlough — Twelve  months.  Missionaries  may  take, 
however,  ten  months’  furlough  at  end  of  seven  years; 
eight  months  at  end  of  six  years;  or  may  take  six  months’ 
furlough  so  arranged  that  the  preceding  service  period,  the 
travel  periods  and  the  furlough  make  up  five  years.  Travel¬ 
ling  expenses  both  ways,  in  each  case  to  be  met  by  the 
Board. 

Term — Seven  years. 

South  China: 

Furlough — One  year  after  a  service  of  not  less  than  seven 
years  with  travel  expenses  both  ways,  or  five  months  in  the 
United  States  after  a  term  of  not  less  than  four  years,  the 
Board  to  pay  travel  expenses  one  way. 

T erm — Six  years. 

Philippines: 

Furlough — Option  of  one  year’s  furlough  in  addition 
to  time  of  travel  with  expenses  paid  both  ways.  Or 
seven  months,  including  time  of  travel  after  three  years 
with  expenses  paid  one  way;  with  the  further  option  of  a 
furlough  at  the  end  of  the  fourth  or  fifth  year,  the  duration 
of  the  furlough  and  the  expense  defrayed  by  the  Board  to 
be  allowed  proportionately  to  the  full  term  of  furlough. 
Hainan,  Siam  and  Laos,  Barranquilla  (Station  of  Colombia 
Mission) : 

Furlough — Option  of  one  year’s  furlough  with  expenses 
paid  both  ways.  Or  six  months,  after  three  years  with 
expenses  paid  one  way. 

Bogota  (Station  of  Colombia  Mission) : 

Furlough — Seven  months  in  the  United  States  with  travel 
expenses  paid  both  ways. 


15 


T erm — T hree  years. 


West  Africa: 

Furlough — One  year  including  time  of  travel;  expenses 
paid  both  w^ays. 

18a.  Furloughs,  unless  otherwise  specified,  are  in  addition 
to  the  time  required  for  a  direct  journey  to  and  from  the 
field.  As  furloughs  will  be  extended  by  the  Board  only  for 
imperative  reasons,  great  care  ought  to  be  taken  in  fixing 
the  time  of  departure  from  the  field,  so  that  risks  of  climate 
may  not  interfere  with  the  return  at  the  expiration  of  the 
year.  The  approximate  date  of  departure  from  the  field 
should  be  fixed  at  regular  meeting  by  the  Mission  and  re¬ 
ported  to  the  Board.  If  it  cannot  be  fixed  at  a  regular 
meeting,  it  should  be  arranged  by  circular  letter  or  by  the 
Executive  Committee.  (See  Par.  41.) 

18b.  The  Board  would  impress  upon  the  Missions  the  im¬ 
portance  of  their  inserting  provision  for  anticipated  fur¬ 
loughs  in  their  annual  estimates.  As  special  appropriations 
cannot  be  made  except  in  cases  of  health  emergency,  a 
failure  to  incorporate  travelling  expenses  in  the  estimates 
will  ordinarily  be  considered  an  adequate  reason  for  de¬ 
ferring  a  furlough  till  the  following  year. 

18c.  Any  other  leave  of  absence  than  the  furlough  thus  pro¬ 
vided  for  will  be  by  vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation 
of  the  Mission,  except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health 
does  not  admit  of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of  the 
Mission  will  be  deemed  sufficient;  the  action  to  be  promptly 
reported  to  the  Board  with  medical  certificate.  The  Board 
has  adopted  and  furnished  the  Missions  with  a  form  of 
certificate  for  this  purpose,  and  the  reception  and  approval 
of  these  certificates,  together  with  the  judgment  of  the 
Mission  thereon,  must  precede  the  settlement  of  the  travel¬ 
ling  account  of  a  missionary  returning  to  the  United  States, 
when  no  provision  has  been  made  for  such  return  in  the 
annual  appropriations.  This  medical  certificate  must  be 
signed  by  the  Board’s  medical  missionary  at  the  station, 


16 


where  there  is  one.  Where  a  consultation  of  the  medical 
missionaries  of  a  mission  is  practicable,  it  shall  be  only  on 
the  recommendation  of  such  a  consultation  that  missionaries 
shall  be  ordered  home  on  account  of  ill  health. 

18d.  The  Board  cannot  assume  the  responsibility  of  bringing 
missionary  families  home  to  the  United  States  on  account 
of  the  health  of  children.  Its  responsibilities  in  the  matter 
of  travelling  expenses  are  defined  in  the  Manual.  It  provides 
for  the  regular  furlough  of  missionaries,  Manual,  Para¬ 
graphs  17-18,  for  their  return  on  account  of  their  own 
health  when  required.  Paragraph  18,  and  when  they  with¬ 
draw  from  the  work,  Paragraph  31.  It  provides  for  the 
travelling  expenses  of  children  to  and  from  the  field,  as 
specified  in  Paragraph  34.  Beyond  this  the  Board  feels  that 
it  is  not  proper  to  go  to  the  use  of  Mission  funds  in  pro¬ 
viding  furloughs  and  travelling  expenses  on  account  of 
health,  or  in  the  cases  of  children. 

The  Board  will  interpret  and  apply  these  principles  in  a 
just  and  reasonable  way. 

18e.  The  following  special  rules  for  particular  Missions 
shall  apply  to  the  Missions  designated: 

In  the  case  of  Persia,  Central  China,  Japan,  Korea,  and 
Hainan  Missions,  when  the  missionaries  are  able  to  leave 
their  stations  in  July,  and  leave  the  United  States  for  return 
to  the  field  in  August,  they  shall  be  allowed  to  leave  in 
the  July  preceding  the  fall  in  which  their  term  of  service 
would  expire  in  accordance  with  the  preceding  principles 
as  to  the  minimum  number  of  years  and  the  required  judg¬ 
ment  of  the  Mission.  When  they  must  leave  the  field 
earlier  than  July,  they  shall  be  allowed  to  do  so  as  late  as 
is  prudent  in  the  spring  or  summer  succeeding  the  fall  in 
which  their  term  of  service  would  expire,  in  accordance 
with  the  preceding  principles  as  to  the  minimum  number  of 
years  and  the  required  judgment  of  the  Mission,  and  the 
length  of  the  furlough  in  such  cases  shall  be  extended  so  as 
to  enable  them  to  do  this  and  return  in  the  proper  season 
of  the  year  at  the  expiration  of  the  furlough,  the  furlough 

17 


in  such  cases,  however,  not  to  exceed  at  the  most  fifteen 
months. 

For  the  three  India  Missions,  the  time  for  leaving  the 
field  on  regular  furlough  shall  be  about  the  first  of  April 
following  the  completion  of  the  full  term  of  service  (as 
determined  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing  principles), 
and  the  time  for  leaving  the  United  States  in  returning  to 
India  after  the  furlough  shall  be  about  the  middle  of  Sep¬ 
tember  of  the  following  year,  the  date  of  departure  from 
the  field  to  be  fixed  by  the  Mission  in  accordance  with 
Paragraph  18  of  the  Manual. 

18f.  On  short  term  furloughs  when  expenses  are  paid  by  the 
Board  only  one  way,  the  home  allowance  is  continued  dur¬ 
ing  the  way  the  expenses  are  not  paid  by  the  Board. 

Place  of  Furlough. 

19.  As  furloughs,  while  primarily  contemplating  the 
health  of  the  missionary,  have  reference  also  to  the  ad¬ 
vantage  of  the  mission  cause  in  the  Church  at  home,  it  is 
desirable  that  they  be  spent  in  the  United  States.  Any 
missionary  wishing  to  spend  part  of  the  furlough  in  foreign 
countries  is  expected  to  correspond  with  the  Board  with 
reference  to  the  time  to  be  so  spent  and  the  date  at  which 
the  home  allowance  shall  begin.  (See  Paragraphs  18,  23.) 

As  the  Board  pays  the  travel  expense  to  the  home  of  the 
missionary  it  is  necessary  that  the  domicile  be  stated  when 
rendering  the  travel  account  and  that  the  journey  thereto 
be  according  to  the  provision  of  Paragraph  12. 

If  the  missionary  has  no  settled  home  in  the  United 
States,  then  the  domicile  shall  be  considered  that  place  at 
which  he  spends  the  greater  part  of  his  furlough,  and  not 
the  farthest  point  to  which  he  may  travel  in  making  visits 
among  relatives,  friends  or  churches. 

Travelling  on  Furlough. 

20.  When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted,  the  Board 
defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct  route 


IS 


from  his  station  to  the  home  of  the  missionary  in  this 
country.  The  alternative  proposition  of  §  12,  regarding 
journey  to  the  field,  is  available  for  the  home  journey  as 
well.  (See  §  §  18,  19,  23.)  One  measured  ton  of  freight, 
without  customs  duties  is  allowed  each  adult  and  one-half 
ton  for  each  child,  and  100  pounds  of  excess  baggage  on 
railroad  lines. 

In  returning  to  the  field  after  furlough  the  same  rules 
apply  as  in  coming  to  this  country. 

21.  Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made 
on  the  most  economical  basis  consistent  with  comfort  and 
safety,  and  wherever  possible  by  the  Mission  Treasurer 
through  accredited  agents  of  the  Board.  Missionaries  should 
obtain  from  the  Mission  Treasurer  copies  of  the  Travel 
Manual  with  full  detailed  instructions. 

22.  Missionaries  in  returning  home  should  bring  a  state¬ 
ment  of  accounts  from  the  Mission  Treasurer  or  Station 
Treasurer,  such  statement  to  cover  the  salary  account  and 
other  accounts,  and  funds  furnished  for  travelling  expenses. 
As  soon  as  possible  after  arriving  in  New  York  they  should 
report  at  the  Mission  House.  Should  they  arrive  at  any 
other  port,  they  should  at  once  send  to  the  Treasurer  a 
full  statement  of  travelling  expenses;  also  home  address. 

Home  Allowance. 

23.  The  allowance  while  at  home  shall  be  $1,200  per 
annum  to  a  husband  and  wife,  and  $600  to  an  unmarried 
man,  to  an  unmarried  woman,  and  to  a  wife  whose  husband 
remains  on  the  field.  These  sums  may  be  supplemented  in 
cases  of  special  need.  Missionaries  may,  at  their  discretion, 
draw  one  month’s  home  allowance  from  the  Mission  Treas¬ 
urer  prior  to  leaving  the  field,  or  from  the  Treasurer  in 
New  York  upon  arriving  in  the  United  States. 

The  home  allowance  begins  when  the  payment  of  travel¬ 
ling  expenses  from  the  field  ceases,  and  ends  when  the 
payment  of  travelling  expenses  to  the  field  begins;  or 
whenever  the  alternative  offered  in  the  second  sentence  of 


19 


Paragraph  12  is  accepted,  the  home  allowance  shall  begin 
at  the  time  the  missionary  would  have  reached  his  home 
in  this  country  by  a  direct  route.  And  the  same  principle 
shall  be  applied  when  the  journey  is  toward  the  field. 

The  home  allowance  of  widows  and  widowers  with  chil¬ 
dren  shall  be  presumptively  that  of  unmarried  missionaries, 
with  the  understanding  that  these  amounts  may  be  supple¬ 
mented  if  this  is  found  to  be  necessary. 

Home  allowance  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  for 
one  year,  except  as  serious  physical  disability,  certified  to 
by  a  competent  physician,  may  call  for  a  longer  period,  or 
in  case  of  missionaries  connected  with  Missions  where  the 
Board  has  provided  a  longer  period  of  furlough  as  in 
Paragraph  18. 

Work  at  Home. 

24.  It  is  expected  that  missionaries  while  in  the  United 
States  will  avail  themselves  of  all  reasonable  opportunities 
to  arouse  the  zeal  and  interest  of  individuals  and  organiza¬ 
tions  in  the  mission  work.  The  interests  of  the  work  as  a 
whole,  however,  require  that  no  effort  should  be  made  to 
secure  funds  for  any  object  not  approved  by  the  Board. 
(See  §  48.) 

The  Board  defrays  the  travelling  expenses  of  missionaries 
visiting  ecclesiastical  bodies  or  churches  in  this  country  at 
its  request,  when  the  expenses  are  not  otherwise  paid. 

Extension  of  Furlough. 

25.  For  satisfactory  reasons  the  furlough  may  be  ex¬ 
tended,  but  at  the  end  of  the  time  agreed  upon,  if  the  con¬ 
sent  of  the  Board  is  not  given,  payment  of  salary  and  other 
expenses  will  be  discontinued,  and  at  the  end  of  the  second 
year  the  connection  of  the  missionary  with  the  Board  will 
be  terminated,  unless  in  special  cases.  (See  §  18.) 

Vacations  on  the  Field. 

26.  Such  brief  vacations  on  the  field  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  best  interests  of  the  mission  force  are  to  be  de- 


20 


termined  both  as  to  time  and  length  by  the  Missions,  on  the 
basis  of  plans  submitted  by  the  Missions  and  approved  by 
the  Board. 

The  Board  provides  sanitariums  in  some  Missions  where 
climatic  and  other  conditions  render  them  necessary  to 
health,  but  it  deems  it  inexpedient  to  pay  travelling  expenses 
to  or  from  such  sanitariums  save  in  cases  of  special  urgency, 
to  be  determined  after  correspondence  with  the  Board 
touching  the  merits  of  each  case. 

Medical  Expenses. 

27.  At  Stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring 
under  commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  regarded  as  the 
physicians  of  the  missionary  families  connected  with  the 
Board,  to  render  service  to  them  without  charge,  and  the 
Board  does  not  engage  to  be  responsible  for  expense  in¬ 
curred  in  seeking  medical  aid  elsewhere.  Where  there  is  no 
medical  missionary  or  other  physician,  the  Board  will  be 
responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  reaching  or  obtaining 
the  nearest  competent  physician  or  surgeon.  At  Stations 
where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  of  the  Board  an 
allowance  for  medical  attendance  will  be  made,  the  amount 
to  be  included  in  the  estimates  as  a  Station  appropriation. 
When  in  exceptional  cases  this  amount  is  necessarilj'  ex¬ 
ceeded  an  application  in  regular  form  for  special  appropria¬ 
tion  may  be  made  to  the  Board.  No  medical  allowance  can 
be  made  for  missionaries  on  furlough  in  the  United  States, 
except  in  circumstances  of  extraordinary  necessity. 

Knowledge  of  the  Vernacular. 

28.  The  ability  to  read,  but  especially  to  speak,  the 
native  language,  is  an  indispensable  qualification  for  mis¬ 
sionary  service.  To  aid  in  securing  this  each  Mission  is 
required,  through  competent  committees,  to  examine  all  new 
missionaries  at  the  close  of  the  first  and  second  years  of 
service,  and  at  such  other  times  as  the  Mission  may  deem 


21 


wise,  as  to  their  knowledge  of  the  native  tongue,  and  to 
report  the  result  to  the  Board.  (See  §  §  36,  39.)  As  a  rule 
those  who,  after  fair  trial,  are  unable  to  master  the 
language  of  the  people  among  whom  they  labor,  will  not 
be  continued  in  commission. 

Personal  teachers  will  be  provided  for  all  missionaries  for 
a  period  not  exceeding  three  years,  with  the  understanding — 

1.  That  if  the  requisite  examinations  are  passed  before 
this,  and  a  teacher  is  not  needed,  his  employment  ceases. 

2.  That  as  a  rule,  and  save  with  Mission  approval  for  the 
exception,  one  teacher  shall  suffice  for  a  man  and  wife. 
That  in  Missions  where  a  subsequent  or  “high  efficiency” 
examination  is  provided,  teachers  shall  be  supplied  for  those 
who  undertake  this. 

3.  In  other  Missions,  where  it  is  deemed  advisable  by  the 
Mission  that  language  study  should  continue  beyond  the 
three  years  above  provided  for,  personal  teachers  shall  be 
supplied,  one  for  each  two  missionaries  pursuing  such 
studies,  where  combination  is  possible. 

4.  In  no  case  shall  personal  teachers  be  provided  for 
more  than  five  years,  without  special  authority  from  the 
Board. 

5.  Writers  or  copyists  may  be  provided  for  missionaries 
employed  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission  in  literary 
work,  where  such  are  needed. 

In  Missions  where  it  is  necessary  to  learn  a  second 
language  the  above  rules  shall  apply  afresh  in  the  case  of 
the  second  language  and  the  employment  of  a  teacher 
therefor. 

Remuneration  for  Outside  Work. 

29.  The  missionary  while  in  connection  with  the  Board 
will  give  his  time  and  strength  to  the  work  of  foreign 
missions  under  the  general  direction  of  the  Mission,  and  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Manual.  If,  with  the 
express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  he  shall 


22 


temporarily  undertake  work  not  under  the  care  of  the 
Board,  any  sum  of  money  paid  for  such  work  shall  be 
turned  into  the  treasury  of  the  Mission  and  reported  to  the 
Board,  except  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission  and  the 
explicit  consent  of  the  Board  to  the  contrary.  Where  the 
regular  work  is  a  source  of  revenue,  such  as  medical  fees, 
etc.,  the  amount  received  shall  be  similarly  reported.  (See 
§  45.) 

Pensions. 

30.  No  pensions  are  allowed  under  any  circumstances; 
but  if  missionaries  when  aged  and  infirm  remain  in  the  field 
with  the  approval  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  their 
salaries  shall  be  continued  because  of  such  service  as  they 
may  be  able  to  render  and  the  good  influence  of  their  Chris¬ 
tian  example,  counsels  and  prayers.  All  other  cases  naturally 
fall  within  the  scope  of  the  Board  of  Ministerial  Relief. 
(See  §  §  31,  32.) 

Withdrawals  from  Service. 

31.  In  the  event  of  withdrawal  from  missionary  service 
for  reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  it  will  defray 
the  expenses  of  the  journey  to  this  country,  provided  said 
journey  be  made  within  a  year  from  the  date  of  withdrawal, 
and  may  make  a  grant  of  funds  to  meet  present  exigencies 
in  cases  of  special  need.  If  further  assistance  is  required 
after  his  return  and  his  ceasing  to  be  connected  with  the 
Board,  the  case  of  the  ordained  missionary  and  his  family 
falls  within  the  province  of  the  Ministerial  Relief  Fund  of 
the  General  Assembly  in  common  with  the  cases  of  his 
brethren  in  the  ministry  in  this  country  in  like  circumstances. 

32.  The  General  Assembly  in  1885  extended  the  privilege 
of  the  Relief  Fund  to  “women  who  have  given  themselves 
to  the  missionary  work,  ”on  the  same  condition  as  to 
ministers,  and  in  1889  extended  the  same  privilege  to  “lay 
missionaries  commissioned  by  the  Foreign  Board.” 


23 


Children  of  Missionaries. 

33.  An  allowance  of  $100  is  made  for  each  child  under 
ten  years  of  age,  and  $150  between  the  ages  of  ten  and 
twenty.  This  grant  ceases  when  the  missionary  ceases  to  be 
connected  with  the  Board,  but  if  required,  and  so  long  as 
necessary,  is  continued  within  the  same  age  limits  to  the 
children  of  a  missionary  who  may  have  died  in  the  service. 
If  at  any  time  the  allowances  to  the  children  of  such  de¬ 
ceased  missionary  are  no  longer  needed  for  the  support  of 
the  child,  they  shall  cease  to  be  drawn.  The  Board  cannot 
provide  children’s  allowance  in  case  of  the  adopted  children 
of  missionaries,  and  the  amount  of  children’s  allowance  to 
be  paid  to  any  one  missionary  family  in  a  single  year  shall 
not  exceed  $650. 

34.  The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the 
children  of  missionaries  to  this  country  under  the  age  of 
eighteen,  provided  that  the  number  of  single  trips  of  any 
child  between  this  country  and  the  foreign  field  for  which 
the  Board  shall  be  responsible  shall  not  exceed  five;  but  it 
does  not  engage  to  meet  the  expense  of  their  return  after 
the  age  of  sixteen  to  the  country  from  which  they  came 
unless  they  go  out  as  missionaries  under  appointment  by 
the  Board. 

35.  The  Board  counsels  missionaries  that  wihen  practica¬ 
ble  and  expedient,  their  children  should  be  placed  in  the 
immediate  charge  of  relatives  or  friends,  in  order  that  the 
Homes  at  Wooster,  Ohio,  provided  through  the  generosity 
of  Christian  friends,  may  be  available  for  those  who  need 
them  most.  These  Homes  are  under  the  direction  of  a 
Board  of  Managers,  responsible  to  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions.  Children  are  admitted  by  a  vote  of  the  Managers, 
with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  at  a  cost  of  $175  per  annum, 
for  boarding  and  home.  This  amount  is  paid  through  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  In  any  case, 
the  Board  does  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  mission¬ 
aries’  children  beyond  doing  everything  in  its  power  to  aid 
the  parents  in  making  satisfactory  arrangements. 

24 


Right  to  Recall. 

36.  The  Board  reserves  the  right  of  recalling  missionaries 
or  of  revoking  their  appointment  for  sufficient  reasons, 
which  are  to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted  to  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Assembly,  with  the  minutes  of  the  Board.  When  the 
usefulness  of  any  missionary  is  open  to  serious  question  on 
the  field  in  which  he  has  been  laboring,  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  Mission  to  make  proper  investigation  and  to  report  its 
judgment  to  the  Board.  (See  §  28.)  After  the  connection 
of  missionaries  with  the  Board  has  been  terminated,  no 
payments  of  money  on  their  account  will  be  made  unless  by 
special  agreement. 


THE  PRESBYTERY. 

37.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  to  magnify  the  Presby¬ 
tery,  and  to  have  such  parts  of  the  work  committed  to  its 
direction  and  control  as  the  Mission,  with  the  approval  of 
the  Board,  may  deem  wise  from  time  to  time,  looking  to  the 
speedy  establishment  of  a  self-supporting  and  self-propa¬ 
gating  native  Church. 

The  Board  cannot  provide  travelling  or  other  expenses  for 
natives  or  missionaries  in  connection  with  the  ecclesiastical 
meetings  of  the  native  churches,  e.  g.,  Presbytery  and  Synod. 

38.  With  reference  to  the  relations  of  the  Missions  and 
native  Churches  and  Presbyteries  attention  is  called  to  the 
action  of  the  General  Assembly,  Minutes  of  1898,  page  73. 

“That  in  the  judgment  of  the  Assembly  the  best  results  of 
Mission  Work  in  Brazil  and  other  foreign  fields  will  be 
attained  only  when  right  lines  of  distinction  are  observed 
between  the  functions  of  the  native  Churches  and  the  func¬ 
tions  of  the  foreign  Missions;  the  Missions  contributing  to 
the  establishment  of  the  native  Churches  and  looking  for¬ 
ward  to  passing  on  into  the  regions  beyond  when  their 
work  is  done,  and  the  native  Churches  growing  up  with  an 
independent  identity  from  the  beginning,  administering  their 
own  contributions  and  resources  unentangled  with  any  re- 


25 


sponsibility  for  the  administration  of  the  Missions  or  of  the 
funds  committed  to  the  Missions.” 


Mission. 


THE  MISSION. 


39.  In  general  a  Mission  consists  of  all  foreign  mission¬ 
aries  under  appointment  by  the  Board  within  specified 
territorial  limits.  For  the  transaction  of  business  the  men 
are  regarded  as  constituting  the  administrative  force  of  the 
Mission.  The  women  of  the  Mission,  however,  who  are 
actively  engaged  in  Mission  work  (the  Mission  to  determine 
when  this  condition  is  met),  are  entitled  to  vote  on  what 
is  known  as  Woman’s  Work.  Each  Mission  has  authority, 
also,  should  it  so  desire,  to  extend  the  right  of  voting  on  all 
questions  to  the  women  of  the  Mission.  No  missionary 
shall  have  a  right  to  vote  until  after  one  year’s  service  in 
connection  with  the  Mission,  and  until  he  shall  have  passed 
the  language  examinations  appointed  for  the  first  year.  (See 
§  28.) 

The  wives  of  missionaries  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
Paragraphs  28  and  39  of  the  Manual  withholding  from  mis¬ 
sionaries  the  right  to  vote  until  they  have  passed  the 
language  examinations  for  the  first  year. 


Powers  of  the  Mission. 

40.  The  Mission  has  the  general  care  and  supervision  of 
all  work  within  its  limits.  All  questions  of  policy,  method 
and  expenditure  are  subject  to  its  judgment,  and  all  requests 
requiring  the  action  of  the  Board  should  be  accompanied  by 
the  action  of  the  Mission  upon  them.  Tours  of  exploration 
or  any  unusual  work  should  be  undertaken  only  with  the 
advice  of  the  Mission. 

The  Mission  assigns  and  in  general  supervises  the  work 
of  individual  missionaries,  to  the  end  that  all  forms  of  labor 
may  have  the  benefit  of  united  counsel  and  may  promote  the 
interests  of  the  work  as  a  whole.  It  is  proper,  of  course, 
that  the  views  of  all  missionaries  regarding  their  location 
and  work  should  be  heard  and  fully  considered,  and  if  any 

26 


missionary  shall  be  dissatisfied  with  the  action  of  the  Mis¬ 
sion,  an  appeal  to  the  Board  for  final  decision  can  be  made. 

Executive  Committee. 

41.  Any  Mission  may  at  its  annual  meeting  appoint  an 
Executive  Committee,  ad  interim,  to  have  authority  to  in¬ 
dorse  as  ^approved  any  request  to  the  Board.  All  actions 
submitted  to  this  Committee  must  have  the  approval  of  the 
proper  Station  or  Stations.  (See  §  §  48,  50.) 

Any  Mission  may  commit  to  its  Executive  Committee,  if 
it  desires,  the  discharge  of  any  of  the  functions  and  duties 
of  the  Mission  as  defined  in  the  Manual. 

Mission  Meetings. 

42.  The  Mission  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  and  be 
governed  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  church  judicatories,  so 
far  as  applicable,  and  it  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  its 
proceedings,  copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board 
soon  after  each  meeting.  On  questions  involving  requests 
for  appropriations,  the  expenditure  of  funds  and  the  loca¬ 
tion,  transfer  or  retirement  of  missionaries,  a  two-thirds 
vote  shall  be  required.  In  all  other  cases  a  majority  shall 
decide.  The  travelling  expenses  to  Mission  meetings  shall 
be  met  (unless  under  peculiar  circumstances)  only  for  those 
who  are  voting  members,  and  those  who  have  not  completed 
their  first  year  of  service.  (See  §  39.) 

Missions  and  missionaries  in  transmitting  matters  requir¬ 
ing  Board  action  are  requested  to  transmit  them  in  strictly 
business  communications,  distinct  from  matters  of  general 
missionary  interest.  After  each  Mission  meeting  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  the  Mission  shall  make  a  separate  list  of  such  acts 
of  the  Mission  meeting  as  may  require  Board  action,  and 
transmit  them  as  promptly  as  possible  to  the  Board  in  a 
separate  communication. 

Literary  Work. 

43.  Literary  work,  such  as  translating  and  the  preparation 
of  religious  and  educational  books,  should  be  undertaken 


27 


only  with  the  consent  or  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission, 
and  by  persons  adjudged  to  be  most  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  the  language.  All  translations  of  the  Scriptures  are  to 
be  governed  by  the  action  of  the  Board  (April  16,  1894). 

“Inasmuch  as  the  rules  of  both  the  American  Bible  Society 
and  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  authorize  only 
such  deviations  from  the  textus  receptus  as  are  sanctioned 
by  the  English  or  the  American  Revision  Committees  of 
1881,  it  was 

“Resolved,  That  these  limitations  and  exceptions  be  ap¬ 
plied  to  all  translations  made  under  the  authority  of  the 
Board;  any  specific  questions  which  may  arise  on  minor 
points  to  be  submitted  to  the  Committee  on  Versions  of  the 
American  Bible  Society.” 

Estimates. 

44.  At  the  annual  meeting  the  Mission  shall  prepare  a 
careful  estimate  of  the  probable  necessary  expenses  of  its 
work  for  the  year  beginning  on  the  1st  of  April  following 
the  date  of  annual  meeting.  Where  there  is  more  than  one 
Station  in  a  Mission,  each  Station  shall  prepare  its  estimates 
to  be  submitted  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Mission  for 
detailed  consideration  and  recommendation,  as  the  Board 
requires  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  on  all  the  estimates 
of  each  Station.  It  is  specially  desired  that  in  recommend¬ 
ing  appropriations  for  new  work,  such  as  the  sending  out 
of  new  missionaries,  the  purchase  of  property,  erection  of 
buildings,  etc.,  the  Mission  shall  indicate  the  order  of  their 
importance. 

The  estimates  should  indicate  first  what  is  needed  for  the 
work  of  the  ensuing  year,  the  amount  not  to  exceed  the 
grant  of  the  year  preceding  that  for  which  the  estimate  is 
made,  and,  secondly,  if  more  is  required,  how  the  Mission 
would  spend  the  desired  increase. 

The  estimates  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in 
charge  of  the  correspondence,  and  will  be  acted  upon  by  the 


28 


Board  as  promptly  as  possible.  Pending  such  action  the 
Mission  is  authorized  to  proceed  with  all  expenditures  in¬ 
cluded  under  the  first  class,  and  the  Treasurer  will  remit 
accordingly,  but  may  not  enter  upon  the  expenditures  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  second  class  without  authority  from  the  Board. 

In  making  these  estimates  the  Mission  will  follow  the 
classification  of  expenditures  as  arranged  by  the  Board  so  as 
to  facilitate  their  prompt  consideration,  and  will  use  the 
estimate  sheets  provided  by  the  Board. 

Each  Station  in  preparing  its  estimates  shall  consult  with 
the  proper  agents  of  the  native  Church  so  as  to  secure  its 
proper  share  in,  and  responsibility  for,  the  support  of  all 
evangelistic  and  educational  work.  The  amount  given  by 
the  native  Church  and  the  amount  of  help  asked  from  the 
Board  shall  be  clearly  stated. 

45.  In  case  any  work  is  partially  supported  by  receipts 
upon  the  field,  the  estimated  receipts  shall  be  carefully 
stated,  and  also  the  estimated  expenses,  and  only  that 
amount  shall  be  asked  which  is  needed  to  meet  the  estimated 
deficit.  Should  the  actual  receipts  fall  below  the  estimated 
receipts,  the  Board  will  grant  at  the  close  of  the  year  what¬ 
ever  is  needed  to  meet  the  obligations  authorized;  the  Mis¬ 
sion  or  Station  Treasurers  to  report  promptly  any  need  thus 
arising.  Should  the  actual  receipts  exceed  the  estimated 
receipts,  the  gain  shall  accrue  to  the  Treasury  of  the  Board. 
Save  that  when  the  excess  is  due  to  an  unforseen  enlarge¬ 
ment  of  the  work,  due,  for  example,  to  more  paying  pupils 
in  the  school  or  patients  in  the  hospital,  it  shall  be  allowable 
to  apply  so  much  of  the  excess  as  is  necessary  to  meet  the 
increased  cost  of  the  work,  due  to  this  enlargement.  But 
this  shall  not  be  understood  to  entail  upon  the  Board  an}" 
obligation  to  increase  the  grants  from  its  Treasury  for  the 
work. 

46.  The  appropriations  made  by  the  Board  will  always  be 
in  the  currency  of  the  country  for  which  they  are  made,  save 
in  the  matter  of  missionaries’  salaries  and  children’s  allow¬ 
ances  and  items  of  expenditure  in  this  country. 

29 


47.  As  the  Board  must  render  annual  reports  to  the 
Church  of  its  expenditures  on  the  foreign  field,  the  various 
Missions  must  consider  each  year’s  appropriations  as  avail¬ 
able  only  during  the  year  for  which  they  are  made. 

Liberty  of  Transfer. 

48.  Any  Mission  or  Station  is  at  liberty  to  make  neces¬ 
sary  transfers  in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the 
Board,  within  any  one  class,  except  within  the  following: 
“Missionaries  on  Field,”  “Missionaries  not  on  Field,”  “New 
Missionaries,”  and  “New  Property.”  When  necessary,  trans¬ 
fers  from  one  class  to  another  may  also  be  made  within 
the  fiscal  year,  if  approved  by  the  Mission  or  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Mission.  In  allowing  this  liberty  of 
transfer,  the  Board  does  so  upon  the  following  conditions: 

First — That  each  Mission  will  be  responsible  for  bringing 
its  expenditures  for  the  year  within  its  appropriations,  and 
that  any  overdrafts  will  be  charged  against  the  appropria¬ 
tions  for  the  ensuing  year,  this  being  necessary  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  the  Board  will  not  have  at  its  disposal  now 
the  unused  appropriations  which  it  has  heretofore  been  able 
to  use  to  provide  for  such  deficits. 

Second — That  where,  at  the  end  of  the  year,  any  Mission 
closes  its  accounts  with  a  balance,  this  balance  shall  be 
reported  to  the  Board  and  be  applied  toward  meeting  the 
appropriations  for  the  new  year,  reducing  by  so  much  the 
amount  to  be  sent  out  from  New  York. 

Third — That  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  Board  now  to 
set  aside  in  its  budget  at  the  beginning  of  each  year  an 
estimated  amount  to  cover  the  emergency  health  returns  of 
missionaries  during  the  year.  This  item  will,  of  course, 
reduce  the  amount  available  in  the  budget  for  appropriations 
directly  to  the  Missions,  but  is  necessitated  by  the  large 
expenditure  incurred  on  this  account,  toward  which  hereto¬ 
fore  the  Board  has  had  as  an  offset  any  savings  on  the 
Mission  appropriations. 


30 


This  provision  for  transfers  from  class  to  class  does  not 
apply  to  classes  “Missionaries  on  Field,”  “Missionaries  not 
on  Field,”  “New  Missionaries,”  and  “New  Property.” 

In  adjusting  the  appropriations  to  the  necessities  of  the 
work  on  the  field  the  only  items  which  the  Board  exempts 
from  reduction  or  transfer  are  those  in  Classes  I,  II,  III 
and  VIII,  and  such  specific  items  in  other  classes  as  may 
be  exempted  by  a  special  action  of  the  Board.  All  other 
appropriations  are  within  the  rules  of  this  Manual,  subject 
to  such  readjustment  by  the  Missions  as  the  exigencies  of 
the  field  situation  may  require.  It  is,  of  course,  expected 
that  the  Mission  will  take  into  due  consideration  any  asso¬ 
ciation  of  particular  objects  with  special  givers  in  this 
country,  and  it  will  not  needlessly  disturb  such  relations. 
But,  if  in  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  the  interests  of  the 
work  are  seriously  involved,  the  Board  will  support  the 
Mission  in  assigning  to  such  objects  their  proportionate 
share  of  any  reduction,  and  the  Board  will  take  up  with  the 
givers  at  home  any  difficulties  which  may  arise. 

Special  Appeals. 

49.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should 
be  so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from  the  field  to 
churches,  Sabbath-schools,  societies  or  individuals  for  special 
gifts.  Such  applications  involve  unjust  discriminations  in 
favor  of  some  Missions  and  missionaries,  subordinate  the 
judgment  of  the  Mission  to  private  judgment,  interfere  with 
the  regular  income  of  the  Board,  and  if  right  for  one  are 
right  for  all,  and  so  militate  against  the  purpose  of  the 
Church  in  the  establishment  of  the  Board.  It  is  expected 
that  each  missionary  will  aid  in  raising  the  large  amount 
required  for  the  work  formally  recommended  by  the  Mis¬ 
sions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

Missionaries  are  requested  to  refer  to  the  Secretaries  in 
New  York  all  requests  for  special  objects,  as  such  questions 
are  given  systematic  attention. 


31 


All  money  not  paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board, 
but  received  for  the  work  by  missionaries  from  Churches  or 
other  organizations  or  from  individuals,  should  be  reported 
through  the  Mission  Treasurers.  The  Board  feels  that 
wherever  consistent  with  the  will  of  the  donor,  such  gifts 
should  be  applied  to  the  regular  budget  of  authorized  ex¬ 
penditures  for  the  year  until  this  has  been  wholly  met.  But 
if  this  is  not  allowable,  the  Board  considers  it  but  just  to 
the  Church  and  to  the  givers  themselves  and  to  the  work 
as  a  whole,  that  all  gifts  going  out  to  the  field  should  be 
reported  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  the  Mission  Treas¬ 
urer  should  make  report  to  the  Board,  showing: 

(a)  All  gifts  passing  through  his  hands  for  special  pur¬ 
poses. 

(b)  As  far  as  possible,  all  gifts  not  passing  through  his 
hands,  but  received  and  expended  by  individual  missionaries 
for  the  work. 

Special  Appropriations. 

50.  After  the  estimates  are  sent  to  the  Board,  special 
requests  for  grants  cannot  be  entertained  except  in  extra¬ 
ordinary  circumstances.  When  such  cases  arise  during  the 
year  calling  for  extra  appropriations,  they  should  be  sub¬ 
mitted  to  the  Mission,  either  at  a  Mission  meeting  or  by 
circular  letter — [The  approval  of  the  Executive  Committee 
of  any  Mission  will  be  adequate  when  such  a  committee 
exists.  (See  §  41)  ] — and  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in 
charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the  Mission’s  recommen¬ 
dation.  The  blanks  furnished  for  this  purpose  by  the  Board 
should  be  used. 

Supreme  Aim  of  Work. 

51.  The  great  end  of  missionary  life  and  service  is  the 
preaching  of  Christ  crucified.  All  forms  of  work  must  be 
subordinate  to  this  end,  and  all  methods  of  missionary  effort, 
medical,  educational,  industrial,  etc.,  will  be  sanctioned  and 


32 


supported  by  the  Board  only  as  they  contribute  to  a  wider 
and  more  effective  proclamation  of  the  Gospel  and  give 
promise  of  vital  missionary  results. 

Property. 

52.  No  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  sold,  nor  any 
building  erected  for  the  Board,  without  its  sanction.  None 
of  its  property  is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt. 
All  property  given  or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once 
transferred  to  it,  or  be  held  in  trust  for  it. 

Gifts  on  the  field  or  from  sources  outside  of  the  Board’s 
Treasury  for  the  erection  of  buildings  on  the  property  of 
the  Board,  or  for  enlarging  or  improving  buildings  already 
in  use,  or  for  acquiring  new  property,  should  be  reported  to 
the  Board,  and  before  these  gifts  are  expended  full  plans  of 
the  improvements  contemplated  should  be  submitted  to  the 
Board  for  its  approval. 

Title  deeds  of  all  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the 
way  required  by  the  government  within  whose  territory  the 
Mission  is  located;  copies  thereof,  with  diagrams  of  land 
and  buildings,  to  be  sent  to  the  Treasurer  at  New  York. 
All  repairs  on  buildings  shall  be  included  in  the  general 
estimates,  and  no  enlargement  or  alteration  involving  ex¬ 
pense  shall  be  made  without  the  concurrence  of  the  Mission 
or  the  Property  Committee,  and,  if  amounting  to  more  than 
$100,  the  sanction  of  the  Board. 

Each  year  all  stations  should  forward  to  New  York,  upon 
the  property  blanks  furnished  for  such  purpose,  all  details 
of  new  property  acquired,  or  buildings  erected,  so  that  the 
Board’s  files  may  be  kept  up  to  date. 

Missionaries  who  expend  funds  belonging  to  the  Board,  or 
who  in  any  way  involve  the  Board  in  property  or  financial 
obligations,  without  its  consent,  will  be  held  personally  re¬ 
sponsible  for  the  amount. 

Property  Committee. 

53.  Each  Mission  shall,  at  its  annual  meeting,  appoint  a 


33 


Property  Committee,  without  whose  approval,  in  addition 
to  the  Board’s  appropriation,  no  plans  shall  be  adopted  nor 
any  land  purchased,  and  who  shall  have  general  supervision 
of  the  erection  of  all  buildings.  Copies  of  all  plans  ap¬ 
proved  by  this  committee  shall  be  forwarded  as  soon  as 
possible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Sale  and  Rent. 

54.  Property  not  in  use  and  not  likely  to  be  needed  for 
missionary  purposes  should  be  disposed  of  promptly,  or  as 
soon  as  a  fair  price  can  be  obtained.  Sales  are  to  be  au¬ 
thorized  by  the  Missions  or  Property  Committees  on  terms 
approved  by  them  and  confirmed,  in  cases  of  real  estate,  by 
the  Board.  The  proceeds  of  such  sales  should  be  credited 
to  the  Board  and  reported  at  once.  Where  property  unused 
by  the  Mission  cannot  be  sold,  it  should  be  rented  as  ad¬ 
vantageously  as  possible  and  the  proceeds  reported  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Board,  in  such  cases  the  character  of  the 
tenant  and  the  proposed  use  of  the  property  to  be  carefully 
considered. 

Printing  Presses. 

55.  No  printing  establishment  or  press  shall  be  erected 
without  the  express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  Board,  and 
no  printing  establishment  of  the  Board  shall  be  used  for 
private  work  or  for  any  missionary  publications  except 
under  authorization  of  the  Mission;  and  letters,  tracts,  or 
appeals  printed  at  these  establishments  at  the  expense  of  the 
Board,  with  a  view  to  their  being  sent  to  individuals  or 
communities  in  the  United  States,  must  have  the  authoriza¬ 
tion  of  the  Board.  The  Board  has  adopted  special  regula¬ 
tions  governing  the  operation  of  all  Mission  Printing 
Presses. 

Station. 

56.  A  Station  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries  ap¬ 
pointed  by  the  Board  within  certain  limits  prescribed  by  the 


34 


Mission;  its  voting  members  to  be  determined  by  the  Mis¬ 
sion  in  conformity  with  the  principles  of  §  39.  Each  Station 
shall  have  control  of  the  missionary  work  within  its  field, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Mission.  New  Stations  can  be 
established  only  by  action  of  the  Board,  on  recommendation 
of  the  Mission.  The  force  assigned  to  such  Stations  should, 
if  possible,  include  one  missionary  of  experience. 

Mission  and  Station  Secretaries. 

57.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall  choose  for  itself 
a  Secretary,  to  be  changed  as  seldom  as  possible,  the  names 
to  be  reported  to  the  Board,  whose  duties  shall  be  to  receive 
and  keep  files  of  all  official  correspondence  addressed  to 
Missions  and  Stations,  to  receive  and  distribute  all  report 
forms  and  see  that  they  and  all  minutes  and  reports  pro¬ 
vided  for  in  the  Manual  are,  in  proper  form  and  season, 
returned  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence, 
to  see  that  all  communications  addressed  to  Missions  and 
Stations  have  proper  reply,  to  forward  the  statement  called 
for  in  Paragraph  42,  and  to  perform  such  other  functions  as 
shall  be  assigned  by  the  Missions.  The  above  does  not 
apply  to  correspondence  between  the  Board  and  Mission 
and  Station  Treasurers.  (See  §  §  48,  52,  53,  65.) 

58.  Care  should  be  taken  that  all  official  letters  of  the 
Board  sent  to  the  Missions  be  seen  by  each  missionary. 

Reports. 

59.  Each  Station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the  Mission 
year,  reports,  both  statistical  and  general,  of  the  various 
departments  of  its  work,  and  submit  them  to  the  Mission  at 
the  annual  meeting.  Each  missionary  also  shall  prepare  a 
brief  personal  report  of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year, 
to  be  submitted  to  the  Mission.  All  these  reports  should  be 
reviewed  by  the  Mission  and  forwarded  without  delay  to 
the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the 
Mission’s  judgment  thereon. 


35 


Missions  are  allowed  to  close  their  statistical  year  at  such 
time  between  September  1st  and  November  30th  as  may  be 
most  convenient  for  them,  having  in  mind  the  requirements 
of  the  Board  that  all  statistical  information  must  be  in  the 
hands  of  the  Board  by  February  1st;  all  reports  and  esti¬ 
mates  by  January  1st. 

Letters. 

60.  It  is  expected  that  each  Station  shall  write  a  quarterly 

letter  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspond¬ 

ence  with  the  Mission,  concerning  the  work  in  its  various 
departments,  the  members  of  the  Station  discharging  this 
duty  in  turn. 

61.  It  is  desirable  that  individual  missionaries  and  the 
Secretaries  of  the  Board  should  correspond  as  fully  and 
frequently  as  may  be  expedient,  for  mutual  helpfulness  in 
the  prosecution  of  the  work. 

62.  All  correspondence  with  the  officers  of  the  Board 

should  be  on  uniform  paper  furnished  by  the  Board,  the 
writing  to  be  on  one  side  only.  Matters  pertaining  to  the 

respective  departments  of  Secretaries  or  Treasurer  should 

be  forwarded  on  separate  sheets  and  ordinarily  under  sep¬ 
arate  covers.  Correspondence  for  the  Treasurer’s  office 
should  as  far  as  practicable  be  given  separate  sheets  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  following  rough  outline:  (1)  Matters  of  travel; 
(2)  Purchase  and  shipment  of  goods;  (3)  Adjustment  of 
accounts;  (4)  General  and  personal  matters. 

TREASURERS. 

Mission  Treasurer. 

63.  The  Mission  shall  elect  a  Treasurer  at  its  annual 
meeting  or  when  a  vacancy  occurs,  said  Treasurer  to  assume 
his  duties  at  the  time  designated  by  the  Mission;  the  election 
to  be  reported  to  the  Board,  and  to  be  subject  to  its  ap¬ 
proval.  It  devolves  on  the  Mission  Treasurer  to  preserve 
carefully  all  deeds  of  Mission  property  and  other  legal 


36 


papers  not  transmitted  to  the  Board  (in  Stations  where  this 
is  not  convenient  the  Mission  may  assign  this  duty  to  the 
Station  Treasurer);  to  keep  in  official  books,  procured  at 
the  Board’s  expense  and  to  be  the  property  of  the  Board, 
clear  and  correct  accounts  of  all  receipts  and  payments,  and 
to  have  vouchers  for  the  latter,  and  to  keep  files  of  all 
official  correspondence  properly  belonging  to  his  department. 
(See  §  57.)  His  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any 
member  of  the  Mission  at  any  reasonable  time. 

64.  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board  for 
the  distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission, 
and  is  responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for  all  funds 
forwarded  by  him,  these  funds  to  be  kept  in  a  bank  or  other 
safe  depository  approved  by  the  Mission.  No  funds  of  the 
Board  shall  be  loaned  under  any  circumstances.  There  is 
no  warrant  for  assuming  liabilities  on  behalf  of  the  Board, 
without  the  actual  consent  of  the  Board,  and  it  is  within 
its  proper  right  to  repudiate  any  such  obligations.  The 
acceptance  of  funds  for  deposit,  and  the  investment  of  the 
same  in  any  form  of  security,  must  be  avoided.  The  ad¬ 
vancing  of  funds  for  the  construction  of  chapels  or  in  behalf 
of  any  individual,  however  urgent  might  appear  to  be  the 
necessity,  is  unwarranted. 

The  principle  of  this  Paragraph  is  to  be  strictly  construed, 
there  being  no  warrant  for  disbursements  beyond  the  limit 
of  appropriations,  except  in  cases  for  which  the  Manual 
provides. 

65.  He  is  also  the  agent  of  the  Board  to  enforce  any 
rules  governing  the  use  of  revenue  derived  from  such  sources 
as  tuition  fees,  medical  fees,  press  earnings  and  premium  on 
exchange,  etc.  (See  §  §  29,  45,  46,  54.)  Such  funds  must  be 
paid  to  him,  and  be  by  him  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Board. 

The  Mission  Treasurer  will  also  examine  and  check 
journey  accounts  presented  by  missionaries  upon  their  arrival 
in  the  field,  calling  the  attention  of  the  traveller  to  any  items 
incorrectly  entered. 


37 


66.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  directed  to  remit  to 
each  Mission  Treasurer  the  amount  appropriated  for  his 
Mission  during  the  fiscal  year  of  the  Board,  and  only  that 
amount;  this  to  be  forwarded  regularly,  and  preferably  in 
monthly  instalments;  bills  of  exchange  to  be  negotiated  by 
the  Mission  Treasurers  as  necessities  require. 

67.  The  receipt  of  such  remittances  is  to  be  officially 
acknowledged  by  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  for  all  such 
funds  he  must  return  an  annual  report  to  the  Board  through 
its  Treasurer,  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  not  less  than 
two,  appointed  for  such  purpose  by  the  Mission  at  its  annual 
meeting.  This  committee  shall  meet  to  audit  the  accounts 
of  the  Mission  Treasurer  as  soon  as  possible  after  April  1 
in  each  year. 

68.  In  auditing  the  accounts  the  committee  of  the  Mission 
are  expected  not  only  to  examine  the  footings  and  vouchers 
for  each  payment,  but  also  to  report  whether  the  disburse¬ 
ments  under  appropriations  were  made  in  accordance  with 
the  vote  of  the  Board.  The  audit  should  include  an  exami¬ 
nation  of  the  cash  in  bank.  And  a  report  of  the  Committee 
of  the  Mission  certifying  that  the  audit  required  by  this 
Paragraph  has  been  made,  and  the  results  thereof  should  be 
forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

69.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time 
to  time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission 
treasuries  with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements  in 
American  gold,  but  the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  Mission 
must  be  rendered  once  each  year. 

70.  The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to  the 
Mission,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but  the 
funds  must  be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  ap¬ 
propriations  as  made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount 
without  special  authority  being  obtained.  (See  §  §  47,  48.) 

Station  Treasurers. 

71.  Station  Treasurers  shall  be  annually  appointed  by 
each  Station,  or  where  the  Mission  shall  prefer,  by  the 


38 


Mission,  and  the  names  reported  to  the  Board,  save  in  those 
Missions  where  the  Board  provides  for  the  discharge  of 
these  duties  by  the  Mission  Treasurer.  They  are  the  financial 
agents  of  the  Mission  for  their  several  Stations,  with  powers 
and  responsibilities  in  their  respective  spheres,  similar  to 
those  of  Mission  Treasurers.  They  must  submit  reports  to 
the  Mission  Treasurer,  as  he  does  to  the  Board  Treasurer, 
such  reports  to  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  members  of  the 
Station,  and  to  be  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  the 
Station.  (See  §  §  48,  63.) 

73.  The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  devise  reasonable  rules 
to  secure  from  Station  Treasurers  proper  accounts,  such 
rules  to  be  approved  by  his  Mission,  and  a  copy  sent  to 
the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Purchases  and  Money  Orders. 

73.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make  pur¬ 
chases  for  the  missionaries  of  the  Board,  but  all  charges, 
including  freight,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  salary  of  the 
missionary.  The  Treasurer  shall  require  such  form  of  order 
for  goods  as  will  bind  the  missionary,  and  inasmuch  as  the 
Board  is  asked  to  advance  money  on  such  orders,  the  treas¬ 
urer  on  the  field  through  whom  the  amount  must  be  col¬ 
lected  shall  have  cognizance  of  the  obligation  assumed. 
This  shall  be  effected  by  the  countersigning  of  the  order  by 
the  treasurer  on  the  field  and  a  duplicate  of  the  order  shall 
be  filed  with  the  treasurer  so  countersigning.  These  pur¬ 
chases  are  for  the  Mission  work  and  for  the  missionaries’ 
personal  needs,  and  do  not  include  purchases  for  others  not 
directly  associated  with  the  Missions. 

74.  The  Board’s  Treasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to 
the  field,  funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  mission¬ 
aries,  and  in  turn  pay  upon  authority  funds  transferred  to 
him  by  the  missionaries. 

Such  transfers  will  be  made  under  rules  which  he  may 
make,  but  shall  only  be  made  for  actual  value  received,  and 


39 


shall  not  be  made  by  negotiable  drafts  (payable  through 
banks). 

Property  and  Emergency  Drafts. 

75.  If  necessity  compels,  the  Mission  Treasurer  may  draw 
on  the  Board’s  Treasurer  at  ten  days’  sight  for  an  amount 
not  to  exceed  the  proportionate  allowance  of  appropriation 
for  one  month;  but  in  such  event  a  statement  must  be  at 
once  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  setting  forth 
the  emergency. 

It  is  not  expected  that  the  regular  drafts  sent  to  Mission 
Treasurers  from  New  York  to  cover  regular  appropriations 
shall  be  used  for  property  and  building  expenditures.  For 
these  purposes  special  drafts  shall  be  sold,  the  forms  being 
sent  to  the  Missions  in  blank  from  New  York.  These 
special  drafts  for  property  shall  be  sold  only  in  such  amounts 
as  shall  be  needed  in  the  immediate  future  to  finance  property 
and  building  operations.  They  are  not  to  be  sold  in  large 
amounts  with  the  intention  of  depositing  the  proceeds  in 
local  banks  to  await  expenditure  at  some  indefinite  time  in 
the  future.  The  drafts  shall  be  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  in 
New  York  as  the  forms  indicate,  and  shall  be  signed  by  the 
duly  authorized  Treasurer  of  the  Mission  and  the  party 
authorized  by  the  Mission  to  countersign. 

Emergency  expenditures  may  be  covered  in  the  same  way 
by  the  sale  of  one  or  more  of  these  special  drafts.  Current 
funds  also  may  be  replenished  when  absolutely  necessary, 
but  only  in  such  amounts  as  would  equal  the  regular  appro¬ 
priation  for  one  month. 

Immediately  on  the  sale  of  either  a  property  or  emergency 
draft  notice  should  be  mailed  to  New  York  advising  the 
Board  Treasurer  of  such  sale,  giving  the  amount,  the  object 
for  which  it  was  sold  and  any  other  information  that  would 
be  valuable  to  have. 

Treasurer’s  Annual  Report 

76.  As  the  Board  for  the  purposes  of  its  Annual  Report  to 
the  General  Assembly  closes  its  books  on  March  31,  in  each 

40 


year,  the  Treasurer  shall  require  from  the  Mission  Treas¬ 
urers  such  reports  as  will  enable  him  to  prepare  his  report. 

77.  At  the  end  of  the  year  (March  31),  all  unexpended 
balances  and  unused  appropriations  revert  to  the  Treasury 
of  the  Board.  (See  §  §  15,  47,  48.) 

The  Treasurer  is,  however,  authorized  to  allow  proper 
payments  from  balance,  if  any,  for  work  actually  done 
during  the  year,  under  the  appropriations  of  that  year, 
though  the  accounts  are  rendered  after  the  year  ends;  and 
the  Mission  may  apply  to  have  any  unused  appropriations 
continued,  in  addition  to  the  appropriations  for  the  next  year. 
But  all  unused  funds  and  unfinished  work  must  be  reported 
at  the  end  of  each  year. 


41 


INDEX 


Section 


Section 


A 

Accounts  . 69,  73 

Accounts  of  returning  mission¬ 
aries  .  22 

Addresses  at  home  .  24 

Addresses  on  furlough .  19 

Adopted  children  .  33 

Africa  .  9,  12 

Aim  of  missionary  work .  51 

Aim  of  Missions . 37,  38 

Allowance,  children  . 33,  34,  35 

Appeals  .  40 

Appeals,  special  . 24,  48,  49 

Applications  .  1 

Appropriations  . 42,  44,  46,  47 

Special  . 18b,  50 

Transfer  of .  48 

Unused  .  77 

Assignment  of  field .  8 

Assienments  . 1,  40 

Audits  . 67,  68 


B 


Baggage  . 12,  20 

Balances  .  77 

Bible  Societies  .  43 

Bible  Translations  .  43 

Bills  of  Exchange  .  66 

Budget  . 48,  49 


C 

Children . 1,  18d,  23,  33,  34,  35 

Allowances  of .  46 

Travelling  expenses  of .  34 

Church  in  Mission  field,  relation 

to  Missions  . 37,  38 

Climate,  risks  of  .  17 

Committees  on  language  study.  .  28 
Conference  of  new  missionaries.  7 

Copyists  .  28 

Correspondence — 

Official  . . 42,  57,  58,  62 

Personal  .  61 

Quarterly  station  letters .  60 

Customs  duties  . 12,  20 


D 


Death  .  14 

Departure  from  the  field . 18a 

Deputation  work  on  furlough.  19,  24 

Designation  of  field .  8 

Disbursements  . 64,  66,  70 

Drafts  .  75 


E 


Ecclesiastical  meetings  on  the 

field  .  37 

Estimates  . 18b,  44,  49 

Evangelistic  work  .  51 

Executive  Committees  . 41.  60 

Expenditures, 

42,  44,  48,  62,  63.  64,  70,  75 


Expenses  of  travel, 

12,  20,  21,  22,  23,  26,  31 
Expenses  of  travel  to  Presbytery 

and  Synod  .  37 

Experience  in  Christian  work  .  .  1 


F 


Families  . 18d 

Fees  on  the  field . 29,  46,  65 

Field,  choice  of .  1 

Freight  . _ . 13,  20,  73 

Funds,  necessity  of  .  64 

Furloughs  . 17-25 

Furniture  .  13 


G 

Gifts,  special  .... 

H 

Health  . 

Health  emergency  . 
Health  returns  .  .  . 
Home  allowance  .  . 
Hospitals  . 


48,  49,  62 


1,  23,  27,  30 

. 18b 

.  48 

.  .18f,  23,  27 
. 10,  II 


I 

Illness  on  the  field .  27 

Interviews  with  officers  of  Board  7 


42 


Section 


Section 


J 

Journey  .  12 

L 

Language  examinations  . 28,  39 

Language  study  .  28 

Lay  missionaries  .  32 

Letters  . 42,  57,  60-62 

Letters  from  Board .  68 

Literary  work  .  43 

Loans  .  64 

Location  of  missionaries .  42 


R 


Recall  of  missionaries .  36 

Receipts  on  the  field . 46,  65 

Religious  experience  .  1 

Remuneration  for  outside  work.  29 

Rent  .  14 

Rent  of  property .  64 

Repairs  .  62 


Resignations.  ..  .18d,  25,  28,  31,  42 

Retiring  allowance  .  31 

Revocation  of  appointment . 36 

Route  of  travel  .  12 


M 

Marriage  .  4 

Medical  allowance  .  27 

Medical  certificate . 18c 

Medical  examination  .  1 

Medical  expenses  .  27 

Medical  missionaries.!,  3,  10,  18c,  27 
Mexico  . 9,  12 


Ministerial  relief.  Board  of. . . . 

30,  31,  32 

Mission,  The 

29,  30,  36,  37,  38,  39-42,  43,  44,  48 
Missions  and  the  Church. ..  .37,  38 


Money  orders  .  73 

Motives  .  1 


O 


Objects,  special  . 48,  49 

Ordination  .  2 

Outside  work  .  29 

Outfit  . 9,  10,  11 


P 

Passports  . 

Pensions  . 

Personal  teachers  . 

Physicians . 1,  3,  4,  10,  18c, 

Plans  of  land  and  buildings.  .52, 
Presbyterial  recommendation.... 

Presbyteries  . 37, 

Presses  . 

Property  . 62-54,  63, 

Property  committee  . 62, 

Property,  Rent  of . 

Propertjr,  Sale  of . 54, 

Publications  . 

Purchase  . 


13 

30 

28 

27 

63 

2 

38 

65 
76 

63 

64 
75 

66 
73 


Q 

ualifications  for  appointment., 
uarterly  reports  . 


1 

60 


s 

Salaries . 14,  16,  16,  30  46 


Sale  of  property .  64 

Sanatariums  .  26 

Secretaries  of  Board . 7,  44,  63 

Secretary  of  Mission .  42 

Secretaries  of  Missions  and 

Stations  .  67 

Self-support  . 37,  38 

Service,  Term  of  .  17 

Session  recommendations  .  3 

Special  appeals  . 24,  48,  49 

Special  appropriations  .  60 

Special  gifts  . 48,  49,  62 

Special  objects  . 48,  49 

Special  Rules  . 18e 

Stations  .  66 

Statistics  . v .  69 

Surgical  outfit  . 10,  11 

Synod  .  37 


T 


Teachers,  personal  .  28 

Term  of  service  .  17 

Testimonials  .  6 

Theological  views  .  2 

Title  deeds  . 62,  63 

Tours  of  exploration  .  40 

Transfers  .  48 

Transfer  of  missionaries .  42 

Translations  .  43 

Travel  account  .  66 

Travelling  expenses, 

12,  18d,  20,  21,  22,  23,  26,  31 

Of  children  .  34 

To  Presbytery  and  Synod....  37 

Travel  Manual  . 12,  21 

Treasurer  of  Board, 

22,  44,  66-69,  73,  74,  76 

Treasurers  on  the  field .  45 

Treasurer  of  Mission, 

11,  63-70,  71,  72,  76-77 
Treasurer  of  the  Station . 71,  72 


43 


Section 

V 


Vacations  on  the  field .  26 

Votes  in  Mission .  39 

Voting  .  56 

Vouchers  . 63,  67,  68 

W 

Widows  and  Widowers .  16 


Section 


Wives  . 5,  39 

Women  . 32,  39 

Women’s  Boards  . 4,  7 

Women,  single  . 4,  7 

Wooster  Homes  .  35 

Writers  .  28 


-1 


'  A 


i 


MANUAL 


Of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A. 

For  the  Use  of  Missionaries 
and  Missionary  Candidates 


REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD,  AND 
APPROVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


PRESBYTERIAN  BUILDING 
NEW  YORK 

1915 


/. 


MANUAL 

Of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A. 

For  the  Use  of  Missionaries 
and  Missionary  Candidates 


REVISED  AND  ADOPTED  BY  THE  BOARD,  AND 
APPROVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


PRESBYTERIAN  BUILDING 
NEW  YORK 


1915 


NOTE 

Changes  have  been  made  in  the  following  paragraphs  :  Missionaries 
will  please  note  and  compare  with  former  edition  :  Sections  9,  12,  17, 
18,  18E,  20,  22,  33,  52,  62,  64,  77. 


INTRODUCTION 


The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  appointed  by  the  General 
Assembly,  and  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  organizing  and  super¬ 
intending  the  work  of  disseminating  the  Gospel  in  unevan¬ 
gelized  lands.  It  is  not  an  ecelesiastical  body.  An  important 
part  of  its  work  is  the  selecting  and  commissioning  of  suitable 
persons  to  labor  as  missionaries  in  the  foreign  field.  For  such 
persons,  as  well  as  for  the  Board  itself  and  missionaries  already 
under  commission,  the  following  pages  are  intended. 

This  Manual  is  not  a  contract  and  the  Board  reserves  the  right 
to  modify  or  change  it  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board  at  any 
time  may  seem  wise. 

The  Manual  does  not  embrace  general  questions  of  missionary 
policy  and  administration.  These  are  treated  in  other  publica¬ 
tions  of  the  Board  and  at  their  annual  conferences  with  new 
missionaries. 

Experience  has  shown  that  confusion  and  misunderstanding 
may  arise  from  neglect  of  the  Manual  and  missionaries  are 
earnestly  advised  to  familiarize  themselves  with  it  thoroughly, 
and  to  keep  a  copy  of  it  at  hand  for  constant  reference. 

The  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  work  are  entitled  to 
the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  affections  of  all  who 
engage  in  it.  Applicants  for  appointment  as  missionaries  should 
set  before  their  minds  the  authority,  glory  and  grace  of  Christ 
and  the  honor  of  His  name  in  the  salvation  of  souls  as  their 
great  aim.  They  should  offer  their  services  in  the  work  of 
spreading  the  Gospel,  under  a  sense  of  being  divinely  called  to 
it,  and  they  should  seek  their  reward  in  our  blessed  Lord’s 
approval.  For  His  sake  they  should  be  willing  to  make  sacrifices, 
to  meet  with  hardships  and  to  endure  privations.  For  His  sake 


3 


they  should  consent  to  suffer  the  want  of  congenial  society  if 
necessary,  and  be  willing  to  accept  a  life  of  steady,  unnoticed 
labor,  expecting  to  continue  therein  until  death,  and  looking  for 
rest  and  reward  in  the  world  to  come.  In  these  and  similar 
purposes,  endeavors  and  hopes,  they  and  all  the  friends  of 
missions  stand  together  in  mutual  sympathy.  And  it  must  ever 
be  deeply  felt  that  harmonious  and  pleasant  relations  and  co¬ 
operation,  both  among  missionaries  themselves  and  between  them 
and  the  members  of  the  Board  and  its  executive  officers,  depend 
far  less  on  formal  rules  than  on  their  common  experience  of 
divine  grace — the  grace  which  inspires  forbearance,  meekness 
and  Christian  love.  It  is  not  in  any  undervaluing  of  these  high 
views,  therefore,  that  this  Manual  is  restricted  chiefly  to  the 
business  relations  of  the  Board  and  the  missionaries. 


4 


MANUAL 


APPOINTMENT  OF  MISSIONARIES. 

General  Requirements, 

1.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are  expected 
to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to  health,  Christian 
experience,  etc.,  provided  for  candidates,  and  to  undergo  a 
medical  examination  by  the  family  physician,  and,  when  deemed 
necessary,  by  a  physician  designated  by  the  Board.  Also  in  a 
letter  of  application  to  state  briefly:  their  religious  history; 
motives  for  desiring  to  engage  in  the  work  of  foreign  missions ; 
choice  of  field,  if  any,  with  reasons  for  the  same;  experience  in 
active  Christian  service :  whether  they  expect  to  go  married  or 
single;  and  to  furnish  any  other  information  which  the  Board 
ought  to  have,  bearing  upon  their  appointment. 

It  is  most  desirable  that  those  appointed  as  missionaries  should 
have  the  same  general  qualifications  which  make  a  Christian 
worker  useful  and  successful  at  home ;  that  they  should  have 
been  approved  as  winners  of  souls,  and  that  they  should  possess 
deep  piety  of  life  and  spiritual  power.  Names  should  be  furnished 
of  those  who  can  speak  of  the  candidate’s  qualifications  in  these 
regards. 

The  Board  will  not  commission  men  with  children,  save  in 
exceptional  circumstances. 

Ordained  Missionaries. 

2.  In  addition  to  this,  those  seeking  appointment  as  ordained 
missionaries  will  be  required  to  furnish  testimonials  from  their 
college  and  seminary  professors,  or  something  equivalent,  as  to 
their  literary  and  theological  attainments ;  also  recommendations 


6 


from  their  Presbyteries  as  to  their  standing  and  qualifications  lor 
missionary  work.  Without  such  recommendation  of  Presbytery, 
no  ordained  missionary  will  be  commissioned.  It  is  expected  that 
such  candidates  should  have  had  some  experience  in  personal 
evangelistic  effort. 

Medical  Missionaries. 

3.  Those  desiring  appointment  as  medical  missionaries  (both 
men  and  women),  in  addition  to  the  general  requirements  and 
qualifications  specified  in  §  i,  must  furnish  testimonials,  especially 
from  the  pastor  or  session  of  the  church  to  which  they  belong, 
as  to  their  Christian  character,  soundness  in  the  faith  and 
adaptation  to  missionary  work;  also  recommendations  from 
competent  persons,  s'uch  as  their  teachers,  as  to  their  literary 
qualifications,  and  from  their  medical  professors  and  others  as 
to  their  professional  attainments. 

Unordained  men,  other  than  medical  missionaries,  applying 
for  appointment,  are  required  to  furnish  similar  testimonials, 
except  the  certificate  of  professional  qualifications ;  especially 
letters  bearing  upon  their  qualifications  for  the  form  of  mission¬ 
ary  work  proposed. 

Single  Women. 

4.  Single  women,  including  physicians,  ought  in  all  ordinary 
cases  to  make  their  application  for  appointment  through  the 
Woman’s  Society  or  Board  within  whose  territory  they  reside. 
Such  applicants  are  expected  to  furnish  the  information  re¬ 
quired  in  §  I,  and  recommendations  as  to  their  literary  qualifica¬ 
tions,  Christian  character,  soundness  in  the  faith,  practical  ex¬ 
perience  in  Christian  work,  aptness  to  teach  the  Bible,  and 
adaptation  to  the  form  of  missionary  work  contemplated. 

Single  women  who  are  candidates  for  appointment  as  mis¬ 
sionaries  are  informed  that  it  is  earnestly  recommended : 

I.  That  they  will  not  marry  within  the  circle  of  the  Board’s 
Missions  in  less  than  three  years  from  the  date  of  their  arrival 


6 


on  the  field ;  and  that  they  will  not  marry  outside  the  Board’s 
Missions  in  less  than  five  years  from  said  date. 

2.  That  single  women  who  are  appointed  as  medical  mission¬ 
aries  will  not  marry,  either  within  or  outside  the  Board’s  Mis¬ 
sions,  in  less  than  five  years  from  the  date  of  their  arrival  on 
the  field. 

The  Wives  of  Missionaries. 

5.  The  wives  of  missionaries  are  regarded  as  associate  mis¬ 
sionaries,  uniting  with  their  husbands  in  desire  and  effort  to  give 
the  Gospel  to  the  unevangelized.  It  is  expected  that  so  far  as  is 
consistent  with  their  strength  and  household  duties,  they  will 
learn  the  language  and  take  part  in  missionary  work.  Wives  of 
men  seeking  appointment,  or  women  expecting  to  becomes  wives 
of  missionaries,  are  expected  in  a  personal  letter  to  give  some 
account  of  their  religious  experience  and  their  interest  in  the 
cause  of  foreign  missions ;  also  to  furnish  satisfactory  testi¬ 
monials  as  to  their  Christian  character  (usually  from  the  pastor 
or  session  of  the  church  with  which  they  are  connected),  their 
experience  in  Christian  work,  and  the  educational  advantages 
they  have  enjoyed;  also  to  answer  the  series  of  personal  ques¬ 
tions  and  to  undergo  the  medical  examination  provided  for 
in  §  I. 

Testimonials. 

6.  Justice  and  kindness  alike  require  that  in  all  cases  testi¬ 
monials  be  full,  discriminating  and  impartial.  They  should  be 
sent  directly  to  the  Board  by  those  writing  them,  and  if  desired 
will  be  regarded  as  private  and  confidential. 

Interview  with  Officers. 

7.  It  is  required  that  applicants  for  appointment  shall  per¬ 
sonally  meet  one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries  whenever  possible, 
so  that  in  addition  to  the  statements  and  testimonials  furnished 


7 


there  may  be  the  advantage  of  a  personal  interview.  It  is  be¬ 
lieved  that  this  will  furnish  an  additional  bond  of  sympathy  and 
mutual  interest.  In  the  case  of  single  women  it  is  required  that 
they  shall  meet  some  of  the  officers  of  the  Women’s  Society  or 
Board  to  which  they  naturally  belong,  and,  whenever  possible, 
one  or  more  of  the  Secretaries. 

A  conference  for  new  missionaries  is  held  annually  at  the 
rooms  of  the  Board,  and  unless  specially  excused  all  new  mis¬ 
sionaries  under  appointment  are  expected  to  be  present. 

Designation  of  Field. 

8.  Designation  of  field  is  frequently  made  at  a  time  subsequent 
to  the  time  of  appointment.  In  making  this  designation  the 
preference  of  the  candidate  is  always  considered.  So  far  as 
practicable  care  is  taken  to  assign  persons  to  the  field  for  which 
they  seem  to  be  best  fitted,  and  where  they  will  be  likely  to  ac¬ 
complish  most  in  the  service  of  Christ.  Assignment  is  usually 
to  a  Mission,  but  may  be  a  Station  or  to  a  specific  work.  New 
missionaries  are  expected  to  comply  with  all  the  regulations  of 
the  Mission  and  Station  to  which  they  may  be  assigned. 

Outfit. 

g.  Wherever  possible,  without  a  severe  tax  on  the  families  of 
outgoing  missionaries,  it  is  desirable  that  the  outfit  be  provided 
without  drawing  on  the  Board’s  treasury.  Where  this  cannot 
be  done,  the  following  grants  are  made,  in  whole  or  in  part,  as 
may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  missionaries  under  appointment : 


To  an  unmarried  missionary .  $200. 

To  a  man  and  his  wife .  $400. 


except  where  by  vote  of  the  Mission  and  approval  of  the  Board, 
smaller  grants  may  be  agreed  upon,  as  in  the  case  of  Africa, 
Mexico,  Colombia  and  North  Siam,  where,  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  Board  provides  the  heavy  household  furniture,  the 
grants  are  one-half  the  above  amounts. 


8 


,The  outfit  allowance  is  to  be  used  only  for  those  items  which 
will  help  to  properly  equip  the  missionary  and  establish  him  in 
his  Station,  and  is  payable  within  three  months  of  the  time  of 
departure  to  the  field,  and  not  after  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year, 
unless  otherwise  specially  arranged. 

Outfit  lists,  indicating  articles  most  needed  on  the  field,  have 
been  prepared  by  the  several  Missions,  copies  of  which  will  be 
sent  to  the  persons  appointed  when  assignment  is  made  to  the 
particular  field.  Experience  has  proved  that  it  is  not  wise  to 
expend  the  entire  amount  granted  by  the  Board  for  outfit  in  this 
country  or  before  reaching  the  field.  The  testimony  of  mis¬ 
sionaries  is  unanimously  in  favor  of  retaining  at  least  half  of  it 
until  after  reaching  destination. 

As  a  rule  no  second  outfit  is  allowed. 

Medical  Outfit. 

10.  There  will  be  provided  for  a  medical  missionary,  whenever 
necessary,  an  allowance  not  to  exceed  $150,  for  surgical  outfit. 
This  allowance  is  not  made  to  medical  missionaries  appointed 
to  established  hospitals.  They  will  be  granted  only  a  sufficient 
sum  to  provide  a  hand  medical  case.  On  withdrawal  of  mis¬ 
sionary  physicians  from  connection  with  the  Board,  all  such 
outfits  shall  be  reported  to  the  Board  and  turned  over  to  the 
Station  Treasurers  to  be  held  subject  to  the  Board’s  instructions. 

On  the  removal  of  a  medical  missionary  from  one  Station  to 
another  the  medical  outfit  shall  remain  for  the  successor,  unless 
the  medical  work  is  to  be  closed  or  unless  there  is  no  outfit  at 
the  Station  to  which  removal  is  made. 

Return  of  Outfit. 

11.  Should  a  missionary  retire  from  the  field  after  a  service 
of  three  years  or  less,  for  any  other  cause  than  that  of  failure 
of  health,  it  is  expected  that  an  equitable  return  of  the  outfit 
allowance  will  be  made  to  the  Board,  due  regard  being  had  to 


9 


the  expenses  incurred  and  services  rendered.  All  furniture 
purchased  with  the  outfit  allowance  will  be  regarded  as  the 
property  of  the  Board. 

New  missionaries  shall  on  their  arrival  on  the  field,  or  as  soon 
thereafter  as  possible,  render  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  or  if 
there  be  a  Station  Treasurer,  then  through  him  to  the  Mission 
Treasurer,  a  list  of  outfit  purchases  made  by  them  with  the 
outfit  allowances  provided  by  the  Board,  together  with  the  prices 
paid.  This  list  to  be  itemized,  save  that  clothing,  including 
underclothing,  hose,  shoes,  dresses,  etc,,  can  be  classed  in  one 
item  as  personal  clothing. 

Medical  missionaries  shall  as  soon  as  possible  after  arriving 
on  the  field  in  a  similar  manner  file  an  inventory  of  purchases 
made  with  the  medical  outfit  allowance,  and  also  keep  a  list 
available  of  purchases  of  instruments  and  hospital  furnishings 
made  from  the  earnings  of  the  hospitals  under  their  charge. 

The  Journey. 

12,  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from  the  home 
of  the  missionary  to  his  Station,  or  vice  versa,  by  a  direct  route. 
If  any  missionary  wishes  to  deviate  from  this  route  and  there 
be  no  valid  reason  to  the  contrary  he  shall  receive  a  sum  equal 
to  the  expense  of  the  direct  journey  as  estimated  by  the  Board 
at  the  time.  The  expense  is  based  upon  the  shortest  and  least 
expensive  route,  and  is  not  intended  to  include  items  of  emer¬ 
gency  beyond  those  incident  to  delays  from  disarranged  service. 
In  case  of  deviation  from  the  direct  route  or  delays,  the  addi¬ 
tional  expense  of  which  is  assumed  by  the  missionary,  the  time 
thus  considered  will  be  taken  into  consideration  in  fixing  the 
date  at  which  home  allowance  shall  begin  or  end. 

The  Board  pays  freight  and  customs  duties  to  the  field  within 
reasonable  limits  and  not  on  more  than  is  included  in  the  regular 
freight  and  baggage  allowance.  The  freight  allowance  for  new 
missionaries  is  two  measured  tons  for  a  single  missionary,  and 


10 


four  tons  for  a  married  missionary,  except  as  may  be  determined 
by  special  action  of  the  Board.  The  freight  allowance  for 
Africa,  Mexico,  Colombia  and  North  Siam,  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  heavy  household  furniture  is  provided  on  the  field  by 
the  Board,  is  one-half  the  usual  amount,  namely,  one  cubic 
ton  for  each  missionary.  One  cubic  or  measured  ton  is  equal 
t.^  40  cubic  feet. 

Each  missionary  is  allowed  100  pounds  of  baggage  in  excess 
of  the  amount  carried  free  by  the  railroads,  from  his  home  to 
the  place  of  embarkation.  The  usual  allowance  by  Steamship 
Companies  is  20  Cubic  feet,  or  about  175  pounds.  The  allowance 
varies  from  40  cubic  feet  in  Oriental  lines,  to  350  pounds,  in 
Trans-Pacific  Steamships.  On  these  points  specific  instructions 
will  be  furnished  after  designation  of  field.  A  Travel  Manual 
is  provided,  containing  further  instructions  as  to  details  of 
journey. 

Passports. 

13.  Passports  are  not  absolutely  necessary  for  all  countries. 
As  exigencies  may  arise  in  any  foreign  country,  however,  when 
a  passport  would  be  of  service,  all  missionaries  are  instructed  to 
procure  them.  A  blank  for  this  purpose  will  be  forwarded  to 
persons  under  appointment  when  their  field  is  designated. 

MISSIONARIES  AND  THEIR  WORK. 

Salary. 

14.  The  salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  countries, 
according  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  determined  by  the 
Board  after  correspondence  with  the  Missions.  The  general 
idea  on  which  they  are  fixed  is  that  of  giving  a  comfortable 
support  to  the  missionaries  while  they  continue  under  commission 
of  the  Board  on  the  Mission  field.  Usually  a  house  is  provided 
or  house  rent  paid,  a  salary  to  a  married  man,  with  an  allow¬ 
ance  for  each  child  under  twenty  years  of  age,  one-half  of  the 
salary  of  a  married  man  to  one  unmarried  (with  exceptions  in 


11 


some  Missions  where  the  necessities  of  a  comfortable  support 
require  more),  and  to  a  single  woman  one-half  of  the  salary  of 
a  married  missionary.  To  a  missionary  remaining  at  his  post 
while  his  wife  returns  to  this  country,  the  salary  of  an  un¬ 
married  missionary  is  allowed. 

In  case  of  a  married  missionary  or  child  the  full  salary  or 
allowance  shall  be  continued  to  the  end  of  the  month,  but  in  the 
case  of  an  unmarried  missionary,  either  man  or  woman,  the 
salary  shall  cease  with  death. 

15.  The  salary  begins  as  a  rule  on  the  arrival  of  missionaries 
at  their  Stations,  and  ends  when  they  leave  their  Stations  on 
their  return  to  this  country,  or  on  the  termination  of  their  con¬ 
nection  with  the  Board.  Salaries  shall  be  paid  to  the  mission¬ 
aries  at  the  end  of  each  month,  so  far  as  practicable,  and  all 
such  accounts  must  be  closed  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year, 
March  31st. 

16.  In  the  case  of  a  missionary  left  a  widower  with  children 
and  keeping  house,  and  of  a  widow  similarly  situated,  the  salary 
shall  be  specially  arranged  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances. 

Term  of  Service  and  Furloughs. 

17.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  service  for 
life,  if  the  Lord  will.  Occasional  furloughs,  however,  are  in 
complete  accord  with  such  service.  The  change  afforded  tends  to 
preserve  or  restore  the  health  and  energies  of  the  missionaries, 
and  their  presence  in  the  churches  at  home  increases  interest  in 
mission  work. 

A  few  familiar  and  well-established  principles  should  be  kept 
in  mind : 

First — Missionaries  live  and  work  amid  conditions  which  are 
not  only  trying  to  health,  but  which  involve  peculiar  nervous 
strain.  It  is  therefore  not  only  desirable,  but  necessary,  that 
they  should  have  occasional  furloughs  in  the  United  States  for 
purposes  of  physical  recuperation,  mental  change  and  spiritual 
reinvigoration. 


12 


Second — The  frequency  with  which  furloughs  should  be  taken 
varies  with  the  degree  of  isolation,  the  healthfulness  of  the 
climate  and  the  vigor  of  the  missionary,  there  being  wide  dif¬ 
ferences  in  these  respects  which  make  any  rigid  and  uniform 
term  of  doubtful  expediency. 

Third — While  the  Board  can  establish  the  approximate  term 
of  service  for  the  country,  there  is  force  in  the  suggestion  which 
has  come  from  the  field  that  the  Mission  itself  can  best  deter¬ 
mine  the  precise  limits  for  the  individual  missionary,  as  it  is 
more  conversant  with  the  physical  condition  of  the  individual 
and  with  the  work  which  will  be  affected  by  his  departure. 

Fourth — The  vastness  of  the  field  and  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  laborers,  the  urgent  importance  of  every  available 
missionary  being  at  his  post,  the  serious  interference  with  the 
work  which  furloughs  necessitate  and  the  additional  burdens 
which  they  lay  upon  already  overworked  colleagues  as  well  as 
their  costliness,  and  the  criticism,  however  unwarranted,  which 
they  frequently  cause  in  this  country,  render  it  desirable  that  the 
furloughs  should  be  limited  to  the  reasonable  necessities  of  each 
case.  It  is  believed  that  increased  facilities  for  intercommunica¬ 
tion,  and  the  extension  of  the  conveniences  of  civilization,  make 
the  lot  of  the  missionary  more  tolerable  than  it  was  a  generation 
ago,  and  that  in  these  circumstances  it  is  not  unreasonable  to 
expect  that  the  tendency  should  be  toward  a  lengthened  rather 
than  toward  a  shortened  term  of  service,  and  a  shortened  rather 
than  a  lengthened  furlough. 

A  missionary  is  not  to  assume  that  he  is  to  take  a  furlough 
at  the  expiration  of  the  minimum  term  of  service  for  his  Mission, 
irrespective  of  his  physical  condition  and  the  needs  of  the  work, 
but  if  he  completes  that  term  of  service  in  the  possession  of  good 
health  he  is  to  remain  for  a  longer  period,  the  Mission  deter¬ 
mining  the  question  as  to  whether  he  shall  return  to  the  United 
States  and  at  what  time,  the  rule  and  expectation  being  that  the 
term  of  office  shall  approximate  a  longer  period.  Inasmuch  as 


13 


the  Board  makes  exceptions  in  the  case  of  missionaries  whose 
health  requires  it,  it  is  felt  that  no  hardship  is  involved  in  thus 
lengthening  the  general  term.  The  hope  is  also  expressed  that 
special  care  will  be  taken  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of 
Paragraph  18  of  the  Manual,  and  that  when  risks  of  climate  in¬ 
terfere  with  the  return  at  the  exact  termination  of  the  term  of 
years  determined  updn  in  accordance  with  the  above  principles, 
there  will  be  thoughtful  consideration  whether  the  requisite  relief 
cannot  be  obtained  by  shortening  rather  than  lengthening  the 
furlough. 

In  cases  where  a  missionary  shall  have  been  on  the  field  longer 
than  the  usual  term,  and  his  wife  for  a  period  shorter  than  the 
term,  or  vice  versa,  it  shall  be  allowable  to  fix  the  minimum  term 
of  service  at  a  medium  or  average  point  for  the  two. 

The  minimum  terms  of  service  and  furloughs  for  the  different 
missions  are  at  present  but  subject  to  change; 

Term — Ten  years. 

Mexico : 

Furlough — One  year  with  full  travel  expenses,  or  an  eight 
months’  furlough  after  eight  years  with  full  travel  expenses,  or 
a  six  months’  furlough  at  the  end  of  five  years  with  travel  ex¬ 
penses  paid  one  way. 

Term — Nine  years. 

Guatemala,  Chile,  South  Brazil : 

Furlough — One  year  with  full  travel  expenses,  or  six  months 
at  the  end  of  five  years  with  travel  expenses  paid  one  way. 

Term — Eight  years. 

Central  China,  East  and  West  Persia,  Hunan,  Japan,  Kiang  an, 
Korea,  North  China,  Syria,  Shantung,  Venezuela: 

Furlough — One  year  with  full  travel  expenses.  Single  women 
in  Japan,  Korea,  North  China  and  Shantung,  seven  years.  Single 
women  in  Central  China,  Hunan  and  Kiang  an,  six  years. 


14 


Punjab,  North  India,  Western  India: 

Furlough — One  year  or  six  months  after  five  and  one-half 
years’  service,  travel  to  be  paid  both  ways. 

Central  Brazil : 

Furlo'ugh — Twelve  months.  Missionaries  may  take,  however, 
ten  months’  furlough  at  end  of  seven  years ;  eight  months  at 
end  of  six  years;  or  may  take  six  months’  furlough  so  arranged 
that  the  preceding  service  period,  the  travel  periods  and  the 
furlough  make  up  five  years.  Travelling  expenses  both  ways,  in 
each  case  to  be  met  by  the  Board. 

Term — Seven  years. 

Central  China,  Hunan  and  Kiang  an. 

Furlough — One  year  after  a  service  of  not  less  than  seven  years 
with  travel  expenses  both  ways,  or  five  months  in  the  United 
States  after  a  term  of  not  less  than  four  years,  the  Board  to 
pay  travel  expenses  one  way. 

Term — Six  years. 

Philippines,  South  China  and  Hainan : 

Furlough — Option  of  one  year’s  furlough  in  addition  to  time  of 
travel  with  expenses  paid  both  ways.  Or  seven  months,  includ¬ 
ing  time  of  travel  after  three  years  with  expenses  paid  one  way; 
with  the  further  option  of  a  furlough  at  the  end  of  the  fourth 
or  fifth  year,  the  duration  of  the  furlough  and  the  expense  de¬ 
frayed  by  the  Board  to  be  allowed  proportionately  to  the  full 
term  of  furlough. 

Hainan,  North  Siam,  South  Siam,  Cerete  and  Cartegena  (Stations 
of  Colombia  Mission)  ; 

Furlough — Option  of  one  year’s  furlough  with  expenses  paid 
both  ways.  Or  six  months,  after  three  years,  with  expenses  paid 
one  way.  In  view  of  the  specially  unfavorable  health  conditions 


15 


at  the  Barranquilla  Station  of  the  Colombia  Mission,  the  mission¬ 
aries  at  that  Station  are  given  a  furlough  of  from  four  to  six 
months,  according  to  the  actual  physical  need  of  the  missionary, 
after  a  term  of  service  of  three  years,  the  Board  to  pay  the 
expenses  both  ways. 

Bogota,  Bucaramanga  and  Medellin  (Stations  of  Colombia 
Mission)  : 

Furlough — Seven  months  in  the  United  States  with  travel  ex¬ 
penses  paid  both  ways. 

Term — Three  years. 

West  Africa: 

Furlough — One  year  including  time  of  travel;  expenses  paid 
both  ways. 

When  a  leave  of  absence  is  taken  during  the  term  of  service 
for  any  other  than  health  emergencies  certified  by  physicians 
and  approved  by  the  Mission,  the  period  of  such  absence,  less  one 
m.onth  for  the  annual  vacation  on  the  field,  shall  be  deducted 
from  the  period  of  absence  authorized  for  that  Mission  for  the 
next  regular  furlough,  or,  if  not  so  deducted,  the  next  full  term 
of  service  shall  be  understood  as  dating  from  the  time  of  return 
to  the  field  after  the  leave  of  absence  referred  to,  unless  the 
missionary  concerned  shall,  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission, 
elect  to  avail  himself  of  the  alternative  described  in  the  Board’s 
action  of  November  7,  1910,  that  when  not  less  than  one-half 
of  the  term  of  service  shall  have  expired  in  Missions  in  the 
tropics  and  not  less  than  two-thirds  in  Missions  in  temperate 
regions,  missionaries  shall  have  the  privilege  of  return  to  America 
for  a  proportionate  part  of  the  regular  furlough,  with  the  pay¬ 
ment  by  the  Board  of  a  proportionate  part  of  the  necessary 
travelling  expenses,  provided  that  the  circumstances  are  approved 
by  the  Mission  and  the  Board  and  provision  for  that  part  of  the 
expenses  which  is  to  be  met  by  the  Board  is  inserted  in  the 
regular  appropriations  for  the  year. 


16 


In  the  case  of  missionaries  taking  short  term  furloughs,  where 
the  Manual  provides  that  the  Board  shall  be  responsible  for  the 
trip  one  way,  it  will  be  understood  that  the  missionary  will  pay 
for  the  trip  from  the  field  to  the  United  States,  the  Board’s  re¬ 
sponsibility  being  for  the  journey  to  the  field. 

In  cases  where  the  Board,  under  the  Manual,  would  pay  a 
larger  proportion  than  one-half  of  the  round  trip,  missionaries 
will  be  expected  to  pay  their  fractional  share  of  the  cost  coming 
to  the  United  States  and  that  of  the  return  journey,  as  provided 
in  the  Manual. 

If  there  are  special  reasons  why  the  missionary  cannot  furnish 
these  proportions  of  the  cost  of  the  journey  to  the  United  States, 
these  should  be  presented,  before  leaving  the  field,  to  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  the  Board  involved. 

18a.  Furloughs,  unless  otherwise  specified,  are  in  addition 
to  the  time  required  for  a  direct  journey  to  and  from  the  field. 
As  furloughs  will  be  extended  by  the  Board  only  for  imperative 
reasons,  great  care  ought  to  be  taken  in  fixing  the  time  of  de¬ 
parture  from  the  field,  so  that  risks  of  climate  may  not  interfere 
with  the  return  at  the  expiration  of  the  year.  The  approximate 
date  of  departure  from  the  field  should  be  fixed  at  regular  meet¬ 
ing  by  the  Mission  and  reported  to  the  Board.  If  it  cannot  be 
fixed  at  a  regular  meeting,  it  should  be  arranged  by  circular 
letter  or  by  the  Executive  Committee.  (See  Par.  41.) 

18b.  The  Board  would  impress  upon  the  Missions  the  impor¬ 
tance  of  their  inserting  provision  for  anticipated  furloughs  in 
their  annual  estimates.  As  special  appropriations  cannot  be  made 
except  in  cases  of  health  emergency,  a  failure  to  incorporate 
travelling  expenses  in  the  estimates  will  ordinarily  be  considered 
an  adequate  reason  for  deferring  a  furlough  till  the  following 
year. 

18c.  Any  other  leave  of  absence  than  the  furlough  thus  pro¬ 
vided  for  will  be  by  vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation  of 
the  Mission,  except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health  does  not 
admit  of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of  the  Mission  will 


17 


be  deemed  sufficient;  the  action  to  be  promptly  reported  to  the 
Board  with  medical  certificate.  The  Board  has  adopted  and 
furnished  the  Missions  with  a  form  of  certificate  for  this  purpose, 
and  the  reception  and  approval  of  these  certificates,  together  with 
the  judgment  of  the  Mission  thereon,  must  precede  the  settlement 
of  the  travelling  account  of  a  missionary  returning  to  the  United 
States,  when  no  provision  has  been  made  for  such  return  in  the 
annual  appropriations.  This  medical  certificate  must  be  signed 
by  the  Board’s  medical  missionary  at  the  Station,  where  there  is 
one.  Where  a  consultation  of  the  medical  missionaries  of  a 
Mission  is  practicable,  it  shall  be  only  on  the  recommendation  of 
such  a  consultation  that  missionaries  shall  be  ordered  home  on 
account  of  ill  health. 

When  missionaries  are  sent  home  from  the  field,  either  at 
their  regular  furlough  periods  or  at  other  times,  on  medical 
advice,  the  Mission  Secretary  is  instructed  to  secure  from  the 
doctor  in  charge  a  full  professional  statement  for  the  guidance 
of  the  Board’s  Medical  Adviser,  or  other  home  physician  who 
will  have  the  case  in  charge  in  the  United  States. 

Missionaries  when  they  arrive  at  home  on  furlough  are  to 
have  a  thorough  medical  examination,  and  a  sufficient  portion 
of  their  furloughs  is  to  be  spent  in  rest  and  recuperation  to  insure 
their  return  to  the  field  in  the  best  physical  condition. 

18d.  The  Board  cannot  assume  the  responsibility  of  bringing 
missionary  families  home  to  the  United  States  on  account  of  the 
health  of  children.  Its  responsibilities  in  the  matter  of  travelling 
expenses  are  defined  in  the  Manual.  It  provides  for  the  regular 
furlough  of  missionaries,  Manual,  Paragraphs  17-18,  for  their 
return  on  account  of  their  own  health  when  required.  Paragraph 
18,  and  when  they  withdraw  from  the  work.  Paragraph  31.  It 
provides  for  the  travelling  expenses  of  children  to  and  from  the 
field,  as  specified  in  Paragraph  34.  Beyond  this  the  Board  feels 
that  it  is  not  proper  to  go  in  the  use  of  Mission  funds  in  provid¬ 
ing  furloughs  and  travelling  expenses  on  account  of  health,  or 
in  the  cases  of  children. 


18 


The  Board  will  interpret  and  apply  these  principles  in  a  just 
and  reasonable  way. 

18e.  The  following  special  rules  for  particular  Missions  shall 
apply  to  the  Missions  designated : 

(a)  The  furlough  shall  not  exceed  one  year  in  addition  to  the 
time  of  travel,  except  as  hereafter  noted. 

(b)  For  the  Persia,  North  China,  Shantung,  Central  China, 
Kiang  an,  Hunan,  Korea  and  Japan  Missions,  where  desired  and 
approved  by  the  Mission,  members  whose  terms  of  service  expire 
before  October  1st  shall  be  allowed  to  leave  on  furlough  during 
July  previous  to  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  service,  returning 
so  as  to  sail  from  America  at  such  time  in  the  late  Summer  of 
the  following  year  that  the  furlough  shall  not  exceed  one  year. 
For  the  South  China,  Hainan,  North  Siam  and  South  Siam 
Missions,  when  it  is  necessary  to  leave  the  field  earlier  than  July, 
missionaries  shall  be  allowed,  if  they  desire  to  do  so,  to  leave  as 
late  as  is  prudent  in  the  Spring  or  Summer  succeeding  the 
Autumn  in  which  their  full  term  of  service  expires,  and  the  length 
of  the  furlough  in  such  cases  shall  be  extended  so  as  to  enable 
them  to  return  at  the  proper  season  of  the  year,  provided  that 
the  furlough  shall  not  exceed  fourteen  months. 

For  the  three  India  Missions,  the  time  for  leaving  the  field 
on  regular  furlough  shall  be  about  the  first  of  April  following 
the  completion  of  the  full  term  of  service  (as  determined  in 
accordance  with  the  foregoing  principles),  and  the  time  for 
leaving  the  United  States  in  returning  to  India  after  the  furlough 
shall  be  about  the  middle  of  September  of  the  following  year, 
the  date  of  departure  from  the  field  to  be  fixed  by  the  Mission 
in  accordance  with  Paragraph  18  of  the  Manual. 

Intermediate  Furloughs. 

After  a  half  term  of  service,  wherever  it  is  desirable  to  grant 
intermediate  furloughs,  the  Board  shall  bear  such  a  proportion  of 
the  travelling  expenses  as  the  time  already  spent  on  the  field  sus¬ 
tains  to  the  full  term  of  service.  The  total  absence  from  the 


19 


field,  including  both  furlough  and  time  of  travel,  shall  not  exceed 
the  proportion  of  the  regular  furlough  and  time  of  travel  which 
the  time  spent  on  the  field  sustains  to  the  full  term  of  service,  and 
a  new  term  of  service  shall  begin  with  the  return  to  the  field. 
No  intermediate  furlough  shall  be  taken,  however,  unless  the  cir¬ 
cumstances  are  approved  by  the  Mission  and  Board  and  provision 
for  that  part  of  the  expense  which  is  to  be  met  by  the  Board  is 
inserted  in  the  regular  estimates  of  the  year, 

18f.  On  short  term  furloughs  when  expenses  are  paid  by  the 
Board  only  one  way,  the  home  allowance  is  continued  during  the 
way  the  expenses  are  not  paid  by  the  Board. 

Place  of  Furlough, 

19.  As  furloughs,  while  primarily  contemplating  the  health 
of  the  missionary,  have  reference  also  to  the  advantage  of  the 
Mission  cause  in  the  Church  at  home,  it  is  desirable  that  they  be 
spent  in  the  United  States.  Any  missionary  wishing  to  spend 
part  of  the  furlough  in  foreign  countries  is  expected  to  cor¬ 
respond  with  the  Board  with  reference  to  the  time  to  be  so  spent 
and  the  date  at  which  the  home  allowance  shall  begin.  (See 
Paragraphs  18,  23.) 

As  the  Board  pays  the  travel  expense  to  the  home  of  the  mis¬ 
sionary  it  is  necessary  that  the  domicile  be  stated  when  rendering 
the  travel  account  and  that  the  journey  thereto  be  according  to 
the  provision  of  Paragraph  12. 

If  the  missionary  has  no  settled  home  in  the  United  States, 
then  the  domicile  shall  be  considered  that  place  at  which  he 
spends  the  greater  part  of  his  furlough,  and  not  the  farthest 
point  to  which  he  may  travel  in  making  visits  among  relatives, 
friends  or  churches. 

Travelling  on  Furlough. 

20.  When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted,  the  Board  de¬ 
frays  the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct  route  from 
his  Station  to  the  home  of  the  missionary  in  this  country.  The 


20 


alternative  proposition  of  §  12,  regarding  journey  to  the  field,  is 
available  for  the  home  journey  as  well.  (See  §  §  18,  19,  23.) 
One  measured  ton  of  freight,  without  customs  duties,  is  allowed 
each  adult  and  one-half  ton  for  each  child,  and  100  pounds  of 
excess  baggage  on  railroad  lines. 

A  freight  allowance  is  not  granted  unless  goods  are  actually 
shipped,  and  an  “out  and  out  allowance”  for  freight  is  made 
only  when  goods  are  shipped  by  some  other  than  the  direct  and 
cheapest  route,  in  which  case  the  allowance  is  the  estimated 
cost  by  such  direct  and  cheapest  route  of  the  quantity  of  freight 
actually  shipped. 

In  returning  to  the  field  after  furlough  the  same  rules  apply 
as  in  coming  to  this  country. 

21.  Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made  on 
the  most  economical  basis  consistent  with  comfort  and  safety, 
and  wherever  possible  by  the  Mission  Treasurer  through  ac¬ 
credited  agents  of  the  Board.  Missionaries  should  obtain  from 
the  Mission  Treasurer  copies  of  the  Travel  Manual  with  full 
detailed  instructions. 

22.  Missionaries  in  returning  home  should  in  every  case  bring 
a  regular  clearance  sheet  showing  balance  in  personal  account, 
if  any,  date  to  which  salary  and  children’s  allowance  was  paid, 
amount  advanced  for  travel  and  advance  made  on  home  salary, 
if  any.  As  soon  as  possible  after  arriving  in  New  York  they 
should  report  at  the  Mission  House.  Should  they  arrive  at  any 
other  port,  they  should  at  once  send  to  the  Treasurer  a  full 
statement  of  travelling  expenses;  also  home  address. 

Home  Allowance. 

23.  The  allowance  while  at  home  shall  be  $1,200  per  annum 
to  a  husband  and  wife,  and  $600  to  an  unmarried  man,  to  an  un¬ 
married  woman,  and  to  a  wife  whose  husband  remains  on  the 
field.  These  sums  may  be  supplemented  in  cases  of  special  need. 
Missionaries  may,  at  their  discretion,  draw  one  month's  home 
allowance  from  the  Mission  Treasurer  prior  to  leaving  the  field, 


21 


or  from  the  Treasurer  in  New  York  upon  arriving  in  the  United 
States. 

The  home  allowance  begins  when  the  payment  of  travelling 
expenses  from  the  field  ceases,  and  ends  when  the  payment  of 
travelling  expenses  to  the  field  begins;  or  whenever  the  alterna¬ 
tive  offered  in  the  second  sentence  of  Paragraph  12  is  accepted, 
the  home  allowance  shall  begin  at  the  time  the  missionary  would 
have  reached  his  home  in  this  country  by  a  direct  route.  And 
the  same  principle  shall  be  applied  when  the  journey  is  toward 
the  field. 

The  home  allowance  of  widows  and  widowers  with  children 
shall  be  presumptively  that  of  unmarried  missionaries,  with  the 
understanding  that  these  amounts  may  be  supplemented  if  this 
is  found  to  be  necessary. 

Home  allowance  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  for  one 
year,  except  as  serious  physical  disability,  certified  to  by  a  com¬ 
petent  physician,  may  call  for  a  longer  period,  or  in  case  of 
missionaries  connected  with  Missions  where  the  Board  has  pro¬ 
vided  a  longer  period  of  furlough  as  in  Paragraph  18. 

Work  at  Home. 

24.  It  is  expected  that  missionaries  while  in  the  United  States 
will  avail  themselves  of  all  reasonable  opportunities  to  arouse 
the  zeal  and  interest  of  individuals  and  organizations  in  the 
mission  work.  The  interests  of  the  work  as  a  whole,  however, 
require  that  no  effort  should  be  made  to  secure  funds  for  any 
object  not  approved  by  the  Board.  (See  §  48.) 

The  Board  defrays  the  travelling  expenses  of  missionaries 
visiting  ecclesiastical  bodies  or  churches  in  this  country  at  its 
request,  when  the  expenses  are  not  otherwise  paid. 

Extension  of  Furlough. 

25.  For  satisfactory  reasons  the  furlough  may  be  extended, 
but  at  the  end  of  the  time  agreed  upon,  if  the  consent  of  the 
Board  is  not  given,  payment  of  salary  and  other  expenses  will 


22 


be  discontinued,  and  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  the  connection 
of  the  missionary  with  the  Board  will  be  terminated,  unless  in 
special  cases.  (See  §  18.) 

Vacations  on  the  Field. 

26.  Such  brief  vacations  on  the  field  as  may  be  necessary  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  Mission  force  are  to  be  determined  both 
as  to  time  and  length  by  the  Missions,  on  the  basis  of  plans  sub¬ 
mitted  by  the  Missions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

The  Board  provides  sanitariums  in  some  Missions  where 
climatic  and  other  conditions  render  them  necessary  to  health, 
but  it  deems  it  inexpedient  to  pay  travelling  expenses  to  or  from 
such  sanitariums  save  in  cases  of  special  urgency,  to  be  de¬ 
termined  after  correspondence  with  the  Board  touching  the  merits 
of  each  case. 

Medical  Expenses. 

27.  At  Stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring  under 
commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  regarded  as  the  physicians 
of  the  missionary  families  connected  with  the  Board,  to  render 
service  to  them  without  charge,  and  the  Board  does  not  engage 
to  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  seeking  medical  aid 
elsewhere.  Where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  or  other 
physician,  the  Board  will  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in 
reaching  or  obtaining  the  nearest  competent  physician  or  surgeon. 
At  Stations  where  there  is  no  medical  missionary  of  the  Board 
an  allowance  for  medical  attendance  will  be  made,  the  amount 
to  be  included  in  the  estimates  as  a  Station  appropriation.  When 
in  exceptional  cases  this  amount  is  necessarily  exceeded  an  appli¬ 
cation  in  regular  form  for  special  appropriation  may  be  made 
to  the  Board.  No  medical  allowance  can  be  made  for  missionaries 
on  furlough  in  the  United  States,  except  in  circumstances  of 
extraordinary  necessity. 


23 


Knowledge  of  the  Vernacular. 

28.  The  ability  to  read,  but  especially  to  speak,  the  native 
language,  is  an  indispensable  qualification  for  missionary  service. 
To  aid  in  securing  this  each  Mission  is  required,  through  com¬ 
petent  committees,  to  examine  all  new  missionaries  at  the  close 
of  the  first  and  second  years  of  service,  and  at  such  other  times 
as  the  Mission  may  deem  wise,  as  to  their  knowledge  of  the 
native  tongue,  and  to  report  the  result  to  the  Board.  (See  §  § 
36,  39.)  As  a  rule  those  who,  after  fair  trial,  are  unable  to 
master  the  language  of  the  people  among  whom  they  labor  will 
not  be  continued  in  commission. 

Personal  teachers  will  be  provided  for  all  missionaries  for  a 
period  not  exceeding  three  years,  with  the  understanding — 

1.  That  if  the  requisite  examinations  are  passed  before  this, 
and  a  teacher  is  not  needed,  his  employment  ceases. 

2.  That  as  a  rule,  and  save  with  Mission  approval  for  the 
exception,  one  teacher  shall  suffice  for  a  man  and  wife.  That  in 
Missions  where  a  subsequent  or  “high  efficiency”  examination 
is  provided,  teachers  shall  be  supplied  for  those  who  under¬ 
take  this. 

3.  In  other  Missions,  where  it  is  deemed  advisable  by  the 
Mission  that  language  study  should  continue  beyond  the  three 
years  above  provided  for,  personal  teachers  shall  be  supplied,  one 
for  each  two  missionaries  pursuing  such  studies  where  combina¬ 
tion  is  possible. 

4.  In  no  case  shall  personal  teachers  be  provided  for  more 
than  five  years,  without  special  authority  from  the  Board. 

5.  Writers  or  copyists  may  be  provided  for  missionaries  em¬ 
ployed  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission  in  literary  work,  where 
such  are  needed. 

In  Missions  where  it  is  necessary  to  learn  a  second  language 
the  above  rules  shall  apply  afresh  in  the  case  of  the  second 
language  and  the  employment  of  a  teacher  therefor. 


24 


Remuneration  for  Outside  Work. 

29.  The  missionary  while  in  connection  with  the  Board  will 
give  his  time  and  strength  to  the  work  of  Foreign  Missions  under 
the  general  direction  of  the  Mission,  and  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  Manual.  If,  with  the  express  sanction  of  the 
Mission  and  the  Board,  he  shall  temporarily  undertake  work  not 
under  the  care  of  the  Board,  any  sum  of  money  paid  for  such 
work  shall  be  turned  into  the  treasury  of  the  Mission  and  re¬ 
ported  to  the  Board,  except  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission 
and  the  explicit  consent  of  the  Board  to  the  contrary.  Where 
the  regular  work  is  a  source  of  revenue,  such  as  medical  fees,  etc., 
the  amount  received  shall  be  similarly  reported.  (See  §  45.) 

Pensions. 

30.  No  pensions  are  allowed  under  any  circumstances;  but 
if  missionaries  when  aged  and  infirm  remain  in  the  field  with  the 
approval  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  their  salaries  shall  be 
continued  because  of  such  service  as  they  may  be  able  to  render 
and  the  good  influence  of  their  Christian  example,  counsels  and 
prayers.  All  other  cases  naturally  fall  within  the  scope  of  the 
Board  of  Ministerial  Relief.  (See  §  §  31,  32.) 

Withdrawals  from  Service. 

31.  In  the  event  of  withdrawal  from  missionary  service  for 
reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  it  will  defray  the 
expenses  of  the  journey  to  this  country,  provided  said  journey 
be  made  within  a  year  from  the  date  of  withdrawal,  and  may 
make  a  grant  of  funds  to  meet  present  exigencies  in  cases  of 
special  need.  If  further  assistance  is  required  after  his  return 
and  his  ceasing  to  be  connected  with  the  Board,  the  case  of  the 
ordained  missionary  and  h’s  family  falls  within  the  province  of 
the  Ministerial  Relief  Fund  of  the  General  Assembly  in  common 
with  the  cases  of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  in  this  country  in 
like  circumstances. 


26 


32.  The  General  Assembly  in  1885  extended  the  privilege  of 
the  Relief  Fund  to  “women  who  have  given  themselves  to  the 
missionary  work,”  on  the  same  condition  as  to  ministers,  and  in 
1889  extended  the  same  privilege  to  “lay  missionaries  commis¬ 
sioned  by  the  Foreign  Board.” 

Children  of  Missionaries. 

33.  An  allowance  of  $100  per  annum  is  made  for  each  child 
under  ten  years  of  age,  and  $150  per  annum  between  the  ages  of 
ten  and  twenty.  In  the  West  Africa  Mission  the  allowance  for 
missionaries’  children  under  ten  years  of  age  is  $150  when  the 
children  are  in  this  country  and  the  parents  are  on  the  field. 
This  grant  ceases  when  the  missionary  ceases  to  be  connected 
with  the  Board,  but  if  required,  and  so  long  as  necessary,  is  con¬ 
tinued  within  the  same  age  limits  to  the  children  of  a  missionary 
who  may  have  died  in  the  service.  If  at  any  time  the  allowances 
to  the  children  of  such  deceased  missionary  are  no  longer  needed 
for  the  support  of  the  child,  they  shall  cease  to  be  drawn.  The 
Board  cannot  provide  children’s  allowance  in  case  of  the  adopted 
children  of  missionaries,  and  the  amount  of  children’s  allowance 
to  be  paid  to  any  one  missionary  family  in  a  single  year  shall  not 
exceed  $650. 

34.  The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the 
children  of  missionaries  to  this  country  under  the  age  of  eighteen, 
provided  that  the  number  of  single  trips  of  any  child  between 
this  country  and  the  foreign  field  for  which  the  Board  shall  be 
responsible  shall  not  exceed  five ;  but  it  does  not  engage  to  meet 
the  expense  of  their  return  after  the  age  of  sixteen  to  the 
country  from  which  they  came  unless  they  go  out  as  missionaries 
under  appointment  by  the  Board. 

35.  The  Board  counsels  missionaries  that  when  practicable 
and  expedient,  their  children  should  be  placed  in  the  immediate 
charge  of  relatives  or  friends,  in  order  that  the  Homes  at 
Wooster,  Ohio,  provided  through  the  generosity  of  Christian 
friends,  may  be  available  for  those  who  need  them  most.  These 


26 


Homes  are  under  the  direction  of  a  Board  of  Managers,  re¬ 
sponsible  to  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Children  are  ad¬ 
mitted  by  a  vote  of  the  Managers,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Board,  at  a  cost  of  $175  per  annum,  for  boarding  and  home. 
This  amount  is  paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions.  In  any  case,  the  Board  does  not  assume  any 
responsibility  for  missionaries’  children  beyond  doing  everything 
in  its  power  to  aid  the  parents  in  making  satisfactory  ar¬ 
rangements. 

Right  to  Recall. 

36.  The  Board  reserves  the  right  of  recalling  missionaries  or 
of  revoking  their  appointment  for  sufficient  reasons,  which  are 
to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly, 
with  the  minutes  of  the  Board.  When  the  usefulness  of  any 
missionary  is  open  to  serious  question  on  the  field  in  which  he 
has  been  laboring,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Mission  to  make 
proper  investigation  and  to  report  its  judgment  to  the  Board. 
(See  §  28.)  After  the  connection  of  missionaries  with  the  Board 
has  been  terminated,  no  payments  of  money  on  their  account  will 
be  made  unless  by  special  agreement. 

THE  PRESBYTERY. 

37.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  to  magnify  the  Presbytery, 
and  to  have  such  parts  of  the  work  committed  to  its  direction 
and  control  as  the  Mission,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  may 
deem  wise  from  time  to  time,  looking  to  the  speedy  establishment 
of  a  self-supporting  and  self-propagating  native  Church. 

The  Board  cannot  provide  travelling  or  other  expenses  for 
natives  or  missionaries  in  connection  with  the  ecclesiastical  meet¬ 
ings  of  the  native  Churches,  e.  g.,  Presbytery  and  Synod. 

38.  With  reference  to  the  relations  of  the  Missions  and  native 
Churches  and  Presbyteries  attention  is  called  to  the  action  of  the 
General  Assembly,  Minutes  of  1898,  page  73. 


27 


“That  in  the  judgment  of  the  Assembly  the  best  results  of 
Mission  Work  in  Brazil  and  other  foreign  fields  will  be  attained 
only  when  right  lines  of  distinction  are  observed  between  the 
functions  of  the  native  Churches  and  the  functions  of  the  foreign 
Missions;  the  Missions  contributing  to  the  establishment  of  the 
native  Churches  and  looking  forward  to  passing  on  into  the 
regions  beyond  when  their  work  is  done,  and  the  native  Churches 
growing  up  with  an  independent  identity  from  the  beginning, 
administering  their  own  contributions  and  resources  unentangled 
with  any  responsibility  for  the  administration  of  the  Missions  or 
of  the  funds  committed  to  the  Missions.” 

THE  MISSION. 

Mission. 

39.  In  general  a  Mission  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries 
under  appointment  by  the  Board  within  specified  territorial  limits. 
For  the  transaction  of  business  the  men  are  regarded  as  consti¬ 
tuting  the  administrative  force  of  the  Mission.  The  women  of 
the  Mission,  however,  who  are  actively  engaged  in  Mission  work 
(the  Mission  to  determine  when  this  condition  is  met),  are  en¬ 
titled  to  vote  on  what  is  known  as  Woman’s  Work.  Each  Mis¬ 
sion  has  authority,  also,  should  it  so  desire,  to  extend  the  right  of 
voting  on  all  questions  to  the  women  of  the  Mission.  No  mis¬ 
sionary  shall  have  a  right  to  vote  until  after  one  year’s  service 
in  connection  with  the  Mission,  and  until  he  shall  have  passed 
the  language  examinations  appointed  for  the  first  year.  (See 
§  28.) 

The  wives  of  missionaries  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
Paragraphs  28  and  39  of  the  Manual  withholding  from  mission¬ 
aries  the  right  to  vote  until  they  have  passed  the  language  exam¬ 
inations  for  the  first  year. 

Powers  of  the  Mission. 

40.  The  Mission  has  the  general  care  and  supervision  of  all 
work  within  its  limits.  All  questions  of  policy,  method  and  ex- 


28 


penditure  are  subject  to  its  judgment,  and  all  requests  requiring 
the  action  of  the  Board  should  be  accompanied  by  the  action  of 
the  Mission  upon  them.  Tours  of  exploration  or  any  unusual 
work  should  be  undertaken  only  with  the  advice  of  the  Mission. 

The  Mission  assigns  and  in  general  supervises  the  work  of  in¬ 
dividual  missionaries,  to  the  end  that  all  forms  of  labor  may 
have  the  benefit  of  united  counsel  and  may  promote  the  interests 
of  the  work  as  a  whole.  It  is  proper,  of  course,  that  the  views 
of  all  missionaries  regarding  their  location  and  work  should  be 
heard  and  fully  considered,  and  if  any  missionary  shall  be  dis¬ 
satisfied  with  the  action  of  the  Mission,  an  appeal  to  the  Board 
for  final  decision  can  be  made. 

Executive  Committee. 

41.  Any  Mission  may  at  its  annual  meeting  appoint  an  Execu¬ 
tive  Committee,  ad  interim,  to  have  authority  to  indorse  as  ap¬ 
proved  any  request  to  the  Board.  All  actions  submitted  to  this 
Committee  must  have  the  approval  of  the  proper  Station  or 
Stations.  (See  §  §  48,  50.) 

Any  Mission  may  commit  to  its  Executive  Committee,  if  it 
desires,  the  discharge  of  any  of  the  functions  and  duties  of  the 
Mission  as  defined  in  the  Manual. 

Mission  Meetings. 

42.  The  Mission  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  and  be  gov¬ 
erned  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  Church  judicatories,  so  far  as 
applicable,  and  it  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  its  proceedings, 
copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  soon  after  each  meet¬ 
ing.  On  questions  involving  requests  for  appropriations,  the  ex¬ 
penditure  of  funds  and  the  location,  transfer  or  retirement  of 
missionaries,  a  two-thirds  vote  shall  be  required.  In  all  other 
cases  a  majority  shall  decide.  The  travelling  expenses  to  Mission 
meetings  shall  be  met  (unless  under  peculiar  circumstances)  only 
for  those  who  are  voting  members,  and  those  who  have  not  com¬ 
pleted  their  first  year  of  service.  (See  §  39.) 


29 


Missions  and  missionaries  in  transmitting  matters  requiring 
Board  action  are  requested  to  transmit  them  in  strictly  business 
communications,  distinct  from  matters  of  general  missionary  in¬ 
terest.  After  each  Mission  meeting  the  Secretary  of  the  Mission 
shall  make  a  separate  list  of  such  acts  of  the  Mission  meeting  as 
may  require  Board  action,  and  transmit  them  as  promptly  as 
possible  to  the  Board  in  a  separate  communication. 

Literary  Work. 

43.  Literary  work,  such  as  translating  and  the  preparation  of 
religious  and  educational  books,  should  be  undertaken  only  with 
the  consent  or  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission,  and  by  persons 
adjudged  to  be  most  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  language. 
All  translations  of  the  Scriptures  are  to  be  governed  by  the 
action  of  the  Board  (April  16,  1894). 

“Inasmuch  as  the  rules  of  both  the  American  Bible  Society  and 
the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  authorize  only  such  devia¬ 
tions  from  the  textus  receptus  as  are  sanctioned  by  the  English  or 
the  American  Revision  Committees  of  1881,  it  was 

“Resolved,  That  these  limitations  and  exceptions  be  applied 
to  all  translations  made  under  the  authority  of  the  Board;  any 
specific  questions  which  may  arise  on  minor  points  to  be  sub¬ 
mitted  to  the  Committee  on  Versions  of  the  American  Bible 
Society.” 

Estimates. 

44.  At  the  annual  meeting  the  Mission  shall  prepare  a  careful 
estimate  of  the  probable  necessary  expenses  of  its  work  for  the 
year  beginning  on  the  1st  of  April  following  the  date  of  annual 
meeting.  Where  there  is  more  than  one  Station  in  a  Mission, 
each  Station  shall  prepare  its  estimates  to  be  submitted  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Mission  for  detailed  consideration  and 
recommendation,  as  the  Board  requires  the  judgment  of  the 
Mission  on  all  the  estimates  of  each  Station.  It  is  specially  de¬ 
sired  that  in  recommending  appropriations  for  new  work,  such  as 


30 


the  sending  out  of  new  missionaries,  the  purchase  of  property, 
erection  of  buildings,  etc.,  the  Mission  shall  indicate  the  order  of 
their  importance. 

The  estimates  should  indicate  first  what  is  needed  for  the  work 
of  the  ensuing  year,  the  amount  not  to  exceed  the  grant  of  the 
year  preceding  that  for  which  the  estimate  is  made,  and,  secondly, 
if  more  is  required,  how  the  Mission  would  spend  the  desired 
increase. 

The  estimates  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in  charge 
of  the  correspondence,  and  will  be  acted  upon  by  the  Board  as 
promptly  as  possible.  Pending  such  action  the  Mission  is  author¬ 
ized  to  proceed  with  all  expenditures  included  under  the  first 
class,  and  the  Treasurer  will  remit  accordingly,  but  may  not  enter 
upon  the  expenditures  included  in  the  second  class  without 
authority  from  the  Board. 

Each  Station  in  preparing  its  estimates  shall  consult  with  the 
proper  agents  of  the  native  Church  so  as  to  secure  its  proper 
share  in,  and  responsibility  for,  the  support  of  all  evangelistic  and 
educational  work.  The  amount  given  by  the  native  Church  and 
the  amount  of  help  asked  from  the  Board  shall  be  clearly  stated. 

45.  In  case  any  work  is  partially  supported  by  receipts  upon 
the  field,  the  estimated  receipts  shall  be  carefully  stated,  and  also 
the  estimated  expenses,  and  only  that  amount  shall  be  asked  which 
is  needed  to  meet  the  estimated  deficit.  Should  the  actual  receipts 
fall  below  the  estimated  receipts,  the  Board  will  grant  at  the 
close  of  the  year  whatever  is  needed  to  meet  the  obligations 
authorized,  the  Mission  or  Station  Treasurers  to  report  promptly 
any  need  thus  arising.  Should  the  actual  receipts  exceed  the 
estimated  receipts,  the  gain  shall  accrue  to  the  Treasury  of  the 
Board,  save  that  when  the  excess  is  due  to  an  unforeseen  enlarge¬ 
ment  of  the  work,  due,  for  example,  to  more  paying  pupils  in  the 
school  or  patients  in  the  hospital,  it  shall  be  allowable  to  apply 
so  much  of  the  excess  as  is  necessary  to  meet  the  increased  cost 
of  the  work,  due  to  this  enlargement.  But  this  shall  not  be  un- 


31 


derstood  to  entail  upon  the  Board  any  obligation  to  increase  the 
grants  from  its  Treasury  for  the  work. 

46.  The  appropriations  made  by  the  Board  will  always  be  in 
the  currency  of  the  country  for  which  they  are  made,  save  in  the 
matter  of  missionaries’  salaries  and  children’s  allowances  and 
items  of  expenditure  in  this  country. 

47.  As  the  Board  must  render  annual  reports  to  the  Church 
of  its  expenditures  on  the  foreign  field,  the  various  Missions 
must  consider  each  year’s  appropriations  as  available  only  during 
the  year  for  which  they  are  made. 

Liberty  of  Transfer. 

48.  Any  Mission  or  Station  is  at  liberty  to  make  necessary 
transfers  in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the  Board, 
within  any  one  class,  except  within  the  following :  “Missionaries 
on  Field,”  “Missionaries  not  on  Field,”  “New  Missionaries,^’  and 
“New  Property.”  When  necessary,  transfers  from  one  class  to 
another  may  also  be  made  within  the  fiscal  year,  if  approved  by 
the  Mission  or  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Mission.  In 
allowing  this  liberty  of  transfer,  the  Board  does  so  upon  the  fol¬ 
lowing  conditions : 

First — That  each  Mission  will  be  responsible  for  bringing  its 
expenditures  for  the  year  within  its  appropriations,  and  that  any 
overdrafts  will  be  charged  against  the  appropriations  for  the 
ensuing  year,  this  being  necessary  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the 
Board  will  not  have  at  its  disposal  now  the  unused  appropriations 
which  it  has  heretofore  been  able  to  use  to  provide  for  such 
deficits. 

Second — That  where,  at  the  end  of  the  year,  any  Mission 
closes  its  accounts  with  a  balance,  this  balance  shall  be  reported 
to  the  Board  and  be  applied  toward  meeting  the  appropriations 
for  the  new  year,  reducing  by  so  much  the  amount  to  be  sent  out 
from  New  York. 

Third — That  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  Board  now  to  set 
aside  in  its  budget  at  the  beginning  of  each  year  an  estimated 
amount  to  cover  the  emergency  health  returns  of  missionaries 


32 


during  the  year.  This  item  will,  of  course,  reduce  the  amount 
available  in  the  budget  for  appropriations  directly  to  the  Missions, 
but  is  necessitated  by  the  large  expenditure  incurred  on  this 
account,  toward  which  heretofore  the  Board  has  had  as  an  offset 
any  savings  on  the  Mission  appropriations. 

This  provision  for  transfers  from  class  to  class  does  not  apply 
to  classes  “Missionaries  on  Field,”  “Missionaries  not  on  Field,” 
“New  Missionaries,”  and  “New  Property.” 

In  adjusting  the  appropriations  to  the  necessities  of  the  work 
on  the  field  the  only  items  which  the  Board  exempts  from  re¬ 
duction  or  transfer  are  those  in  Classes  I,  II,  III  and  VIII,  and 
such  specific  items  in  other  classes  as  may  be  exempted  by  a 
special  action  of  the  Board.  All  other  appropriations  are  within 
the  rules  of  this  Manual,  subject  to  such  readjustment  by  the 
Missions  as  the  exigencies  of  the  field  situation  may  require.  It 
is,  of  course,  expected  that  the  Mission  will  take  into  due  con¬ 
sideration  any  association  of  particular  objects  with  special 
givers  in  this  country,  and  it  will  not  needlessly  disturb  such 
relations.  But,  if  in  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  the  interests 
of  the  work  are  seriously  involved,  the  Board  will  support  the 
Mission  in  assigning  to  such  objects  their  proportionate  share 
of  any  reduction,  and  the  Board  will  take  up  with  the  givers  at 
home  any  difficulties  which  may  arise. 

Special  Appeals. 

49.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should  be 
so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from  the  field  to  Churches, 
Sabbath-schools,  societies  or  individuals  for  special  gifts.  Such 
applications  involve  unjust  discriminations  in  favor  of  some 
Missions  and  missionaries,  subordinate  the  judgment  of  the 
Mission  to  private  judgment,  interfere  with  the  regular  income 
of  the  Board,  and  if  right  for  one  are  right  for  all,  and  so 
militate  against  the  purpose  of  the  Church  in  the  establishment 
of  the  Board.  It  is  expected  that  each  missionary  will  aid 
in  raising  the  large  amount  required  for  the  work  formally 


33 


recommended  by  the  Missions  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

Missionaries  are  requested  to  refer  to  the  Secretaries  in  New 
York  all  requests  for  special  objects,  as  such  questions  are  given 
systematic  attention. 

All  money  not  paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  but 
received  for  the  work  by  the  missionaries  from  Churches  or 
other  organizations  or  from  individuals,  should  be  reported 
through  the  Mission  Treasurers.  The  Board  feels  that  wherever 
consistent  with  the  will  of  the  donor,  such  gifts  should  be 
applied  to  the  regular  budget  of  authorized  expenditures  for  the 
year  until  this  has  been  wholly  met.  But  if  this  is  not  allowable, 
the  Board  considers  it  but  just  to  the  Church  and  to  the  givers 
themselves  and  to  the  work  as  a  whole,  that  all  gifts  going  out 
to  the  field  should  be  reported  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  the 
Mission  Treasurer  should  make  report  to  the  Board,  showing: 

(a)  All  gifts  passing  through  his  hands  for  special  purposes. 

(b)  As  far  as  possible,  all  gifts  not  passing  through  his  hands, 
but  received  and  expended  by  individual  missionaries  for  the 
work. 

Special  Appropriations. 

so.  After  the  estimates  are  sent  to  the  Board,  special  re¬ 
quests  for  grants  cannot  be  entertained  except  in  extraordinary 
circumstances.  When  such  cases  arise  during  the  year  calling 
for  extra  appropriations,  they  should  be  submitted  to  the  Mission, 
either  at  a  Mission  meeting  or  by  circular  letter — [The  approval 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  any  Mission  will  be  adequate 
when  such  a  committee  exists.  (See  §  41)] — and  forwarded  to 
the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the  Mission’s 
recommendation.  The  blanks  furnished  for  this  purpose  by  the 
Board  should  be  used. 

Supreme  Aim  of  Work. 

51.  The  great  end  of  missionary  life  and  service  is  the 
preaching  of  Christ  crucified.  All  forms  of  work  must  be 


34 


subordinate  to  this  end,  and  all  methods  of  missionary  effort, 
medical,  educational,  industrial,  etc.,  will  be  sanctioned  and 
supported  by  the  Board  only  as  they  contribute  to  a  wider  and 
more  effective  proclamation  of  the  Gospel  and  give  promise 
of  vital  missionary  results. 

Property. 

52.  No  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  sold,  nor  any  building 
erected  for  the  Board,  without  its  sanction.  None  of  its  prop¬ 
erty  is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt.  All  property 
given  or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once  transferred  to  it, 
or  be  held  in  trust  for  it. 

Gifts  on  the  field  or  from  sources  outside  of  the  Board’s 
Treasury  for  the  erection  of  buildings  on  the  property  of  the 
Board,  or  for  enlarging  or  improving  buildings  already  in  use, 
or  for  acquiring  new  property,  should  be  reported  to  the  Board, 
and  before  these  gifts  are  expended  full  plans  of  the  improve¬ 
ments  contemplated  should  be  submitted  to  the  Board  for  its 
approval. 

Title  deeds  of  all  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the  way 
required  by  the  government  within  whose  territory  the  Mission 
is  located.  All  repairs  on  buildings  shall  be  included  in  the  gen¬ 
eral  estimates,  and  no  enlargement  or  alteration  involving  expense 
shall  be  made  without  the  concurrence  of  the  Mission  or  the 
Property  Committee,  and,  if  amounting  to  more  than  $100,  the 
sanction  of  the  Board. 

Each  year  all  Stations  should  forward  to  the  Treasurer  in  New 
York,  upon  the  property  blanks  furnished  for  such  purpose,  all 
details  of  new  property  acquired,  or  buildings  erected,  so  that 
the  Board’s  files  may  be  kept  up  to  date. 

It  is  important  that  photographs  and  plans  of  these  buildings 
and  diagrams  of  the  land  be  sent  with  the  property  blanks. 

Missionaries  who  expend  funds  belonging  to  the  Board,  or  who 
in  any  way  involve  the  Board  in  property  or  financial  obligations. 


35 


without  its  consent,  will  be  held  personally  responsible  for  the 
amount. 

Property  Committee. 

53.  Each  Mission  shall,  at  its  annual  meeting,  appoint  a 
Property  Committee,  without  whose  approval,  in  addition  to 
the  Board’s  appropriation,  no  plans  shall  be  adopted  nor  any 
land  purchased,  and  who  shall  have  general  supervision  of  the 
erection  of  all  buildings.  Copies  of  all  plans  approved  by  this 
committee  shall  be  forwarded  as  soon  as  possible  to  the  Treas¬ 
urer  of  the  Board. 

Sale  and  Rent. 

54.  Property  not  in  use  and  not  likely  to  be  needed  for  mis¬ 
sionary  purposes  should  be  disposed  of  promptly,  or  as  soon  as 
a  fair  price  can  be  obtained.  Sales  are  to  be  authorized  by  the 
Missions  or  Property  Committees  on  terms  approved  by  them 
and  confirmed,  in  cases  of  real  estate,  by  the  Board.  The  pro¬ 
ceeds  of  such  sales  should  be  credited  to  the  Board  and  reported 
at  once.  Where  property  unused  by  the  Mission  cannot  be  sold, 
it  should  be  rented  as  advantageously  as  possible  and  the  pro¬ 
ceeds  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  in  such  cases  the 
character  of  the  tenant  and  the  proposed  use  of  the  property  to 
be  carefully  considered. 

Printing  Presses. 

55.  No  printing  establishment  or  press  shall  be  erected  without 
the  express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  Board,  and  no  printing 
establishment  of  the  Board  shall  be  used  for  private  work  or 
for  any  missionary  publications  except  under  authorization  of 
the  Mission ;  and  letters,  tracts,  or  appeals  printed  at  these 
establishments  at  the  expense  of  the  Board,  with  a  view  to  their 
being  sent  to  individuals  or  communities  in  the  United  States, 
must  have  the  authorization  of  the  Board.  The  Board  has 


36 


adopted  special  regulations  governing  the  operation  of  all  Mis¬ 
sion  Printing  Presses. 

Station. 

56.  A  Station  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries  appointed 
by  the  Board  within  certain  limits  prescribed  by  the  Mission ; 
its  voting  members  to  be  determined  by  the  Mission  in  con¬ 
formity  with  the  principles  of  §  39.  Each  Station  shall  have 
control  of  the  missionary  work  within  its  field,  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  Mission.  New  Stations  can  be  established  only  by 
action  of  the  Board,  on  recommendation  of  the  Mission.  The 
force  assigned  to  such  Stations  should,  if  possible,  include  one 
missionary  of  experience. 

Mission  and  Station  Secretaries. 

57.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall  choose  for  itself  a 
Secretary,  to  be  changed  as  seldom  as  possible,  the  names  to  be 
reported  to  the  Board,  whose  duties  shall  be  to  receive  and 
keep  files  of  all  official  correspondence  addressed  to  Missions 
and  Stations,  to  receive  and  distribute  all  report  forms  and  see 
that  they  and  all  minutes  and  reports  provided  for  in  the  Manual 
are,  in  proper  form  and  season,  returned  to  the  Secretary  in 
charge  of  the  correspondence,  to  see  that  all  communications 
addressed  to  Missions  and  Stations  have  proper  reply,  to  forward 
the  statement  called  for  in  Paragraph  42,  and  to  perform  such 
other  functions  as  shall  be  assigned  by  the  Missions.  The  above 
does  not  apply  to  correspondence  between  the  Board  and  Mission 
and  Station  Treasurers.  (See  §  §  48,  52,  53,  63.) 

58.  Care  should  be  taken  that  all  official  letters  of  the  Board 
sent  to  the  Missions  be  seen  by  each  missionary. 

Reports. 

59.  Each  Station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the  Mission 
year,  reports,  both  statistical  and  general,  of  the  various  depart- 


37 


ments  of  its  work,  and  submit  them  to  the  Mission  at  the 
annual  meeting.  Each  missionary  also  shall  prepare  a  brief 
personal  report  of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year,  to  be  sub¬ 
mitted  to  the  Mission.  All  these  reports  should  be  reviewed  by 
the  Mission  and  forwarded  without  delay  to  the  Secretary  in 
charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the  Mission’s  judgment 
thereon. 

Missions  are  allowed  to  close  their  statistical  year  at  such 
time  between  September  ist  and  November  30th  as  may  be  most 
convenient  for  them,  having  in  mind  the  requirements  of  the 
Board  that  all  statistical  information  must  be  in  the  hands 
of  the  Board  by  February  ist;  all  reports  and  estimates  by 
January  1st. 

Letters. 

60.  It  is  expected  that  each  Station  shall  write  a  quarterly 
letter  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence  with  the 
Mission,  concerning  the  work  in  its  various  departments,  the 
members  of  the  Station  discharging  this  duty  in  turn. 

61.  It  is  desirable  that  individual  missionaries  and  the  Secre¬ 
taries  of  the  Board  should  correspond  as  fully  and  frequently  as 
may  be  expedient,  for  mutual  helpfulness  in  the  prosecution  of 
the  work. 

62.  Correspondence  pertaining  to  the  respective  departments 
of  Secretaries  or  Treasurer  should  be  forwarded  on  separate 
sheets  and  ordinarily  under  separate  covers.  Correspondence  for 
the  Treasurer’s  office  should  as  far  as  practicable  be  given 
separate  sheets  according  to  the  following  rough  outline:  (i) 
Matters  of  travel;  (2)  Purchase  and  shipment  of  goods;  (3) 
Adjustment  of  accounts;  (4)  General  and  personal  matters. 

TREASURERS. 

Mission  Treasurer. 

63.  The  Mission  shall  elect  a  Treasurer  at  its  annual  meeting 
or  when  a  vacancy  occurs,  said  Treasurer  to  assume  his  duties 


38 


at  the  time  designated  by  the  Mission ;  the  election  to  be  reported 
to  the  Board,  and  to  be  subject  to  its  approval.  It  devolves  on 
the  Mission  Treasurer  to  preserve  carefully  all  deeds  of  Mission 
property  and  other  legal  papers  not  transmitted  to  the  Board 
(in  Stations  where  this  is  not  convenient  the  Mission  may 
assign  this  duty  to  the  Station  Treasurer)  ;  to  keep  in  official 
books,  procured  at  the  Board’s  expense  and  to  be  the  property 
of  the  Board,  clear  and  correct  accounts  of  all  receipts  and  pay¬ 
ments,  and  to  have  vouchers  for  the  latter,  and  to  keep  files  of 
all  official  correspondence  properly  belonging  to  his  department. 
(See  §  57.)  His  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any 
member  of  the  Mission  at  any  reasonable  time. 

64.  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board  for  the 
distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission,  and  is 
responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for  all  funds 
forwarded  by  him.  The  drafts  conveying  these  funds  should  not 
be  negotiated  until  required.  The  accumulation  of  large  cash 
balances  in  native  banks  for  any  purpose  should  be  avoided. 
Limited  working  balances  should  be  kept  in  a  bank  or  other 
safe  depository  approved  by  the  Mission.  No  funds  of  the 
Board  shall  be  loaned  under  any  circumstances.  There  is  no 
warrant  for  assuming  liabilities  on  behalf  of  the  Board,  without 
the  actual  consent  of  the  Board,  and  it  is  within  its  proper  right 
to  repudiate  any  such  obligations.  The  acceptance  of  funds  for 
deposit,  and  the  investment  of  the  same  in  any  form  of  security, 
must  be  avoided.  The  advancing  of  funds  for  the  construction 
of  chapels  or  in  behalf  of  any  individual,  however  urgent  might 
appear  to  be  the  necessity,  is  unwarranted. 

The  principle  of  this  Paragraph  is  to  be  strictly  construed,  there 
bein,g  no  warrant  for  disbursements  beyond  the  limit  of  appro¬ 
priations,  except  in  cases  for  which  the  Manual  provides. 

65.  He  is  also  the  agent  of  the  Board  to  enforce  any  rules 
governing  the  use  of  revenue  derived  from  such  sources  as 
tuition  fees,  medical  fees,  press  earnings  and  premium  on  eX' 


39 


change,  etc.  (See  §  §  2Q.  45,  46.  54.)  Such  funds  must  be  paid 
to  him,  and  be  by  him  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

The  Mission  Treasurer  will  also  examine  and  check  journey 
accounts  presented  by  missionaries  upon  their  arrival  in  the  field, 
calling  the  attention  of  the  traveller  to  any  items  incorrectly 
entered. 

66.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  directed  to  remit  to  each 
Mission  Treasurer  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission 
during  the  fiscal  year  of  the  Board,  and  only  that  amount;  this 
to  be  forwarded  regularly,  and  preferably  in  monthly  instal¬ 
ments  ;  bills  of  exchange  to  be  negotiated  by  the  Mission 
Treasurers  as  necessities  require. 

67.  The  receipt  of  such  remittances  is  to  be  officially  ac¬ 
knowledged  by  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  for  all  such  funds  he 
must  return  an  annual  report  to  the  Board  through  its  Treasurer, 
duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  not  less  than  two,  appointed  for 
such  purpose  by  the  Mission  at  its  annual  meeting.  This  com¬ 
mittee  shall  meet  to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Mission  Treasurer 
as  soon  as  possible  after  April  i  in  each  year. 

68.  In  auditing  the  accounts  the  committee  of  the  Mission 
are  expected  not  only  to  examine  the  footings  and  vouchers  for 
each  payment,  but  also  to  report  whether  the  disbursements 
under  appropriations  were  made  in  accordance  with  the  vote  of 
the  Board.  The  audit  should  include  an  examination  of  the  cash 
in  bank.  And  a  report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Mission  certify¬ 
ing  that  the  audit  required  by  this  Paragraph  has  been  made, 
and  the  results  thereof  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Board. 

69.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time  to 
time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission 
treasuries  with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements  in 
American  gold,  but  the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  Mission 
must  be  rendered  once  each  year. 

70.  The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to  the 
Mission,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but  the  funds 


40 


must  be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  appropriations 
as  made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  without  special 
authority  being  obtained.  (See  §  §  47,  48.) 

Station  Treasurers. 

71.  Station  Treasurers  shall  be  annually  appointed  by  each 
Station,  or  where  the  Mission  shall  prefer,  by  the  Mission,  and 
the  names  reported  to  the  Board,  save  in  those  Missions  where 
the  Board  provides  for  the  discharge  of  these  duties  by  the 
Mission  Treasurer.  They  are  the  financial  agents  of  the  Mission 
for  their  several  Stations,  with  powers  and  responsibilities  in 
their  respective  spheres,  similar  to  those  of  Mission  Treaslirers. 
They  must  submit  reports  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  as  he  does 
to  the  Board  Treasurer,  such  reports  to  be  open  to  the  inspection 
of  members  of  the  Station,  and  to  be  duly  audited  by  a  committee 
of  the  Station.  (See  §  §  48,  63.) 

72.  The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  devise  reasonable  rules  to 
secure  from  Station  Treasurers  proper  accounts,  such  rules  to  be 
approved  by  his  Mission,  and  a  copy  sent  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
Board. 

Purchases  and  Money  Orders. 

73.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make  pur¬ 
chases  for  the  missionaries  of  the  Board,  but  all  charges, 
including  freight,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  salary  of  the 
missionary.  The  Treasurer  shall  require  such  form  of  order  for 
goods  as  will  bind  the  missionary,  and  inasmuch  as  the  Board  is 
asked  to  advance  money  on  such  orders,  the  treasurer  on  the 
field  through  whom  the  amount  must  be  collected  shall  have 
cognizance  of  the  obligation  assumed.  This  shall  be  effected 
by  the  countersigning  of  the  order  by  the  treasurer  on  the  field 
and  a  duplicate  of  the  order  shall  be  filed  with  the  treasurer  so 
countersigning.  These  purchases  are  for  the  Mission  work  and 
for  the  missionaries’  personal  needs,  and  do  not  include  pur¬ 
chases  for  others  not  directly  associated  with  the  Missions. 


41 


74-  The  Board’s  Treasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to  the 
field,  funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  missionaries,  and 
in  turn  pay  upon  authority  funds  transferred  to  him  by  the 
missionaries. 

Such  transfers  will  be  made  under  rules  which  he  may  make, 
but  shall  only  be  made  for  actual  value  received,  and  shall  not 
be  made  by  negotiable  drafts  (payable  through  banks). 

Property  and  Emergency  Drafts. 

75.  If  necessity  compels,  the  Mission  Treasurer  may  draw  on 
the  Board’s  Treasurer  at  ten  days’  sight  for  an  amount  not  to 
exceed  the  proportionate  allowance  of  appropriation  for  one 
month ;  but  in  such  event  a  statement  must  be  at  once  forwarded 
to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  setting  forth  the  emergency. 

It  is  not  expected  that  the  regular  drafts  sent  to  Mission 
Treasurers  from  New  York  to  cover  regular  appropriations  shall 
be  used  for  property  and  building  expenditures.  For  these 
purposes  special  drafts  shall  be  sold,  the  forms  being  sent  to  the 
Missions  in  blank  from  New  York.  These  special  drafts  for 
property  shall  be  sold  only  in  such  amounts  as  shall  be  needed 
in  the  immediate  future  to  finance  property  and  building  oper¬ 
ations.  They  are  not  to  be  sold  in  large  amounts  with  the  in¬ 
tention  of  depositing  the  proceeds  in  local  banks  to  await  ex¬ 
penditure  at  some  indefinite  time  in  the  future.  The  drafts 
shall  be  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  in  New  York  as  the  forms 
indicate,  and  shall  be  signed  by  the  duly  authorized  Treasurer  of 
the  Mission  and  the  party  authorized  by  the  Mission  to 
countersign. 

Emergency  expenditures  may  be  covered  in  the  same  way  by 
the  sale  of  one  or  more  of  these  special  drafts.  Current  funds 
also  may  be  replenished  when  absolutely  necessary,  but  only  in 
such  amounts  as  would  equal  the  regular  appropriation  for  one 
month. 

Immediately  on  the  sale  of  either  a  property  or  emergency 


42 


draft  notice  should  be  mailed  to  New  York  advising  the  Board 
Treasurer  of  such  sale,  giving  the  amount,  the  object  for  which 
it  was  sold  and  any  other  information  that  would  be  valuable 
to  have. 

Treasurer’s  Annual  Report. 

76.  As  the  Board  for  the  purposes  of  its  Annual  Report  to 
the  General  Assembly  closes  its  books  on  March  31,  in  each 
year,  the  Treasurer  shall  require  from  the  Mission  Treasurers 
such  reports  as  will  enable  him  to  prepare  his  report. 

77.  At  the  end  of  the  year  (March  31),  all  unexpended 
balances  and  unused  appropriations  revert  to  the  Treasury  of 
the  Board,  except  those  for  new  property.  (See  §  §  IS,  47,  48.) 

The  Treasurer  is,  however,  authorized  to  allow  proper  pay¬ 
ments  from  balance,  if  any,  for  work  actually  done  during  the 
year,  under  the  appropriations  of  that  year,  though  the  accounts 
are  rendered  after  the  year  ends :  and  the  Mission  may  apply 
to  have  any  unused  appropriations  continued,  in  addition  to  the 
appropriations  for  the  next  year.  But  all  unused  funds  and 
unfinished  work  must  be  reported  at  the  end  of  each  year. 


43 


INDEX 


Section 

A 


Accounts  . 69,  72 

Accounts  of  returning  mission¬ 
aries  .  22 

Addresses  at  home  .  24 

Adopted  children  .  33 

Africa  . 9,  12 

Aim  of  missionary  work .  51 

Aim  of  Missions . 37,  38 

Allowance,  children  ....33,  34,  35 

Appeals  .  40 

Appeals,  special  .  24.  48,  49 

Applications  .  1 

Appropriations  .  42,  44,  46,  47 

Special  . 18B,  50 

Transfer  of  .  48 

Unused  .  77 

Assignment  of  field .  8 

Assignments  . 1,  40 

Audits  . 67,  68 

B 

Baggage  . 12,  20 

Balances  .  77 

Bible  Societies  .  43 

Bible  Translations  .  43 

Bills  of  Exchange .  66 

Budget  . 48,  49 


C 

Children  ....1,  18D,  23,  33,  34,  35 

Allowances  of  .  46 

Travelling  expenses  of .  34 

Church  in  Mission  field,  relation 

to  Missions  . 37,  38 

Climate,  risks  of .  17 

Committees  on  language  study.  28 
Conference  of  new  missionaries.  7 

Copyists  .  28 

Correspondence — 

Official  .  42,  57,  58,  62 

Personal  .  61 

Quarterly  station  letters....  60 
Customs  duties  . 12,  20  | 


D 


Section 


Death  .  m 

Departure  from  the  field . 18A 

Deputation  work  on  furlough.  19,  24 

Designation  of  field .  8 

Disbursements  .  64,  66,  70 

Domicile  on  furlough .  19 

Drafts  .  75 


E 

Ecclesiastical  meetings  on  the 


field  .  37 

Estimates  . 18B,  44,  49 

Evangelistic  work  .  61 

Executive  Committees  . 41,  60 

Expenditures, 


42,  44,  48,  62,  63,  64,  70,  76 
Expenses  of  travel, 

12,  20,  21,  22,  23,  26,  31 
Expenses  of  travel  to  Presby¬ 
tery  and  Synod .  37 

Experience  in  Christian  work.  1 


F 


Families  . 

.  .  .18D 

Fees  on  the  field.. 

. 29, 

46,  65 

Field,  choice  of... 

. .  .  1 

Freight  . 

. 12, 

20,  73 

Funds,  necessity  of 

.  .  .  64 

Furloughs  . 

.17-25 

Furniture  . 

.  .  .  12 

G 

Gifts,  special  . 

. 48, 

49,  62 

H 

Health  . 

.  .1,  23, 

27,  30 

Health  emergency. . 

.  .  .18B 

Health  returns  .  . . 

.  .  .  48 

Home  allowance  .  . 

. . .18F. 

23,  27 

Hospitals  . 

,10,  11 

I 

Illness  on  the  field 

.  .  .  27 

Interviews  with 

officers 

of 

Board  .  7 


Section 


Ssction 


Journ»y 


J 


12 


L, 

Language  examinations  ....28,  39 


Language  study  .  28 

Lay  missionaries  .  32 

Letters  . 42,  57,  60-62 

Letters  from  Board .  58 

Literary  work  .  43 

Loans .  64 


Location  of  missionaries .  42 


M 

Marriage  .  4 

Medical  allowance  .  27 

Medical  certificate  . 18C 

Medical  examination  .  1 

Medical  expenses  .  27 

Medical  missionaries, 

1,  3,  10,  18C,  27 
Mexico  . 9,  12 


Ministerial  relief,  Board  of, 

30,  31,  32 

Mission,  The 

29,  30,  36,  37,  38,  39-42,  43,  44,  48 


Missions  and  the  Church... 37,  38 

Money  orders  .  73 

Motives  .  1 


O 


Objects,  special  . 48,  49 

Ordination  .  2 

Outside  work  .  29 

Outfit  . 9,  10,  11 


P 

Passports  .  13 

Pensions  .  30 

Personal  teachers  .  28 

Physicians....!,  3,  4,  10,  18C,  27 

Plans  of  land  and  buildings,  52,  53 

Presbyterial  recommendation.  .  2 

Presbyteries  . 37,  38 

Presses  .  55 

Property  .  52-54,  63,  75 

Property  committee . 52,  53 

Property,  Rent  of .  54 

Property,  Sale  of . 54,  75 

Publications  .  55 

Purchase  . 73 


Q 

Qualifications  for  appointment.  1 
Quarterly  reports  .  60 


B 


Recall  of  missionaries .  36 

Receipts  on  the  field . 45,  65 

Religious  experience  .  1 

Remuneration  for  outside  work.  29 

Rent  .  14 

Rent  of  property .  64 

Repairs  .  62 

Reports  .  47,  69,  60 

Resignations ...  18D,  25,  28,  31,  42 

Residence  . 14,  19 

Retiring  allowance  .  31 

Revocation  of  appointment....  36 

Route  of  travel .  12 


S 

Salaries  . 14,  15,  16,  30,  46 

Sale  of  property .  54 

Sanatoriums  .  26 

Secretaries  of  Board....!,  44,  63 

Secretary  of  Mission .  42 

Secretaries  of  Missions  and 

Stations  .  67 

Self-support  . 37,  38 

Service,  Term  of .  17 

Session  recommendations  .  3 

Special  appeals  .  24,  48,  49 

Special  appropriations  .  50 

Special  gifts  .  48,  49,  52 

Special  objects  . 48,  49 

Special  Rules  . 18E 

Stations .  56 

Statistics  .  59 

Surgical  outfit  . 10,  11 

Synod  .  37 

T 

Teachers,  personal  .  28 

Term  of  service .  17 

Testimonials  .  6 

Theological  views  .  2 

Title  deeds  . 52,  63 

Tours  of  exploration .  40 

Transfers  .  4  8 

Transfer  of  missionaries .  42 

Translations  .  4  3 

Travel  account  .  65 

Travelling  expenses, 

12,  18D,  20,  21,  22,  23,  26,  31 

Of  children  .  34 

To  Presbytery  and  Synod...  37 

Travel  Manual  . 12,  21 

Treasurer  of  Board, 

22,  44,  66-69,  73,  74,  76 

Treasurers  on  the  field .  45 

Treasurer  of  Mission, 

11,  63-70,  71,  72,  76-77 
Treasurer  of  the  Station.  ... 71,  72 


46 


Section 

V 


Vacations  on  the  field .  26 

Votes  in  Mission .  39 

Voting  .  56 

Vouchers  .  63,  67,  68 

W 

Widows  and  Widowers .  16 


Section 


Wives  . , . 5,  39 

Women  . 32,  39 

Women’s  Boards  . 4,  7 

Women,  single  . 4,  7 

Wooster  Homes  .  35 

Writers  .  28 


47 


